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Presentation on the topic: Tolstoy's attitude to war and peace

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Many people wonder what was Tolstoy's attitude to the war. This is easy enough to understand. You just need to read the novel "War and Peace". In the process, it will become abundantly clear that Tolstoy hated war. The writer believed that murder is the most heinous of all possible crimes, and it cannot be justified by anything. Not noticeable in the work and an enthusiastic attitude to military exploits.

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Although there is one exception - a passage about the Battle of Shengraben and Tushin's deed. Depicting the Patriotic War, the author admires the unity of the people. The people had to unite in order to oppose the enemy with common forces. What did Tolstoy think about the war? Let's figure it out. Sifting through the materials that reflected the events of 1812, the writer realized that, despite all the criminality of the war with its numerous deaths, rivers of blood, mud, betrayal, sometimes people are forced to fight. Perhaps this people in other times would not have done harm to a fly, but if a jackal pounces on him, he, defending himself, will kill him. However, during the murder, he does not feel any pleasure from this and does not think that this act is worthy of admiration. The author shows how much the soldiers who were forced to fight the enemy loved their homeland.

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Tolstoy's attitude to the war is, of course, interesting, but it is even more curious what he said about our enemies. The writer speaks with disdain of the French, who care more about their own "I" than about the nation - they are not particularly patriotic. And the Russian people, according to Tolstoy, are inherent in nobility and self-sacrifice in the name of saving the Motherland. Negative characters in the work are also those people who do not think at all about the fate of Russia (guests of Helen Kuragina) and people who hide their indifference behind feigned patriotism (most of the nobles, not counting some worthy personalities: Andrei Bolkonsky, Rostovs, Kutuzov, Bezukhov). In addition, the writer is frankly bad about those who enjoy the war - Napoleon and Dolokhov. This should not be so, it is unnatural. The war in Tolstoy's portrayal is so scary that it's amazing how these people can enjoy fighting. How cruel you have to be for that.

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The writer likes those people who, realizing that war is disgusting, vile, but sometimes inevitably, without any pathos, stand up to defend their country and do not receive any pleasure in killing opponents. These are Denisov, Bolkonsky, Kutuzov and many other persons depicted in the episodes. Hence, Tolstoy's attitude to the war becomes clear. With particular trepidation, the author writes about the truce, when the Russians show compassion for the crippled French, a humane attitude towards the prisoners (Kutuzov's order to the soldiers at the end of the bloodshed is to pity the defeated opponents who received frostbite). Also close to the writer are scenes in which enemies show humanity towards the Russians (Bezukhov's interrogation with Marshal Davout). Do not forget about the main idea of \u200b\u200bthe work - the unity of people. When peace reigns, the people, figuratively speaking, unite into one family, and during a war, disunity occurs. The novel also contains the idea of \u200b\u200bpatriotism. In addition, the author extols peace and speaks negatively about bloodshed. Tolstoy's attitude to the war is sharply negative. As you know, the writer was a pacifist.

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What does Tolstoy say about the Patriotic War? He claims that this is a crime. The writer does not divide soldiers into defenders and attackers. Countless people have committed as many atrocities as at another time would not have accumulated in several centuries, and what is most terrible, no one in this period regarded it as something impermissible. This is what war was in Tolstoy's understanding: blood, dirt (both literally and figuratively) and outrages that terrify any conscious person. But the writer understood that bloodshed was inevitable. Wars have been throughout the history of mankind and will be until the very end of its existence, nothing can be done about it. But our duty is to try to prevent atrocities and bloodsheds, so that we ourselves and our families live in a world that is, however, so fragile. It must be protected by all means.

