Polovtsov Petr Alexandrovich Orthodox. From the nobles. Son of actual secret councilor of state secretary A.A. Polovtsova and N.M. Juneeva - pupil of Baron A.L. Stieglitz, illegitimate daughter led. book Mikhail Pavlovich; his parents are among the richest people in Russia. He received his education at the Historical and Philological Institute. Entered service on September 1, 1897. Served in the 44th drag. Nizhny Novgorod regiment. Passed the officer's exam at the Nikolaev Cavalry. school (1899). Defined by Cornet (Art. 04/30/1899) in the l-guards. Grodno Hussar Regiment. Lieutenant (Article 08/08/1902). Graduated from the Nikolaev General Staff Academy (1904; 1st category). Staff Captain (?) Guards. with renaming to Captains of the General Staff (Art. 05/31/1904). Participant in the Russo-Japanese War of 1904-05. In 1904-1905, staff officer of the 1st Siberian Army. housings. Art. adjutant of the headquarters of the 1st cavalry. corps (10.06.-20.12.1905). Art. adjutant of the headquarters of the 37th Infantry. divisions (12/20/1905-12/20/1906). He was seconded to the GUGSh (12/20/1906-12/12/1907). Art. adjutant of the headquarters of the 1st cavalry. divisions (12.12.1907-29.01.1909). He served his senior command of the company in the 1st Turkestan infantry battalion (01/03/1908-01/03/1909). Art. adjutant of the headquarters of the 2nd Guards. infantry divisions (29.01.-26.11.1909). Lieutenant Colonel (03/29/1909). Was at the disposal of the Chief of the General Staff (11/26/1909-02/27/1911). S. 02/27/1911 in the reserve of the General Staff. Assistant to the Manager of the Cabinet of His Imperial Majesty. World War participant. Conscripted into service (VP 08/23/1914) with appointment as commander of the Tatar Cavalry Regiment (Caucasian Native Cavalry Division - “Wild Division”; from 08/23/1914). For the battle on 02/15/1915 near the village of Brun, he was awarded the Order of St. George, 4th degree (VP 10/17/1915). Colonel (07/16/1915; art. 02/15/1915; for distinction in affairs...) with confirmation as commander of the same regiment. On 01/01/1916 in the same rank and position. Chief of Staff of the Caucasian Native Cavalry Division (from 02/25/1916), which was commanded by Vel. book Mikhail Alexandrovich. On 07/15/1916, near the village of Ezeran, he overthrew the enemy with a dashing attack, for which he was awarded the Arms of St. George (PAF 08/30/1917). Major General (04/07/1917; art. 02/15/1917; based on the Statute of St. George). 05/22/1917 appointed commander-in-chief of the troops of the Petrograd Military District. He led the dispersal of the demonstration on July 4, 1917. On July 12, 1917, under public pressure, he was removed from office and transferred to the disposal of the Minister of War. 09/02/1917 appointed commander of the Caucasian Native Cavalry Corps, which was redeployed to the North Caucasus. Lieutenant General (pr. 09.09.1917; according to the List of General Staff for 03/01/1918 - 04/07/1917). Military governor of the Terek region and commander of the troops there (from 10/20/1917). From 11.1917 to 01.1918 commander-in-chief of the troops of the Terek-Dagestan region. In 12.1917 he attempted to form the Kabardian Cavalry Regiment in Essentuki. He emigrated to France, where he headed the Russian. section of the Union of French combatants. Died in Monte Carlo. Awards: Order of St. Vladimir, 4th class. with swords and bow (1906); St. Anne 3rd Art. with swords and bow (1906); St. Anne 2nd Art. with swords (VP 02/09/1915); St. Stanislaus 2nd Art. with swords (VP 09.09.1915); St. Vladimir 3rd Art. with swords (06/02/1916). Works: Author of the memoirs “Days of the Eclipse” (Paris, b/g).
(1874-06-11 )United Kingdom United Kingdom
troops of the Petrograd Military District,
Caucasian Native Horse Corps
Biography
He received his education at the St. Petersburg Philological Gymnasium (1890-1892) and.
Beginning of a military career
He entered service on September 1, 1897 as a volunteer in the 44th Nizhny Novgorod Dragoon Regiment. In 1899, he passed the officer's exam at the Nikolaev Cavalry School and was appointed a cornet in the Life Guards Grodno Hussar Regiment.
Russo-Japanese War
Since December 20, 1905 - senior adjutant of the headquarters of the 37th Infantry Division.
