The novel "Oblomov" is one of the landmark works of the 19th century, covering many social and philosophical topics. An important role in disclosure ideological sense works plays an analysis of the relationship in the book of two main male characters. In the novel "Oblomov", the characterization of Oblomov and Stolz reflects their completely different nature, opposed by the author.
According to the plot of the work, the characters are best friends from an early age, helping each other as much as possible even in adulthood: Stolz Oblomov - the solution to many of his pressing problems, and Ilya Ilyich to Andrei Ivanovich - pleasant conversations that allow Stolz to restore peace of mind.

Portrait characteristics of heroes

A comparative description of Oblomov and Stolz in Goncharov's novel "Oblomov" is given by the author himself and is most remarkable when comparing them. portrait characteristics as well as characters. Ilya Ilyich is a soft, quiet, kind, dreamy, reflective bumpkin who makes any decision at the behest of his heart, even if the mind leads the hero to the opposite conclusions. The appearance of the introverted Oblomov fully corresponds to his character - his movements are soft, lazy, rounded, and the image is characterized by excessive effeminacy, which is not typical for a man.

Stolz, both internally and externally, is completely different from Oblomov. The main thing in the life of Andrei Ivanovich is the rational grain, in all matters he relies only on the mind, while the dictates of the heart, intuition and the sphere of feelings for the hero are not only something secondary, but also inaccessible, incomprehensible to his rational thoughts. Unlike the “flabby beyond his years” Oblomov, Stolz seemed to consist of “bones, muscles and nerves.” His life is a rapid race forward, an important attribute of which is the constant self-development of the individual and continuous work. The images of Oblomov and Stolz seem to be a mirror image of each other: active, extroverted, successful in society and in the career field, Stolz is opposed to the lazy, apathetic, unwilling to communicate with anyone, and even more so to return to the service, Oblomov.

Differences in the upbringing of heroes

When comparing Ilya Oblomov and Andrei Stolz, as well as for a better understanding of the images of the characters, it is important to briefly describe the atmosphere in which each of the characters grew up. Despite the “addictive”, as if covering with a veil of half-asleep and laziness, Oblomovka’s environment, little Ilya was a cheerful, active and curious child, which at first was very similar to Stolz. He wanted to learn as much as possible about the world around him, but the excessive concern of his parents, the "hothouse" upbringing, the inculcation of obsolete, obsolete and aimed at the ideals of the past values, made the child a worthy successor to the traditions of "Oblomovism", the bearer of the "Oblomov" worldview - lazy, introvert, living in his own illusory world.

However, Stolz also did not grow up the way he could have grown up. At first glance, the combination in his upbringing of the strict approach of a German father and the tenderness of a noble mother of Russian origin would allow Andrei to become a harmonious, comprehensively developed personality. Nevertheless, as the author points out, Stolz grew up "like a cactus accustomed to drought." The young man lacked love, warmth and gentleness, since he was mainly raised by his father, who did not think that sensitivity should be instilled in a man. However, the Russian roots of Stolz until the end of their lives were looking for this spiritual warmth, finding it in Oblomov, and then in the idea of ​​​​Oblomovka, which he denied.

Education and career of heroes

The inconsistency of the characters of Stolz and Oblomov is already manifested in youth when Andrei Ivanovich, trying to learn as much as possible about the world around him, tried to instill in Ilya Ilyich a love of books, to kindle a flame in him that would make him strive forward. And Stoltz succeeded, but for a very short time - as soon as Oblomov remained on his own, the book became less important for him than, for example, sleep. Somehow, rather, for his parents, Ilya Ilyich graduated from school, and then the university, where he was absolutely not interested, since the hero did not understand how mathematics and other sciences could be useful to him in life. Even a single failure in the service was the end of his career for him - it was too hard for the sensitive, soft Oblomov to adapt to the strict rules of the capital world, far from the norms of life in Oblomovka.

Stolz, with his rational, active view of the world, is much easier to move up the career ladder, because any failure was more like another incentive for him than a defeat. Andrey Ivanovich's continuous activity, high efficiency, ability to please others made him a useful person in any workplace and a pleasant guest in any society, and all thanks to the purposefulness laid down by his father and the continuous thirst for knowledge that his parents developed in Stolz in childhood.

Characteristics of Oblomov and Stolz as carriers of two opposite principles

In critical literature, when comparing Oblomov and Stolz, it is widely believed that the characters are two opposites, two types of "superfluous" heroes who in a "pure" form cannot be found in real life, even despite the fact that Oblomov is a realistic novel, and, consequently, the images described should be typical images. However, when analyzing the upbringing and formation of each of the characters, the reasons for Oblomov's apathy, laziness and daydreaming become clear, as well as excessive dryness, rationality, even similarity with a certain Stolz mechanism.

A comparison of Stolz and Oblomov makes it possible to understand that both heroes are not only personalities typical of their time, but are also images that are tendentious for any time. Oblomov is a typical son of wealthy parents, brought up in an atmosphere of love and increased care, protected by his family from the need to work, decide something and act actively, because there will always be “Zakhar” who will do everything for him. Stolz, on the other hand, is a person who is taught from an early age to the need to work and work, while being deprived of love and care, which leads to a certain internal callousness of such a person, to a misunderstanding of the nature of feelings and emotional deprivation.

