Description of the presentation for individual slides:
1 slide
Slide Description:
Preparation for composition - description based on the painting by Y. Raksha "Seeing off the militia" Triptych "Kulikovo Field" Tishkova SA Teacher of Russian language and literature MBOU Alexandrovskaya secondary school 2017
2 slide
Slide Description:
The triptych "Kulikovo Field" is the last painting by Yuri Raksha, written in 1980. It was dedicated to the six hundredth anniversary of the Battle of Kulikovo. In the center of the triptych is the painting "Anticipation". Left - "Blessing for battle". Right - "Seeing off the militia"
3 slide
Slide Description:
"Blessing for the Battle" On the left side of the triptych - an event that takes place a few weeks before the Battle of Manovets, outside the Trinity Monastery. In the center of the composition is Sergiy of Radonezh - the prince's spiritual mentor, the main guardian for Russia and its statehood, its unification. The last blessing, the last bow.
4 slide
Slide Description:
Imminence Prince Dmitry and his comrades, illuminated by the first rays of the sun, peer over to where Mamai's troops are. Mists are still spreading in the lowlands, the tall autumn grass is still full of dew, and the squads have already lined up in battle formations
5 slide
Slide Description:
"Seeing Off the Militia" The second name of the painting "Seeing Off the Militia" is "Crying Women" And they are in the foreground of the picture. Warriors who go to battle seem to be covered with fog, they proudly and majestically march to war in order to accomplish their feat. And their women - loved ones, mothers, sisters, children and old people stay at home. They know that their men have gone to certain death, and they see them off with tears in their eyes and pain in their hearts. This pain and sorrow for some time united the rich and the poor, the nobility and the peasants, those in power and their servants. The canvas depicts the complete unity of these unfortunate women, seeing off those they love.
6 slide
Slide Description:
"Seeing Off the Militia" In the foreground is the wife of Dmitry Donskoy - Grand Duchess Evdokia. Soon she will have a child, next to her are her children - her son, his head bowed, he also feels the tragedy of what is happening; the daughter looks with interest at the departing soldiers, she is still not aware of the tragedy of the situation from an early age. Next to her, exhausted, another woman sank to the ground, tired of worries, she did not even have time to tie a scarf on her head and only closed her eyes, praying to heaven that they would keep her husband alive. Somewhere older women are standing, they have repeatedly escorted their men to the war, so now they only slightly wipe away their tears and hope that they will return home again. And then the elder shouts something to the men leaving for the battle, admonishes them, gives advice ...
7 slide
Slide Description:
"Seeing off the militia" The trouble united all people belonging to different strata of society. Women with children and old people were left alone and it is not known when the men will return home. And not all will return, and women will mourn the lost relatives and friends. They can't do anything, and they don't even try to stop someone. Women understand that their husbands and sons go to protect, first of all, them, the elderly, children, as well as the city from the encroachment of enemies. They all huddled together on this sunny day, supporting each other, giving each other strength to wait for those they love. They can only bless for the battle and wait for their victorious return home. Each of them hopes that trouble will bypass her and she will wait for her husband, son, brother, father. And each will ask the Almighty for the salvation of their loved ones
8 slide
Slide Description:
Questions for discussion: Why was it important for the artist to show the people's militia? Why are women, old people, children depicted in the foreground? Why did the artist depict this moment, and not the battle itself? Which hero is pitying? Why?
9 slide
Slide Description:
The plan of the composition-description I. About the Kulikovo battle (information from history). II. Description of the painting: 1) the image of the princess (appearance, clothing); 2) images of women surrounding the princess; 3) children; 4) the day on which everything happens; 5) the colors used by the artist. III. Aspirations (hopes) of Russian women.
10 slide
Slide Description:
Date: 14th century, 1380, September, 08
Description:
The battle of the Russian troops under the leadership of the Grand Duke of Vladimir and Moscow Dmitry Ivanovich with the Mongol-Tatars, led by the actual ruler of the Golden Horde Temnik Mamai.
In the summer of 1380, Dmitry Ivanovich, having learned about the movement of the Horde army to Moscow, appealed for the collection of the Russian militia to repulse the enemy. In Kolomna (the headquarters of Dmitry Ivanovich), up to 200,000 soldiers gathered, the main core of whom were Muscovites, as well as Ukrainian and Belarusian troops. The plan of the campaign was to cross the Oka and move to meet the enemy towards the upper Don, instead of defensively on the Oka River, where Mamai could unite with his ally, the Lithuanian prince Yagailo. The Russian army for the battle with Mamai was blessed by the Monk Sergius of Radonezh, the founder and abbot of the Trinity-Sergius Monastery.