41. War in the understanding and portrayal of Tolstoy. Real life is a life without shackles and limitations. This is the supremacy of feelings and mind over secular etiquette. Tolstoy contrasts "false life" and "real life." All of Tolstoy's favorite characters live "Real Life". Tolstoy in the first chapters of his work shows us only "false life" through the inhabitants of secular society: Anna Sherrer, Vasily Kuragin, his daughter and many others. A sharp contrast to this society is the Rostov family. They live only by feelings and may not observe general decency. So, for example, Natasha Rostova, who ran out into the hall on her birthday and asked loudly about what dessert would be served. This, according to Tolstoy, is real life. The best time to understand the insignificance of all problems is war. In 1812, everyone rushed to fight Napoleon. In the war, everyone forgot about their quarrels and disputes. Everyone thought only about victory and about the enemy. Indeed, even Pierre Bezukhov forgot about his disagreements with Dolokhov. The war eliminates everything that is not real, false in people's lives, gives a person the opportunity to open up to the end, having felt the need for it, as Nikolai Rostov and the hussars of his squadron feel it, they feel at the moment when it was impossible not to start an attack. Heroes who do not specifically seek to be useful to the general course of events, but live their normal lives, are the most useful participants in it. The criterion for real life is real, sincere feelings. But Tolstoy has heroes who live by the laws of reason. These are the Bolkonsky family, except, possibly, Marya. But Tolstoy also refers to these heroes as "real". Prince Andrei Bolkonsky is a very smart man. He lives according to the laws of reason and does not obey the feelings. He rarely obeyed etiquette. He could easily walk away if he was not interested. Prince Andrew wanted to live "not for himself alone." He always tried to be helpful. Tolstoy also shows us Pierre Bezukhov, whom they looked at with disapproval in Anna Pavlovna's living room. He, unlike others, did not greet the "useless aunt." He did not do it out of disrespect, but only because he did not consider it necessary. In the image of Pierre, two benefactors are combined: intelligence and simplicity. By "simplicity" I mean that he is free to express his feelings and emotions. Pierre had been looking for his destiny for a long time and did not know what to do. A simple Russian man, Platon Karataev, helped him figure it out. He explained to him that there is nothing better than freedom. Karataev became for Pierre the personification of the simplicity and clarity of the basic laws of life. All of Tolstoy's favorite heroes love life in all its manifestations. Real life is always natural. Tolstoy loves the life depicted and the heroes living it. The action of the novel "War and Peace" unfolds against the background of events that shook the whole of Europe, the most important of them are depicted in detail in the work. Tolstoy pays special attention to the foreign campaign of the Russian army and the Patriotic War of 1812. The nature of these wars is completely different. The goals of the foreign campaign are not entirely clear to the soldiers, the inconsistency of the actions of the allies leads to many failures, the mediocrity of the commanders turns into a terrible defeat in the Battle of Austerlitz, but the spirit of the army and soldier's courage are manifested even in these conditions, especially when it comes to saving the entire Russian army with a small detachment of Bagration in Battle of Shengraben. Tolstoy's main focus is on depicting the events of the 1812 war. The description of the Battle of Borodino, which was the main battle of this war, becomes the true semantic and compositional center of the book. All the threads of the novel are drawn to this episode, as to a trick. The writer has created an unsurpassed epic picture of preparation for battle and battle, in which soldiers and civilians, representatives of all classes participate, not without reason one of the episodic characters of the novel says that, defending Moscow, "they want to pounce on the enemy with the whole world." On the Borodino field, feelings of patriotism and heroism of the participants in the battle are manifested, an awareness of the common goal and importance of the moment, the moral qualities of the heroes of the work. The collective efforts of all participants in the Battle of Borodino lead to the main result: despite the losses and the need to leave Moscow in order to save the army and Russia, the Russians won a moral victory in this battle, which predetermined the overall victory of the Russian army and the entire campaign. Tolstoy, both as an artist and as a historian, emphasizes the significance of this battle and its consequences for the French army, which turns into an army of marauders in Moscow and then dies ingloriously in the Moscow campaign. The depiction of the events of the twelfth year would be incomplete without a description of the partisan war, which in the novel takes on a deeply significant image of the "cudgel of the people's war." Genuine patriotism and a feeling of offended national pride evoke spontaneous popular resistance to the enemy. The actions of the regular army and partisan detachments turn ordinary people, invisible in peacetime, into heroes. Among the characters in the novel there are a number of such "inconspicuous" heroes - Captain Tushin, Tikhon Shcherbaty, Elder Vasilisa, and others. The civilian population, making its contribution to the common cause, does not remain on the side of military events. The inhabitants of Smolensk do not put up with the offensive of the enemy army, Muscovites leave their city before the entry of the French. Tolstoy defines war as an event "contrary to human reason and all human nature." This definition is fully justified, since war not only contradicts reason and nature, but also divides people into warring armies, and Russian society also in relation to the events taking place. The Petersburg light is only masked by patriotic speeches, being far from the theater of military operations and not being mentally captured by the events taking place. In the army, among the majority of true patriots and heroes, there are officers who think only about promotion, ranks and crosses. Most of all, the unnaturalness of war is noticeable when compared with the natural course of the "common, swarm" life of people. In the second volume of the novel, amid his discourses on the vicissitudes of politics, Tolstoy expresses a cherished thought that became one of the foundations of his philosophical views. This is the thought about the eternal expediency and value of real human life, about its independence from everything external: “Life, meanwhile, the real life of people with their essential interests of thought, science, poetry, music, love, friendship, hatred, passions, went on as always independently and outside of political closeness and enmity with Napoleon Bonaparte and outside all possible transformations. "

The central event of the novel "War and Peace" is the Patriotic War of 1812, which shook the entire Russian people, showed the whole world its power and strength, put forward simple Russian heroes and a genius commander, revealing at the same time the true essence of every certain person.