From December 20, 1906 to December 12, 1907, he was seconded to the Main Directorate of the General Staff. He asked to be appointed as a military agent in India, but did not receive this position. He retired and traveled around India, where his brother A. A. Polovtsov was the Russian Consul General in Bombay. The meeting with Polovtsov in India is mentioned in the memoirs of diplomat S.V. Chirkin:
| These were Captain of the General Staff P.A. Polovtsov, Life Hussar Lieutenant Count Osten-Sacken, Horse Guards Lieutenant Count Bennigsen. All three came to India to hunt and had just returned from Ceylon, where, it seems, they hunted elephants quite successfully... Of the three hunting officers, Osten-Sacken and Bennigsen left India by a long sea route soon after my arrival. Only A. A. Polovtsov’s brother P. A. Polovtsov remained in India, who at that time was in Kashmir, waiting for M. S. Andreev, with whom he returned to Russia (1907) by land through the Karakorum and Pamirs to our Turkestan. |
From January 3, 1908 to January 3, 1909, he passed qualification command of a company in the 1st Turkestan Rifle Battalion. Since January 29 - senior adjutant of the headquarters of the 2nd Guards Infantry Division. Lieutenant Colonel.
when Kerensky needed “his” generals, he found them among the “umbrellas”: Engelhardt, as a member of the State Duma, turned out to be the commandant of the Tauride Palace; Polovtsev - Commander-in-Chief of the Petrograd Military District; Marushevsky - chief of the general staff; Goleevsky - Quartermaster General...
During the July Bolshevik uprising, he led its suppression and subsequent destruction of the editorial office of the Bolshevik newspaper Pravda. On September 2, 1917 (after Kornilov’s speech, with which he sympathized) he was appointed commander of the Caucasian Native Cavalry Corps. On September 9, 1917, he was promoted to lieutenant general. Since October 20, 1917, military governor and commander of the Terek region. In February 1918, he left the Caucasus to continue participating in the Great War (the Bolshevik government concluded a truce with the Central Powers) on the side of the British in
Polovtsov Petr Alexandrovich
Preface
MEMOIRS OF GENERAL P. A. POLOTSEV: 1917 IN THE HISTORY OF THE FATHERLAND
Pyotr Aleksandrovich Polovtsov was born into the family of a major official, an actual privy councilor who held the position of Secretary of State. He graduated from high school and the Faculty of History and Philology of St. Petersburg University. In 1897, he was called up for active military service, which he served in the 44th Nizhny Novgorod, then in the Grodno Hussar Regiment. The career of a civil official did not appeal to him, and he decided to remain in the army. In 1899, Polovtsov took the exam at the Nikolaev Cavalry School, and in 1901–1904. studies at the Nikolaev Academy of the General Staff, where he completes his military education.
Soon after the start of the Russo-Japanese War, Polovtsov was assigned to the General Staff and sent to the active army. The young officer holds a number of staff positions in the 2nd, then 3rd Siberian Army Corps, and serves as senior adjutant of the 1st Cavalry Corps. In subsequent years, until the beginning of the First World War, Polovtsov served in the capital, in the Main Directorate of the General Staff. Here he met some young officers who dreamed of reforming the Russian army and were nicknamed “Young Turks” for this. This was the name in Europe for the members of the Turkish bourgeois-nationalist organization that led the struggle against feudal absolutism and came to power as a result of the revolution of 1908, as a result of which a constitutional monarchy was proclaimed in Turkey. Polovtsov worked closely with many “Young Turks” - officers of the General Staff - as commander-in-chief of the troops of the Petrograd Military District in 1917.
With the beginning of the First World War, P. A. Polovtsov was appointed commander of the Tatar regiment and sent to the front. Since February 1915, he commanded the 2nd brigade of the Caucasian native division. A year later he becomes chief of staff of the 2nd Caucasian Corps. Polovtsov talks about his further military career in his memoirs. For distinction in battles, he was awarded the Order of St. Vladimir, 4th degree (with swords and bow), St. Anna, 4th degree (with the inscription “for bravery”), St. Stanislav, 3rd degree (with swords and bow ), St. George, 4th degree, had a number of foreign orders: the Persian Order of the Lion and the Sun, 4th degree, the Chinese Order of the Double Dragon, 2nd degree, etc.
In his views, P. A. Polovtsov was close to the famous general L. G. Kornilov - he was skeptical of members of the Provisional Government, was a strong supporter of establishing “order,” and did not hide his hostility towards the Soviets, social democrats and socialist revolutionaries. This is reflected in the pages of memoirs. In our opinion, Polovtsov did not understand the true reasons for the radicalization of the masses in 1917, their sympathy for the Bolsheviks, interpreting this process only as the machinations of Russia’s opponents.
After the February Revolution, the Russian liberal intelligentsia came to power, having previously succeeded in criticizing the existing political system and greatly contributed to the collapse of the Russian Empire. This long-term criticism could not help but shape a certain public opinion, which, after the February Revolution, was quickly felt by the Provisional Government. After all, any decision of the new government was still taken under suspicion, they looked for a catch, a secret meaning, and thought about whether to implement it or not. The Soviets of Workers' and Soldiers' Deputies, which arose already in the days of the revolution, not only commented on the decisions of the Provisional Government in a very unique way, but also often made their own decisions that ran counter to the activities of the Cabinet of Ministers.