Artwork test

Vitalideals of Oblomov and Stolz

All his life, I. A. Goncharov dreamed of people finding harmony between feelings and reason. Hethought about the strength and poverty of "a man oncemind", about the charm and weakness of the "man of the heart".In Oblomov, this idea became one of the leading ones,In this novel, two types of male characters are contrasted: passive and weak Oblomov, withhis heart of gold and pure soul, and energetic Stolz, able to overcome anystanding by the power of your mind and will. However, whatGoncharov's ideal of love is not personifiedvan in none of them. Stolz doesn't seema writer with a more complete personality than ObLomov, at whom he also looks "sobereyes." Impartially exposing "extremes"nature of both, Goncharov advocatedflatness spiritual world man in all his various manifestations.

Each of the main characters in the novel had their ownunderstanding the meaning of life, their life ideasalas that they dreamed of realizing. At firstnarration Ilya Ilyich Oblomov is a little over thirty years old, he is a pillar nobleman, possessingbody of three hundred and fifty souls of serfsyang he inherited. Having served after graduating from Moscow University for threeyear in one of the metropolitan departments, heretired with the rank of collegiate secretary.Since then, he lived in St. Petersburg without a break. Novelbegins with a description of one of his days, his habits and character. Oblomov's life to thattime turned into a lazy 'cross crawlfrom day to day". Retiring from vigorous activity, he lay on the sofa and irritatedlyquarreled with Zakhar, a serf servant whoRoy took care of him. Revealing socialthe roots of Oblomovism, Goncharov shows that

“it all started with the inability to put on stockings, and it was an inability to live."

Raised in a patriarchal nobilityfamily, Ilya Ilyich perceived life in Oblomovka, his family estate, with its peace and withoutaction as the ideal of a human beingniya. The norm of life was ready and taught oblomovtsam parents, and they took it from their parents. The three main acts of life were constantly played out before the eyes of little Ilyusha in childhood; home, weddings, funerals. Then next gave their divisions: christenings, name days,family holidays. It focuses on thisthe whole pathos of life. This included "shifatal expanse of aristocratic life "with her holidaysness, which has forever become the ideal of life for Ob lomov a.

All Oblomovites treated work as a punishment and did not like it, considering it something humiliating.nym. Therefore, life in the eyes of Ilya Ilyich oncewas divided into two halves. One consisted ofand boredom, and these were synonyms for him.The other is from peace and peaceful fun. V About Lomov ke Ilya Ilyich was also instilled with feelingssuperiority over other people. "Another"cleans his own boots, dresses himself, runs awayfor what you need. This "other" has towork tirelessly. Ilyusha is “brought up tenderlybut, neither cold nor hunger he endured, he did not needI knew I didn’t earn my own bread, it was a dirty businessdid not work." And he considered studying a punishment sent by heaven for sins, and he avoided schoolclasses whenever possible. After graduating from uni university, he was no longer engaged in his education, was not interested in science, art, politics.

When Oblomov was young, he expected a lot fromfate, and from himself. Ready to serve fatherland, play a prominent role in public

life, dreamed of family happiness. But the days went byday by day, and he was still going to start life, everythingpictured my future in my mind. However, "the flower of life blossomed and did not bear fruit."

The future service seemed to him not in the formharsh activities, but in the form of some "familiesnogo occupation. It seemed to him that the officialsemployees together constitute a friendly and closea family, all members of which tirelessly care for mutual pleasure. However, his youthfulrepresentations were deceived. Not youpowers of difficulties, he resigned, servedalive only three years and having done nothing significant body.

Only the youthful glow of Stolz could stillstrike Oblomov, and in his dreams he sometimes burned fromthirst for work and a distant but attractive pricewhether. It happened, lying on the couch, it flared updesire to point out to mankind its vices.He will quickly change two or three poses, with shiningwith his eyes he will rise up on the bed and with inspirationlooks around. It seems that his high mustachewhich is about to turn into a feat and bring good consequences to mankind. Sometimes he imagineshimself an invincible commander: he will invent a war, arrange new crusades, perform feats of goodness and generosity. Or, representinghimself a thinker, an artist, he is in his imaginationreaps laurels in battle, everyone worships him,the crowd is chasing him. However, in reality he was notable to manage their ownestate and easily fell prey to such swindlers as Tarantyev and the bratets "his quarter fiendish hostess.

Over time, he developed remorse, which haunted him. He was in painfor his backwardness, for the heaviness that prevented himlive. He was gnawed by envy that others live like thisfull and wide, but something prevents him from walking boldly

for life. He painfully felt thatneck and a bright beginning is buried in it, as in a grave. He tried to find the culprit outside himself and did not finddil. However, apathy and indifference are quickly replaced whether anxiety in his soul, and he again peacefullyslept on his sofa.

Even love for Olga did not revive him to work.tic life. Faced with the needability to act, overcoming those who stand in the waydifficulties, he got scared and retreated. having settledliving on the Vyborg side, he left himself entirely to the care of Agafya Pshenitsyna, windowswithdrawing from active life.

In addition to this inability brought up by the nobility,Many other things prevent Oblomov from being active.goe. He really feels objectively the existing disunity of the “poetic” and"practical" in life, and this is the cause of his bitter disappointment. He is outraged that the highest meaning of human existence in society is often replaced by a false, imaginarycontent "Although Oblomov has nothing to object toStolz's reproaches, some spiritual rightness for included in the confession of Ilya Ilyich that he failed to understand this life.