Tolstoy in his work depicts the war as a realist writer: in hard work, blood, suffering, death.

Here is a picture of the campaign before the battle: “Prince Andrey looked with contempt at these endless, interfering teams, carts, parks, artillery ... from all sides, behind and in front, as long as the ear could be heard, the sounds of wheels, the rumbling of bodies, carts and carriages, horse stomping were heard , blows with a whip, screams of prodding, cursing soldiers, orderlies and officers ... The soldiers, sinking knee-deep in mud, were picking up guns and wagons in their hands ... "Reading the description, we feel a tremendous strain of human strength, the severity of labor, reaching the limit of fatigue.

And here is a complex and multicolored picture of the Battle of Schoengraben: “Infantry regiments, caught unawares in the forest, ran out of the forest, and companies, mixing with other companies, left in disorderly crowds ... on ours, suddenly, for no apparent reason, they ran back ... and Russian arrows appeared in the forest. It was Timokhin's company ... The runners returned, the battalions gathered, and the French were ... driven back. "

Elsewhere, "four unprotected cannons boldly fired" under the command of Captain Tushin. Here a significant number of soldiers were killed, an officer was killed, two cannons were destroyed, a horse with a broken leg fought, and the gunners, forgetting all fear, beat the French and set fire to the village they occupied. In this battle, as well as in the attack of Timokhin's company, there was nothing particularly effective and nothing ostentatious, people here were just doing their duty, not thinking that they were heroes.

After the battle “an invisible gloomy river seemed to flow in the darkness ... In the general roar because of all other sounds, the moans and voices of the wounded were heard clearest of all ... Their moans seemed to fill all this darkness that surrounded the troops. Their groans and the darkness of this night were one and the same. " War brings suffering and death to people. Started with aggressive goals, it is hateful and repulsive to Tolstoy. A just war can only be provoked by absolute necessity. The Shengraben battle was needed to save the Russian army in a difficult situation. On the part of the Russians, the Patriotic War of 1812 was just. The enemy entered the borders of Russia and moved towards Moscow. An unknown soldier, expressing the general opinion of the Russians, told Pierre that they “want to pile on the enemy with all the people; one word - Moscow. They want to make one end ”.

The greatest manifestation of Russian patriotism was the Battle of Borodino, in which the Russian army defeated the French: "the Russians hold their ground and produce hellish fire, from which the French army melts."

"Our fire tears them out in rows, and they stand," the adjutants reported to Napoleon. And Napoleon felt "how a terrible sweep of his hand fell magically powerlessly." In the episodes of the novel dedicated to the people's struggle for their national independence, there is no place for theatrical effects and beautiful phrases.

“Since the fire of Smolensk,” writes Tolstoy, “a war has begun that does not fit any previous legends of wars. The burning of cities and villages, the retreat after the battles, the blow of Borodin and again the retreat, the fire of Moscow, the catching of marauders, the transfer of transports, the guerrilla war — all these were deviations from the rules. "

Cohesion of the people

Not noticeable in the work and an enthusiastic attitude to military exploits.

Although there is one exception - a passage about the Shengraben battle and the act of Tushin. Depicting the Patriotic War, the author admires the unity of the people. The people had to unite in order to oppose the enemy with common forces.

The people are forced to defend

What did Tolstoy think about the war? Let's figure it out. Sifting through the materials that reflected the events of 1812, the writer realized that, despite all the criminality of the war with its numerous deaths, rivers of blood, mud, betrayal, sometimes people are forced to fight. Perhaps this people in other times would not have done harm to a fly, but if a jackal pounces on him, he, defending himself, will kill him. However, during the murder, he does not feel any pleasure from this and does not think that this act is worthy of admiration. The author shows how much the soldiers who were forced to fight the enemy loved their homeland.

in the novel

Tolstoy's attitude to the war is, of course, interesting, but it is even more interesting what he said about our enemies. The writer speaks with disdain of the French, who care more about their own "I" than about the nation - they are not particularly patriotic. And the Russian people, according to Tolstoy, are inherent in nobility and self-sacrifice in the name of the salvation of the Motherland. Negative characters in the work are also those people who do not think at all about the fate of Russia (guests of Helen Kuragina) and people who hide their indifference behind feigned patriotism (most of the nobles, not counting some worthy personalities: Andrei Bolkonsky, Rostovs, Kutuzov, Bezukhov).