In the fall of 1917, already on the eve of a new revolution, the newspaper “Novoye Vremya” stated: “Not a day goes by without the government declaring this or that province or some city under martial law. Resolutions on this are made at meetings of the Provisional Government, hastily communicated by telegraph to the destination and... that’s where it all ends... It has no moral authority, and it has no apparatus for physical influence. It cannot force itself to be obeyed. At best, it can enter into negotiations with those who want to talk to it.” And here is a sketch from life given by the author of memoirs about the so-called “Shlisselburg State”: “It was announced that each volost, like an American state, is an independent unit, and the Union Congress will meet in Shlisselburg. At the first meeting of the Congress, it was found out that the entire amount of state income of the United States was equal to 150 thousand rubles. Each people's representative, both in the administration of individual states and in the central Congress, was entitled to a salary of 5 thousand a year, which just covered the entire amount of income. And with such a simple budget, the republic began to act.” Note that all this happened less than a hundred miles from Petrograd.
Pyotr Alexandrovich Polovtsov(Also Polovtsev) (1874, Tsarskoe Selo - 1964, Monte Carlo) - Russian military leader, military orientalist, lieutenant general, author of a number of military orientalist works.
Biography
Born on May 30 (June 11), 1874 in Tsarskoe Selo. From the nobles. The son of the actual secret adviser to the Secretary of State Alexander Alexandrovich Polovtsov and Nadezhda Mikhailovna Iyuneva, a pupil of Baron A.L. Stieglitz, illegitimate daughter of Grand Duke Mikhail Pavlovich, brother of Russian diplomat Alexander Alexandrovich Polovtsov and astronomer Nadezhda Alexandrovna Bobrinskaya (nee Polovtsova).
He received his education at the St. Petersburg Philological Gymnasium (1890-1892) and the Mining Institute.
Beginning of a military career
He entered service on September 1, 1897 as a volunteer in the 44th Nizhny Novgorod Dragoon Regiment. In 1899, he passed the officer exam at the Nikolaev Cavalry School and was appointed a cornet in the Life Guards Grodno Hussar Regiment.
In 1902 he was promoted to lieutenant. After graduating from the Nikolaev Academy of the General Staff in 1904 with the 1st category, Captain Polovtsov was renamed captain of the General Staff.
Russo-Japanese War
Participant in the Russian-Japanese War. In 1904-1905 staff officer of the 1st Siberian Army Corps.
From December 20, 1906 to December 12, 1907, he was seconded to the Main Directorate of the General Staff. He asked to be appointed as a military agent in India, but did not receive this position. He retired and traveled around India, where his brother A. A. Polovtsov was the Russian Consul General in Bombay. The meeting with Polovtsov in India is mentioned in the memoirs of diplomat S.V. Chirkin:
From January 3, 1908 to January 3, 1909, he passed qualification command of a company in the 1st Turkestan Rifle Battalion. Since January 29 - senior adjutant of the headquarters of the 2nd Guards Infantry Division. Lieutenant colonel.
In 1909 he was sent to Beijing as part of an emergency embassy. From November 26, 1909 to February 27, 1911, he was at the disposal of the Chief of the General Staff. Since February 27, 1911 in the reserve of the General Staff. Assistant to the Manager of the Cabinet of His Imperial Majesty. Was at the disposal of the Chief of the General Staff (11/26/1909-02/27/1911).
First World War
With the outbreak of the First World War he returned to military service. On August 23, 1914, he was appointed commander of the Tatar Cavalry Regiment. On February 15, 1915, he was promoted to colonel. By the highest order of October 17, 1915, he was awarded the Order of St. George, 4th degree, for “in the battle near the village. On February 15, 1915, Brin attacked the Austrians in the forest, knocked them out of a number of trenches and, despite the envelopment of his left flank and twice repeated permission to withdraw, stubbornly held on to the captured place and with his tenacity made it possible to defeat the column of Austrians going around the right flank, which made it easier to take the village. Brin."
From February 25, 1916, Chief of Staff of the Caucasian Native Cavalry Division. On July 15, 1916, with a dashing attack, he overthrew the enemy near the village of Ezeran, for which he was awarded the Arms of St. George. Major General since 1917.
Revolution of 1917
Participant of the February Revolution. During the revolution he was on vacation in Petrograd. He was summoned to the Duma, where he participated in the work of the military commission. In April 1917 he returned to the front. On May 22, 1917, he was appointed commander-in-chief of the troops of the Petrograd Military District, replacing General L. G. Kornilov.