If at the beginning of the novel Goncharov speaks more rit about Oblomov’s laziness, then at the end the theme of Oblomov’s “golden heart” sounds more and more insistently,which he carried unscathed through life. NotOblomov's happiness is connected not only with socialenvironment, the influence of which he could not resistyat. It is also contained in the "disastrous excess of hearttsa". Softness, delicacy, vulnerability of the hero disarm his will and make him powerless before people and circumstances.

As opposed to passive and idle to Oblomov, Stolz was conceived by a carrum as a completely unusual figure, Houndmoat sought to make it attractive to

reader with his "deliberateness", rationalpracticality. These qualities have not beencharacteristic of the heroes of Russian literature.

The son of a German burgher and a Russian noblewoman,Andrey Stolts from childhood thanks to his fatherChil labor, practical education. It's incombined with the poetic influence of his mothermade him a special person. UnlikeOutwardly rounded Oblomov, Stolz was thin, all consisted of muscles and nerves. From himexuded some freshness and strength.<«Как в орга­ there was nothing superfluous on his bottom, and in his likingimportant functions of his life, he soughtbalance of practical aspects with subtlethe needs of the spirit." “He walked steadily through life”cheerfully, lived on a budget, trying to spend everyday, like every ruble. He attributed the cause of any failure to himself, "and not toshawl, like a caftan, on someone else's nail. He aspiredto develop a simple and direct view oflife. What he feared most was the imagination,"this two-faced companion" and every dreamtherefore, everything mysterious and mysterious is notthere was a place in his soul. Everything that does not exposeanalysis of experience does not correspond to practicalwhat truth, he considered a deceit. Labor waszom, content, elements and purpose of his lifeneither. Above all, he put perseverance in dostargeting: it was a sign of characterin his eyes. According to the author, the personalitiespa Stolz should belong to the future:“How many Stoltsev should appear under the Russian our names!”

Emphasizing rationalism and strong-willed qualitieshis hero, Goncharov, however, was aware of thechildish callousness of Stolz. Apparently a man"budget", emotionally contained within rigid and narrow limits, is not the hero of Goncharov, the Writer speaks of "moral matters" personally

ty your hero as about the physiological work of theganisma or on the departure of official dutiesnews. You can't "send" friendly feelings.However, in relation to Stolz Oblomov, thistint is present.

In the development of the action, Stolz little by littlepresents himself as "not a hero". For Goncharov, whory sang the holy recklessness of Chatsky andclearly understood the anxiety of great spiritualrequests, it was a sign of internal failure. Lack of a high goal, understandingunderstanding the meaning of human life is constantlythrashing about despite a lot of activityStolz in practice. He has nothing to saycall Oblomov in response to the recognition that hisfriend did not find meaning in the surrounding life. Having received Olga's consent to marriage, Stolz pronouncessits puzzling words: "Everything is found, nothinglook for, nowhere else to go." And later he will carefully try to persuade the alarmedOlga to come to terms with the "rebellious issuemi", excluding from his life the "Faustian" anxiety.

Staying objective with everyoneto his characters, the writer explores the innerthe possibilities of various contemporary peopleski types, finding strength and weakness in each ofthem. However, Russian reality is not yetwaiting for her true hero. According to DoBrolyubov, a real historical case in Rosthis was not in the realm of practicality and business, butin the field of struggle for the renewal of social codefret. Active existence and new, asset new people were still only a prospect, alreadyvery close, but still not realstu. It has already become clear what kind of person is not neededRussia" but still elusive was that kind of deactivity and the type of agent that it requires yutsya.

Goncharov's novel "Oblomov" was highly appreciated by critics of the second half of the 19th century. In particular, Belinsky noted that the work was timely and reflected the socio-political thought of the 50-60s of the nineteenth century. Two lifestyles - Oblomov and Stolz - are considered in this article in comparison.

Characteristics of Oblomov

Ilya Ilyich was distinguished by a desire for peace, inaction. Oblomov cannot be called interesting and varied: he used to spend most of the day in thought, lying on the couch. Plunging into these thoughts, he often throughout the day never got up from his bed, did not go out into the street, did not learn the latest news. He did not read newspapers as a matter of principle, so as not to bother himself with unnecessary, and most importantly, meaningless information. Oblomov can be called a philosopher, he is concerned about other issues: not everyday, not momentary, but eternal, spiritual. He looks for meaning in everything.

When looking at him, one gets the impression that he is a happy freethinker, not burdened by the hardships and problems of external life. But life "touches, gets everywhere" Ilya Ilyich, makes him suffer. Dreams remain only dreams, because he does not know how to translate them into real life. Even reading tires him: Oblomov has many books he has begun, but they all remain unread, misunderstood. The soul seems to be dormant in him: he avoids unnecessary anxieties, worries, anxieties. In addition, Oblomov often compares his calm, secluded existence with the lives of other people and finds that it’s not good to live the way others live: “When to live?”

This is what constitutes the ambiguous image of Oblomov. "Oblomov" (Goncharov I.A.) was created in order to describe the personality of this character - uncommon and extraordinary in his own way. He is not alien to impulses and deep emotional experiences. Oblomov is a true dreamer with a poetic, sensitive nature.