In addition, the writer is frankly bad about those who enjoy the war - Napoleon and Dolokhov. This should not be so, it is unnatural. War in Tolstoy's portrayal is so terrifying that it's amazing how these people can enjoy fighting. How cruel you have to be for that.

Noble people and humane acts in the novel

These are Denisov, Bolkonsky, Kutuzov and many other persons depicted in the episodes. Hence, Tolstoy's attitude to the war becomes clear. With particular trepidation, the author writes about the truce, when the Russians show compassion for the crippled French, a humane attitude towards the prisoners (Kutuzov's order to the soldiers at the end of the bloodshed is to pity the defeated opponents who received frostbite). Also, the writer is close to scenes in which enemies show humanity towards the Russians (Bezukhov's interrogation with Marshal Davout). Do not forget about the main idea of \u200b\u200bthe work - the solidarity of people. When peace reigns, the people, figuratively speaking, unite into one family, and during a war, disunity occurs. The novel also contains the idea of \u200b\u200bpatriotism. In addition, the author extols peace and speaks negatively about the bloodshed. Tolstoy's attitude to the war is sharply negative. As you know, the writer was a pacifist.

A crime that has no excuse

What does Tolstoy say about the Patriotic War? He argues that The Writer will not divide soldiers into defenders and attackers. Countless people have committed as many atrocities as at another time would not have accumulated in several centuries, and what is most terrible, no one in this period regarded it as something impermissible.

That was the kind of war in Tolstoy's understanding: blood, dirt (both literally and figuratively) and outrages that terrify any conscious person. But the writer understood that bloodshed was inevitable. Wars have been throughout the history of mankind and will be until the very end of its existence, nothing can be done about it. But our duty is to try to prevent atrocities and bloodsheds, so that we ourselves and our families live in a world that is, however, so fragile. It must be protected by all means.

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What was Tolstoy's attitude to the war?

12 May 2014

Cohesion of the people

Not noticeable in the work and an enthusiastic attitude to military exploits. Although there is one exception - a passage about the Shengraben battle and the act of Tushin. Depicting the Patriotic War, the author admires the unity of the people. The people had to unite in order to oppose the enemy with common forces.

The people are forced to defend

Negative characters in the novel

Tolstoy's attitude to the war is, of course, interesting, but even more curious what he said about our enemies. The writer speaks with disdain of the French, who care more about their own "I" than about the nation - they are not particularly patriotic. And the Russian people, according to Tolstoy, are inherent in nobility and self-sacrifice in the name of the salvation of the Motherland. Negative characters in the work are also those people who do not think at all about the fate of Russia (guests of Helen Kuragina) and people who hide their indifference behind feigned patriotism (most of the nobles, not counting some worthy personalities: Andrei Bolkonsky, Rostovs, Kutuzov, Bezukhov). In addition, the writer is frankly bad about those who enjoy the war - Napoleon and Dolokhov. This should not be so, it is unnatural. The war in Tolstoy's portrayal is so terrible that it is amazing how these people can enjoy fighting. How cruel you have to be for that.

Noble people and humane acts in the novel

The writer likes those people who, realizing that war is disgusting, vile, but sometimes inevitably, without any pathos, stand up to defend their country and do not receive any pleasure in killing opponents. These are Denisov, Bolkonsky, Kutuzov and many other persons depicted in the episodes. Hence, Tolstoy's attitude to the war becomes clear. With particular trepidation, the author writes about a truce, when the Russians show compassion for the crippled French, a humane attitude towards the prisoners (Kutuzov's order to the soldiers at the end of the bloodshed is to pity the defeated opponents who received frostbite). Also close to the writer are scenes in which enemies show humanity towards the Russians (Bezukhov's interrogation with Marshal Davout). Do not forget about the main idea of \u200b\u200bthe work - the unity of people. When peace reigns, the people, figuratively speaking, unite into one family, and during a war, disunity occurs. The novel also contains the idea of \u200b\u200bpatriotism. In addition, the author extols peace and speaks negatively about bloodshed. Tolstoy's attitude to the war is sharply negative. As you know, the writer was a pacifist.

A crime that has no excuse

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