On the morning of September 8, 1380, Russian regiments crossed from the left to the right bank of the Don at the confluence of the Nepryadva River and settled on the Kulikovo field. In front was the Advanced Regiment, behind it was the Big Regiment, next to the flanks of the Right and Left Hand regiments, behind them was the reserve (cavalry). In the nearby forest ("in the oak grove") an ambush regiment is located, led by Prince Vladimir Andreevich Brave and boyar Dmitry Bobrok-Volynsky. The passage of the Don meant Dmitry Ivanovich's determination to fight to the end, since the possibility of retreat was greatly complicated by the fact that in the rear of the Russian army there were the Don and Nepryadva rivers, as well as deep ravines. At the same time, this position made it difficult to outflank the Tatar-Mongol cavalry. Mamai's army stood in a deployed formation without reserves, in the first line there were cavalry, in the second - infantry.
The battle began with a duel between two heroes Peresvet and Chelubey. Both died in this duel. Immediately after the death of the combatants, the Tatar cavalry, crushing the Advanced Regiment, began to press the Big Regiment. The Russian army suffered heavy losses. In the first minutes of the battle, boyar Mikhail Brenok, who fought in the Great Regiment in the armor of the Grand Duke and under his banner, was killed. Dmitry Ivanovich, dressed as an ordinary soldier, fought in the ranks of the same regiment. The onslaught of the Mongol-Tatars in the center was delayed by the introduction of the reserve. Mamai shifted the main blow to the left flank and began to press the Russian regiments. An unexpected powerful blow by the fresh forces of the Ambush Regiment to the rear and flank of the Tatar-Mongol army and the offensive of other Russian regiments led to a crushing defeat of the Mamayeva army, the remnants of which the Russian regiments pursued and destroyed for 50 miles from the Kulikovo field.
The Battle of Kulikovo was of historical significance in the struggle of the Russian and other peoples against the Tatar-Mongol yoke. Although it did not lead to the elimination of the Mongol-Tatar yoke in Russia, however, on the Kulikovo field a strong blow was struck against the domination of the Golden Horde, which accelerated its subsequent disintegration.
An essay based on a painting by the remarkable Russian artist Yu.M. Rakshi (1937-1980) "Seeing Off the Militia" develops the creative abilities of students, their research skills, fosters patriotic and aesthetic feelings. The essay is written in grade 8.
Composition based on the painting "Seeing Off the Militia". 8th grade
Yuri Mikhailovich Raksha was born in 1937 into a family of workers. He studied at an art school, graduated from VGIK with a degree in production designer. Participated in the creation of such significant films as "Time, Forward" and "Ascent". Many paintings by Yu.M. The Rahkshi received wide recognition and brought him worldwide fame.
Yuri Mikhailovich died very young, he was only forty-three years old. In 1980, the terminally ill artist finished work on the grand triptych "Kulikovo Field". This multifaceted work consists of three parts: "Blessing for the battle", "Seeing off the militia", "Anticipation".
The triptych is dedicated to the Battle of Kulikovo, which took place in 1380 and marks the beginning of the liberation from the Tatar-Mongol yoke. The painting "Seeing Off the Militia" is the right side part of the triptych. Another name for the painting is "Crying wives".
In the center of the composition are women and children. They see off the Russian army leaving for the campaign, consisting of their husbands, sons and brothers. Mighty warriors are surrounded by fog, a bloody battle awaits them, and many of them will give their lives for their homeland, protecting mothers, wives, children. In the distance, white-stone Moscow is visible, from the gates of which many thousands of militia are coming out.
In the foreground is a young, beautiful woman with a sad and lovely face. This is the wife of Dmitry Donskoy, Grand Duchess Evdokia. Soon she will have a child, next to her are her children - the boy bowed his head, he also feels the tragedy of what is happening; a teenage girl looks tensely at the departing warriors, trying to remember their faces, to preserve the memory of them.
It is known that Dmitry Donskoy and Evdokia were very fond of each other and one can understand what feelings the princess felt as she saw off her beloved husband to a feat of arms. To the right of Evdokia, a simple-haired woman in a red sarafan sank to the ground, exhausted. She threw her head back, her mouth was open - she was crying, her grief was immeasurable.