Stolz characteristic

Oblomov's way of life can in no way be compared with Stolz's worldview. The reader first meets this character in the second part of the work. Andrei Stoltz loves everything in order: his day is scheduled by the hour and minute, dozens of important things are planned that need to be urgently redone. Today he is in Russia, tomorrow, you see, he has already unexpectedly gone abroad. What Oblomov finds boring and meaningless is important and significant for him: trips to cities, villages, intentions to improve the quality of life of those around him.

He opens in his soul such treasures that Oblomov cannot even guess. Stolz's way of life consists entirely in activities that feed his whole being with the energy of cheerfulness. In addition, Stolz is a good friend: more than once he helped Ilya Ilyich in business matters. The way of life of Oblomov and Stolz is different from each other.

What is "Oblomovism"?

As a social phenomenon, the concept denotes a focus on an idle, monotonous, devoid of color and any kind of change in life. Andrei Stoltz called "Oblomovism" the very way of life of Oblomov, his desire for endless peace and the absence of any activity. Despite the fact that a friend constantly pushed Oblomov to the opportunity to change the way of existence, he did not budge at all, as if he did not have enough energy to do this. At the same time, we see that Oblomov admits his mistake, uttering the following words: "I have long been ashamed to live in the world." He feels useless, unnecessary and abandoned, and therefore he does not want to dust off the table, sort out books that have been lying there for a month, and leave the apartment once again.

Love in the understanding of Oblomov

Oblomov's way of life did not contribute in any way to the acquisition of real, and not fictitious, happiness. He dreamed and planned more than he actually lived. It is amazing, but in his life there was a place for a quiet rest, philosophical reflections on the essence of being, but there was a lack of strength for decisive action and the implementation of intentions. Love for Olga Ilyinskaya for a while pulls Oblomov out of his usual existence, makes him try new things, start taking care of himself. He even forgets his old habits and sleeps only at night, and goes about his business during the day. But still, love in Oblomov's worldview is directly related to dreams, thoughts and poetry.

Oblomov considers himself unworthy of love: he doubts whether Olga can love him, whether he suits her enough, whether he is capable of making her happiness. Such thoughts lead him to sad thoughts about his useless life.

Love in the understanding of Stolz

Stoltz approaches the issue of love more rationally. He does not indulge in ephemeral dreams in vain, as he soberly looks at life, without fantasy, without the habit of analyzing. Stolz is a business man. He does not need romantic walks in the moonlight, loud declarations of love and sighs on the bench, because he is not Oblomov. Stolz's lifestyle is very dynamic and pragmatic: he proposes to Olga at the moment when he realizes that she is ready to accept him.

What did Oblomov come to?

As a result of protective and cautious behavior, Oblomov misses the opportunity to build a close relationship with Olga Ilyinskaya. His marriage was upset shortly before the wedding - he gathered for too long, explained himself, asked himself, compared, estimated, analyzed Oblomov. The characterization of the image of Oblomov Ilya Ilyich teaches not to repeat the mistakes of an idle, aimless existence, raises the question of what love really is? Is she the object of lofty, poetic aspirations, or is it the calm joy, peace that Oblomov finds in the house of the widow Agafya Pshenitsyna?

Why did Oblomov's physical death occur?

The result of Ilya Ilyich's philosophical reflections is this: he preferred to bury his former aspirations and even lofty dreams in himself. with Olga, his life focused on everyday existence. He knew no greater joy than to eat well and sleep after dinner. Gradually, the engine of his life began to stop, subside: ailments and cases became more frequent. Even his former thoughts left him: there was no longer any place for them in a quiet room that looked like a coffin, in all this sluggish life that lulled Oblomov, more and more away from reality. Mentally, this man was long dead. Physical death was only a confirmation of the falsity of his ideals.

Achievements of Stolz

Stolz, unlike Oblomov, did not miss his chance to become happy: he built family well-being with Olga Ilyinskaya. This marriage was made out of love, in which Stolz did not fly into the clouds, did not stay in destructive illusions, but acted more than reasonably and responsibly.

The way of life of Oblomov and Stolz are diametrically opposed and opposed to each other. Both characters are unique, inimitable and significant in their own way. This may explain the strength of their friendship over the years.

Each of us is close to either the type of Stolz or Oblomov. There is nothing wrong with that, and the coincidences are likely to be only partial. Deep, loving to reflect on the essence of life, most likely, Oblomov's experiences, his restless mental throwing and searching will be understandable. Business pragmatists, who have left romance and poetry far behind, will embody themselves with Stolz.

Annex 1

Comparative characteristics of Oblomov and Stolz

	Ilya Ilyich Oblomov	Andrei Ivanovich Stolz
age
portrait	“A man of medium height, pleasant appearance, softness dominated in his face, the soul shone openly and clearly in his eyes”, “flabby beyond his years”	"all made up of bones, muscles and nerves, like a blooded English horse", thin, "Even complexion", expressive eyes
parents		“Stolz is only half German, according to his father: his mother was Russian”
upbringing	The upbringing was patriarchal in nature, passed "from embraces to embraces of relatives, friends"	The father brought up hard, accustoming to work, "mother did not quite like this labor, practical education"
Attitude towards learning	He studied “out of necessity”, “serious reading tired him”, “but the poets touched ... to the quick”	"He studied well, and his father made him a referent in his boarding school"
Further education	Up to 20 years spent in Oblomovka	Stolz graduated from the university
Lifestyle	“Ilya Ilyich’s lying down was a normal state”	“participates in some company that sends goods abroad”, “he is constantly on the move”
housekeeping	Didn't do business in the village, received a small income and lived in debt	"lived on a budget", constantly controlling their expenses
Life aspirations	"prepared for the field", thought about the role in society, about family happiness, then he excluded social activities from his dreams, his ideal was a carefree life in unity with nature, family, friends	Having chosen an active principle in his youth, he did not change his desires, “labor is the image, content, element and purpose of life”
Views on society	All “members of society are dead, sleeping people”, they are characterized by insincerity, envy, a desire to “get a high-profile rank” by any means	Immersed in the life of society, a supporter of professional activities, which he is engaged in himself, supports progressive changes in society
Attitude towards Olga	I wanted to see a loving woman who can create a serene family life	Brings up in her an active principle, the ability to fight, develops her mind
relationships	He considered Stolz his only friend, able to understand and help, listened to his advice	He highly appreciated the moral qualities of Oblomov, his “honest, faithful heart”, loved him “firmly and passionately”, saved him from the swindler Tarantiev, wanted to revive him to an active life
self-esteem	He constantly doubted himself, this manifested his dual nature	I am confident in my feelings, deeds and actions, which I subordinated to cold calculation
Character features	Inactive, dreamy, sloppy, indecisive, lazy, apathetic, not devoid of subtle emotional experiences Oblomov And Stolz. Problem tasks Group Be able to compose comparative characteristic Oblomov And Stolz. ... Frontal, group comparative characteristic Oblomov and Olga, reveal... Thematic planning of literature lessons in grade 10 Lesson Friend? Meeting with Stolz. What is the difference between education Oblomov And Stolz? Why love for Olga... days?) 18, 19 5-6 Oblomov and Stolz. Planning comparative characteristics Oblomov And Stolz, a conversation according to a plan ... Order No. 2012 "Agreed" N. Ischuk Working programm Chit. chapters of the novel. Comparative characteristic Oblomov And Stolz 22 The theme of love in the novel ... Oblomov "Ind. set. " Comparative characteristic Ilyinskaya and Pshenitsyna" 23 ... Q. 10 p. 307. Comparative characteristic A. Bolkonsky and P. Bezukhov... Calendar thematic planning 1o class textbook Yu. V. Lebedev 3 hours a week. Total 102 hours Lesson Image Oblomov, the formation of his character, lifestyle, ideals. be able to compose characteristic... until the end of 52 Oblomov and Stolz. Comparative characteristic To make a plan comparative characteristics Oblomov And Stolz. Know how to express your thoughts...

Literature - 10th grade.

Lesson topic: “Oblomov and Stolz. Comparative characteristics"

(based on the novel by I.A. Goncharov "Oblomov")

The objectives of the lesson: to identify the features of the author's position through a comparison of the characters (Oblomov and Stolz); develop the skills of characterization of literary characters, research skills, logical thinking; educate a thoughtful reader, enrich the speech of students.

Lesson equipment: portrait of I.A. Goncharov, text of I.A. Goncharov’s novel “Oblomov”, (presentation); notebooks for works on literature, illustrations.

Students should know:

The content of the novel by I.A. Goncharov "Oblomov";

The main idea of ​​the work;

main images.

Students should be able to:

Correctly answer the questions posed by the teacher;

Summarize and systematize educational material;

Improve your writing skills;

Draw conclusions and link them into a monologue statement.

During the classes.

IOrganizational moment.

IIImplementation of d.z. (I.A. Goncharov "Oblomov", The image of Stolz in the novel: family, upbringing, education, portrait features, lifestyle, value orientations (part 2,

chapters 1 - 4. Compare the character of Stolz with the character of Oblomov)

IIIMessage about the topic and purpose of the lesson.

IVPreparation for the perception of the work. Lesson plan work.

1. Introductory speech.

Good afternoon guys! The study of the novel by I.A. Goncharov makes us talk about the meaning of life, about the purpose of a person ... Pay attention to the topic of the lesson (recording the topic in notebooks).

Work plan:

1. The image of Stolz in the novel: family, upbringing, education, portrait features, lifestyle, value orientations (part 2, chapters 1 - 4)

2. Build and write down a chain of keywords that reveal the character of Stolz, Oblomov (checking homework)

3. Compare the character of Stolz with the character of Oblomov:

You need to compare these characters, find out how they are similar and how they differ from each other.

Today we will consider one of the problematic issues of the work:

- Ilya Oblomov and Andrey Stolz ... who are they - twins or antipodes?

Let's define the lexical meaning of the words antipode and double

2. Vocabulary work.

Antipode - (Greek antipodes - turned feet to feet). 1. only pl. Inhabitants of two opposite points of the earth, two opposite ends of one of the diameters of the globe (geographic). 2. someone or something. A person of opposite properties, tastes or beliefs (book). He is his perfect antipode, or he is his perfect antipode.

Double - a person who has a complete resemblance to another (both about a man and a woman).

What is your perception about Oblomov and Stolz?

Teacher: Our acquaintance with Oblomov has already taken place in previous lessons. We found out that our hero is slow, lazy, not focused. Let's give him a more detailed description. (student answers)

(We learn about Stolz in the first part of the novel, before he appears before the readers, that is, in absentia:

In connection with Oblomov's guests, who Ilya Ilyich "does not like", in contrast to his childhood friend Andrei Ivanovich Stolz, whom he "loved sincerely";

In connection with the dreams of the protagonist, where Stolz, who knew and appreciated the best qualities of Ilya Ilyich, was an integral part of the pictures of a happy life on the estate, full of love, poetry, friendly feelings and peace;

Stolz also appears in Oblomov's Dream, fitting into the idyllic, sweet and at the same time mysterious atmosphere of childhood, which shaped the hero.