A young girl with her head covered with a scarf prays, and a gray-haired old man, standing behind the women, blesses the soldiers with his staff. A woman standing next to him hugs her little son to her chest. Everyone, commoners and noble people, rallied into a single whole in the face of a common misfortune. Now they are the Russian people. This painting teaches to love the motherland, to appreciate the people living in it, to admire its past.
At all times, the most basic and sacred duty for every person was the protection of his land from the enemy. It has always been a great honor to live as a patriot and die for the Motherland. The painting by Y. Raksha "Seeing Off the Militia" is dedicated to the theme of the defense of Russia from the Tatar-Mongol yoke. We see that the artist depicted on the canvas the militia leaving the gates of the city, women and children, escorting their men to the war.
On the left side of the picture, like a river, the people's river flows from the white city gates: the military men of the city, peasants, ordinary citizens, footmen, horsemen - all go to battle to stand up for the independence of their land.
In the center of the picture and on the right side of it, the painter depicted children, women: mothers, wives and sisters who went out to see their husbands off to a military battle. Here are both commoners and women of a noble family. They stand close to each other: common grief has erased the social boundaries between them.
One of the women is baptized, bows to the army. She, like all those who came to see off, understands that many of the soldiers will not return home from this campaign, so she bows to them as they bow to the great martyrs. Each of the women looks out for her husband, father, son in walking, sees off with her eyes, and in her eyes - anxiety, sadness, inexpressible grief. One of the women in a red sundress is depicted as a simple-haired woman, sitting on the grass, her head is slightly thrown back, her mouth is open - a woman is crying, wailing. Her whole posture suggests that she no longer expects to see the one she sees off alive, because she cries for him as if he were dead.
In the center of the mourners is a beautiful young woman, with her wheat-colored hair braided into a braid, with a hoop on her head. She is wearing a yellow dress with a blue stripe. She is not a commoner, but a woman of a noble family. With her left hand she hugs a boy, her son, who stands with his head bowed. The woman sees off her husband, the boy's father. Most likely he leads the militia. The woman tries to be strong, sadness is frozen in her eyes, but she should not show her son her grief - after all, if her husband dies, she alone will have to raise the future defender of her native land. Of course, she calls on her son to be proud of his father, the defender of the Fatherland, who goes to battle as a saint.
The viewers of the picture are amazed by the extraordinary expressiveness of the color scheme of the picture, as the emotional depth of the experiences conveyed by the artist in this canvas is amazing. The images of women symbolize Russia itself, which, seeing off its sons to a mortal battle, grieves.
Yuri Rakshi is a 20th century painter who created about two hundred paintings. Most of them are dedicated to the topic. One of such canvases is Raksha's painting "Seeing Off the Militia". This work also has a second title, "The Lament of Women," and for a reason, because when you look at a picture, the first thing that rushes is a bunch of grief-stricken women, among whom the old man was lost.
He, perhaps, himself is glad to be among the warriors, but his age does not allow him to go to war, because he will only be a burden. All he can do is shout the words of encouragement to the trail. All the women went out to see their brothers, fathers and loved ones off. And, seeing off, they understand that many of them are seen for the last time, because the war is merciless and takes lives indiscriminately. For this reason, women cannot hold back their tears, they cannot hide their sadness and pain.
Seeing off the militia picture description
Among the heartbroken women, we see a woman in position hugging her first child. She is dressed in beautiful clothes and it is clear that she is from the wealthy class. Next to her, the second woman fell to the ground, she, unlike the others, without a headscarf. Apparently, he flew off her head when she ran out in order to lead the men. Next to this woman is a girl picking flowers. She probably wants to give them to her father as a talisman. A little further, older women are standing, they no longer cry, they have cried out their tears, because, most likely, this is not the first time they have seen off their men to the war. These women only silently bless the warriors on their way and pray that they all come back. All of them, both rich and poor, commoners and women of noble family, were united by grief, in the face of war.
Considering the work of Raksha "Seeing Off the Militia" and describing the picture, one cannot fail to say about the courageous soldiers who go to certain death for the good of their Motherland, for the good of their families and friends, so that they live on a land free from enemies. They, like the river that the author depicted in the distance outside the city, emerge from the gates, only this is a people's river, consisting of peasants, nobility, ordinary townspeople: footmen and horsemen.