Teacher: The unexpected appearance of the hero at the end of the first part and chapters 1-2 of the second part tell about Stolz.

3. Frames from the film "A Few Days in the Life of I.I. Oblomov"

(meeting of Oblomov and Stolz).

We see that these two people, they are real friends. But these characters are different, dissimilar. Together with the author, we will use a method of characterizing a hero known in the literature - a comparative characteristic. Before you is a worksheet that contains the criteria for upbringing, the purpose of life, the content of activities, attitudes towards women, their family life and life position. In the conclusion column, we will make entries ourselves when we consider all these criteria, comparing the main characters.

4. Consider all the features of the heroes.

(Student answers: Oblomov and Stolz).

Comparative characteristics

Oblomov

Stolz

Appearance

Origin

Upbringing

Education

Pledged program

Outlook on life

The purpose of life

Friendship

Perception of life

love test

a) Appearance: ( when they are presented to the reader)

- What does I.A. Goncharov draw our attention to when describing the appearance of the characters?

“... about thirty-two or three years old, of medium height, pleasant appearance, with dark gray eyes, but with the absence of any definite idea, ... an even light of carelessness glimmered all over his face”, Oblomov’s peer, “thin, his cheeks are almost completely no, ... the complexion is even, swarthy and no blush; eyes, although a little greenish, but expressive "

b) Origin:

…

…a native of the bourgeois class (his father left Germany, wandered around Switzerland and settled in Russia, becoming the manager of the estate). Sh. brilliantly graduates from the university, serves with success, retires to do his own thing; makes a house and money. He is a member of a trading company that sends goods abroad; as an agent of the company, Sh. travels to Belgium, England, throughout Russia. Sh.'s image is built on the basis of the idea of ​​balance, the harmonic correspondence of the physical and spiritual, mind and feelings, suffering and pleasure. Sh.'s ideal is measure and harmony in work, life, rest, love.(or .. from a poor family: his father (a Russified German) was the manager of a rich estate, his mother was an impoverished Russian noblewoman. Half Russian, not a nobleman.

c) Education.

- What education did I. Oblomov and A. Stolz receive? Tell about it.

Parents wanted to give Ilyusha all the benefits “somehow cheaper, with various tricks.” Parents taught him to idleness and peace (they didn’t let him pick up a dropped thing, get dressed, pour water for himself) labor in the block was a punishment, it was believed that it was the stigma of slavery. in the family there was a cult of food, and after eating - a sound sleep.

Oblomov was not even allowed outside. "What about the servants?" Soon, Ilya himself realized that ordering was calmer and more convenient. A dexterous, mobile child is constantly stopped by parents and a nanny for fear that the boy will “fall, hurt himself” or catch a cold, he was cherished like a hothouse flower. "Seeking manifestations of power turned inward and drooped, withering." (Oblomov)

His father gave him the upbringing that he received from his father: he taught him all the practical sciences, forced him to work early, and sent his son, who had graduated from the university, away from him. his father taught him that the main thing in life is money, rigor and accuracy ... (Stoltz)

Name the episodes, scenes that clearly illustrate how Stolz's childhood passed, how the process of his upbringing went.

Reading the episode (Farewell of Stolz with his father) by roles.

What impression does this scene make on you?

How can you comment on this?

What did his father teach him? What did A. Stolz feel?

Goncharov creates Stolz, involuntarily starting from Oblomov, as an antipode to the main character; Stolz is different.

His upbringing is labor, practical, he was brought up by life itself (cf .: “If Oblomov’s son disappeared ...”).

A special conversation is required: the attitude of the mother; mother and father; Oblomovka, the prince's castle, as a result of which “bursh did not work”, which replaced the “narrow German gauge” with a “wide road”.

Stolz - Stolz ("proud"). Does he live up to his name?

Worksheet (at the bottom of the column: "Education", indicate the antipode).

d).Education:

…studied in a small boarding school, located five miles from Oblomovka, in the village of Verkhlev. Both graduated from Moscow University.

From the age of eight, he sat with his father at a geographical map, dismantled the warehouses of Herder, Wieland, biblical verses and summed up the illiterate accounts of peasants, burghers and factory workers, and read sacred history with his mother, taught Krylov's fables and disassembled Telemachus from the warehouses.

On the basis of upbringing and education, a certain program was laid.

What is it like for Oblomov and Stolz?

d) The embedded program.

Oblomov

Dream. Vegetation and sleep - a passive beginning found consolation in his favorite "conciliatory and soothing" words "maybe", "maybe" and "somehow" and protected himself from misfortunes with them. He was ready to shift the case to anyone, not caring about its outcome and the decency of the chosen person (this is how he trusted the swindlers who robbed his estate).

“Ilya Ilich’s lying down was neither a necessity, like a sick person or a person who wants to sleep, nor an accident, like someone who is tired, nor a pleasure, like a lazy person: this was his normal state.”

What was Stoltz most afraid of?

Justifying their answers with text, students say that dreams, imagination (“optical illusion”, as Stolz said) were his enemies. He controlled his life and had a “real outlook on life” (cf. Oblomov).

Stolz

Stolz was afraid to dream, his happiness was in constancy, energy and vigorous activity were an active principle.

“He is constantly on the move: if the society needs to send an agent to Belgium or England, they send him; you need to write some project or adapt a new idea to the case - choose it. Meanwhile, he travels to the world and reads: when he has time - God knows.

- What does life mean and what is the purpose of a person, according to Stolz?

Students: “To live the four seasons, that is, four ages, without jumps and carry the vessel of life to the last day, without spilling a single drop in vain ...” (compare with Oblomov, whose ideal is ...in peace and enjoyment ; see about Oblomov's dreams in the 8th chapter of the first part).

Teacher: 3-4 chapters of the second part. The role of these chapters in the novel. A conversation is a dispute where the views, positions of the characters collided.

The essence of the dispute - HOW TO LIVE?!

- How does a dispute arise?(Oblomov's dissatisfaction with the empty life of society.)

This is not life!

- When does a dispute occur?(The labor path: Stolz's disagreement with the ideal of a friend, because this is “Oblomovism”; the ideal of the lost paradise, drawn by Oblomov, and labor as “the image, content, element and goal of life.”)

(Physical education minute)

Introduction to the meaning of life.

Stills from the film "A Few Days in the Life of I.I. Oblomov" ( second monologue. Oblomov's confession, p. 166. “Do you know, Andrey…”)

In what context does the conversation take place?

What is I. Oblomov talking about?

How did each of the characters come to light in the dispute?

f) Outlook on life

Oblomov

“Life: life is good!” Oblomov says, “What is there to look for? interests of the mind, heart? Just look where is the center around which all this revolves: it is not there, there is nothing deep that touches the living. All these are the dead, sleeping people, worse than me, these members of the world and society! ... Don't they sleep sitting all their lives? How am I more guilty than them, lying at home and not infecting my head with triples and jacks?

Stolz.

g) Purpose of life

Live life happily; so she doesn't touch. (Oblomov)

“Labor is the image, content, element and purpose of life, at least mine.” (Stoltz)

g) Perception of life

Oblomov wants to do what his soul and heart desires, even if the mind is against it; never bother. (Oblomov)

Stolz wants to have a “simple, that is, direct, real view of life - that was his constant task ...”, “Above all, he put perseverance in achieving goals ...”, “... he will measure the abyss or wall, and if there is no sure means to overcome, he will leave."

- With which of the characters and at what stage of the dispute are you ready to agree?

- Is there one answer to this question?

(During the argument, the guys come to the conclusion that both principles have a right to exist.)

Teacher: In conversations (disputes), the author often gives the last word to Stolz, but one gets the feeling that he cannot outguess Oblomov. Why? He can't even when he has the last word. Inwardly, we feel, we understand that Stolz cannot break Oblomov's resistance (remember the episode of the night dinner when Stolz gives up and sits down with Oblomov and Zakhar - there are stills from the film.).

Whose philosophy is positive and constructive?

Compare the character of Stolz with the character of Oblomov:

Oblomov

Stolz

Peace (apathy)

"...he is constantly on the move..."

Sleep (inactivity)

"the balance of practical aspects with the subtle needs of the spirit"

Dream - "shell, self-deception"

"he was afraid of any dream, ... he wanted to see the ideal of being and the aspirations of a person in a strict understanding and administration of life"

Fear of circumstances

"Attributed the cause of all sufferingyourself"

The aimlessness of existence

“Above all, he put perseverance in achieving goals” (Stoltz)

Labor is a punishment

“Labor is an image, element, content, purpose of life” (Stolz)

Make a conclusion about , at what levels, in what details

- Isn't Stoltz too positive in his views?

Or maybe Oblomov is right: people who are looking for meaning in secular life are dead people, such a life is a useless fuss. Why is he lying on the couch worse?!

Is the poetic perception of Oblomov's life the refinement of the hero's soul, "subtle poetic nature" or a way to hide from reality?

The strength and weakness of the characters of Oblomov and Stolz: a hero and circumstances, a false and positive meaning of existence?

Outcome:

- Whose position do you consider acceptable for yourself?

(Argument. What values ​​(which of the characters) will you take into your life baggage?)

- What were our heroes like in love? Have you passed the test of love or not?

Student responses:

Oblomov and Stolz

Oblomov abandoned love. He chose peace. “Life is poetry. It is free for people to distort it.” He was frightened, he needed love not equal in rights, but maternal (such as Agafya Pshenitsyna gave him).

Stolz he loved not with his heart, but with his mind “he developed for himself the conviction that love, with the power of the Archimedean lever, moves the world; that there is so much universal, irrefutable truth and goodness in it, as there are lies and ugliness in its misunderstanding and abuse. He needs a woman equal in views and strength (Olga Ilyinskaya). I am glad that I met her abroad, I am glad that she listens to him and does not even notice that sometimes she does not understand Olga's sadness.

- How do we see our heroes in friendship and in relation to others?

(Student answers: Oblomov and Stolz)

h) Friendship

- On the basis of all that has been said, we will give a description of Oblomov and Stolz.

Characteristics of heroes:

Oblomov and Stolz

1. Oblomov. A kind, lazy person is most worried about his own peace. For him, happiness is complete peace and good food. He spends his life on the couch without taking off his comfortable dressing gown, does nothing, is not interested in anything, loves to withdraw into himself and live in the world of dreams and dreams he created, the amazing childish purity of his soul and introspection, worthy of a philosopher, the embodiment of gentleness and meekness.

2. Stolz . Strong and smart, he is in constant activity and does not shun the most menial work, thanks to his hard work, willpower, patience and enterprise, he became a rich and famous person. A real "iron" character has formed, but in some way it resembles a car, a robot, so clearly programmed, verified and calculated all his life before us is a rather dry rationalist.

The answer to the problematic question: Oblomov and Stolz - twins or antipodes? (student's words).

V Summarizing.

Yes, Goncharov wanted to oppose the inactive Oblomov with the practical and businesslike Stolz, who, in his opinion, was supposed to break the "Oblomovism" and revive the hero. But the novel has a different ending. It is at the end of the work that the attitude of the author to the hero is manifested.

- Let's remember what the heroes of the novel come to?

Oblomov dies, leaving his son.

Pshenitsyna is ready to do everything for the sake of Oblomov and even gives her son to be raised by her brother, considering this a boon for her son.

Olga is very ill (there is not enough Oblomov), there is no love, and without it life is meaningless.

Andrey Stoltz is also devastated, he feels bad without a friend, Oblomov was a “heart of gold” for him.

So, as a result, all the heroes came to the same "Oblomovism"!

Teacher: Guys! Prepare yourself now for further adult independent life. Take energy, intelligence, determination, strength of character, prudence, will into your life baggage from Stolz, but do not forget about the soul, taking kindness, honesty, tenderness, romance from Ilya Oblomov. And remember the words of N.V. Gogol “Take with you on the road, leaving the soft youthful years in a harsh, hardening courage, take away all human movements, do not leave them on the road, you will not raise them later!”

VI . Homework :

Roman I.A. Goncharova "Oblomov":

Individual tasks:

1.. The story about O. Ilyinskaya (ch.5)

2. Development of relations between Oblomov and Olga (Ch. 6-12)

3. The image of Pshenitsyna (part 3), a new apartment on the Vyborg side near Pshenitsyna.

Ratings

Oblomov and Stolz).

Comparative characteristics

Oblomov

Stolz

Appearance

“... about thirty-two or three years old, of medium height, pleasant appearance, with dark gray eyes, but with the absence of any definite idea, ... an even light of carelessness glimmered all over his face”

the same age as Oblomov, “thin, he has almost no cheeks at all, ... his complexion is even, swarthy and no blush; eyes, although a little greenish, but expressive "

Origin

from a wealthy noble family with patriarchal traditions. his parents, like grandfathers, did nothing: serfs worked for them. A truly Russian man, a nobleman.

…from a poor family: his father (a Russified German) was the manager of a rich estate, his mother was an impoverished Russian noblewoman

Upbringing

his parents accustomed him to idleness and peace (they did not allow him to pick up a dropped thing, dress, pour water for himself), labor in the block was a punishment, it was believed that it was stigmatized by slavery. in the family there was a cult of food, and after eating - a sound sleep.

his father gave him the upbringing that he received from his father: he taught him all the practical sciences, forced him to work early, and sent his son, who had graduated from the university, away from him. his father taught him that the main thing in life is money, strictness and accuracy.

Education

…studied in a small boarding school, located five miles from Oblomovka, in the village of Verkhlev. Both graduated from Moscow University

Pledged program

… Vegetation and sleep are a passive beginning

From the age of eight, he sat with his father at a geographical map, disassembled Herder, Wieland, biblical verses into warehouses and summed up the illiterate accounts of peasants, burghers and factory workers, and read sacred history with his mother, taught Krylov's fables and disassembled Telemak in warehouses.

… energy and vigorous activity are the active principle.

Outlook on life

“Life: life is good!” Oblomov says, “What is there to look for? interests of the mind, heart? Just look where is the center around which all this revolves: it is not there, there is nothing deep that touches the living. All these are the dead, sleeping people, worse than me, these members of the world and society! ... Don't they sleep sitting all their lives? How am I more guilty than them, lying at home and not infecting my head with triples and jacks?

Stolz learns life, asks her: “What to do? Where to go next? » And goes! Without Oblomov...

The purpose of life

Live life happily; so she doesn't touch.

“Labor is the image, content, element and purpose of life, at least mine.”

Friendship

There are acquaintances, but there is not a single true friend, except for Stolz.

Stolz always and everywhere had a lot of friends - people were drawn to him. But he felt closeness only to people-personalities, sincere and decent.

Perception of life

Fluctuating - from “a pleasant gift for enjoyment” to “sticks like bullies: it will pinch on the sly, then it will suddenly swoop right from the forehead and sprinkle sand ... there is no urine!”

Oblomov wants to do what his soul and heart desires, even if the mind is against it; never bother.

Life is happiness in work; life without work is not life; “…“life touches!” "And thank God!" Stoltz said.

Stoltz wants to have a “simple, that is, direct, real view of life - that was his constant task ...”, “Above all, he put perseverance in achieving goals ...”, “... he will measure the abyss or wall, and if there is no sure means to overcome, he will leave."

love test

he needs love, not equal in rights, but maternal (such as Agafya Pshenitsyna gave him)

he needs a woman equal in views and strength (Olga Ilyinskaya)

Comparative characteristics

Oblomov

Stolz

Appearance

Origin

Upbringing

Education

Pledged program

Outlook on life

The purpose of life

Friendship

Perception of life

love test