The name “chips” comes from the English “chips”, which means “piece”, “slice”. The history of the creation of chips begins in 1853, and they appeared completely by accident. One day, Cornelius Vanderbilt, an American millionaire, stayed at the Moon Lake House Hotel in Saratoga Springs. While dining at the hotel, Vanderbilt three times expressed his dissatisfaction with the fact that the potatoes were cut into too large slices. Local chef George Crum, being a man of character, ended up preparing thinly sliced ​​potatoes fried in oil for the millionaire. Unexpectedly, Vanderbilt liked the chef's new dish. He happily ordered it every time he dined at the hotel. Thus, “Saratoga chips,” as they were nicknamed, became the restaurant’s signature dish.

Seven years after the incident, George Crum opened his own chip restaurant in 1860. However, over time, this dish appeared in other food places, which is not surprising, since preparing chips is not at all difficult. Soon, chips appeared on the menus of America's best restaurants.

Until 1890, chips could only be eaten in restaurants or snack bars. The situation was changed by William Tappenden, the owner of a small diner in Cleveland. He was the first to come up with the idea of ​​selling chips on the street in paper bags! Tappenden took this step in search of new clients during the crisis. He started selling chips from an old van.

Another 36 years later, the idea of ​​packaging chips in wax paper was born. It was expressed by Laura Scudder. This packaging made it possible to transport the chips and extend their shelf life. Thus, chips appeared on supermarket shelves. However, mass production of chips became possible only after the invention of the potato peeling machine. Somewhat later, the first machine for the industrial production of chips appeared. It was created by Freeman Macbeth. His invention was immediately acquired by one of the companies, which began mass production of chips.

The chips were made without adding salt or any seasonings. In 1940, Tayto began producing flavored chips for the first time and began selling chips with a packet of salt.

In the Soviet Union, the history of the creation of chips begins in 1963. True, they were not called chips, but “Moscow crispy potatoes in slices,” which were produced at Mospishkombinat No. 1. In Russia, chips in their modern form appeared in the mid-90s and quickly became widespread.

Currently, manufacturers offer a huge selection of chips with different flavors. Today there are two main methods for producing chips. The first method involves the production of chips from pieces of raw potatoes (it is called traditional), the second - from crushed potatoes.

02/22/2010 at 11:38

Where there are smiles and happiness, you will always find Lay's ® potato chips. This is not surprising, because perfectly crispy potato chips have been America's favorite snack for over 75 years.
Lay's is a brand for a variety of potato chips founded in 1938. Lay's chips are marketed by Frito-Lay, owned by PepsiCo Inc. since 1965. Other Frito-Lay brands include Fritos, Doritos, Ruffles, Cheetos and Rold Gold pretzels.

The Lay’s brand of chips was invented by the American Herman W. Lay, who started his business in 1932 as a small traveling salesman selling potato chips in Nashville. The 24-year-old businessman was then selling Gardner's chips to Barrett Food Products, located in Atlanta, Georgia. Lay was loyal to the Gardner brand of Barrett Food Products until 1944, when he decided to change the name of the potato chips to Lay's Potato Chips. This year is considered the year of birth of the Lay’s brand.

History of origin
It is believed that chips were accidentally invented by George Crum, an Indian by origin (not to be confused with the composer George Crum) on August 24, 1853, at the Saratoga Springs resort (USA), while working as a chef at the fashionable restaurant of the Moon Lake Lodge hotel. According to legend, one of the signature recipes of the Moon Lake Lodge restaurant was “french fries.” One day at dinner, railroad magnate Vanderbilt returned the fries to the kitchen, complaining that they were “too thick.” The chef, Krum, decided to play a trick on the tycoon, cut the potatoes literally paper-thin and fried them. However, the tycoon and his friends liked the dish.

"Saratoga Chips"
The recipe was nicknamed "Saratoga Chips." After some time, chips became the restaurant's most popular specialty. In 1860, Crum opened his own restaurant (he worked until 1890), with a basket of chips on each table. The restaurant quickly became a fashionable destination among wealthy Americans visiting the resort. Crum did not sell the chips as a take-out product, but soon, due to the simplicity of the recipe, the chips were offered in most restaurants.
In 1895, William Tappendon began "small-scale production" of chips, first in his own kitchen, later building a factory. Deliveries are made to Cleveland. Later, Laura Scudder suggests using wax paper for packaging. This is how the concept of a “bag of chips” comes into being. In 1932, Herman Lay founded the Lay's brand in Nashville, Tennessee, which became the first national brand of chips to survive to this day.

Assortment in Russia
PepsiCo's assortment policy is to selectively position a variety of products in different regional markets.
Almost every year, Frito Lay, taking into account the ever-increasing demands of Russian consumers for the assortment of chips, introduced new flavors of its products to the market.
1996 chips with salt, paprika, onion, and bacon flavors.
2000 chips with dill flavor, Lay’s Max enters the market.
2002 chips with cheese and barbecue flavors.
2003 chips with pizza flavor.
2004 chips with “fresh dill”, “salt and butter” flavors, highlighting the taste of potatoes, developed specifically for the Russian consumer.
2005 flavors “sour cream and herbs”, “crab”. Lay's Max ham and cheese flavor.
2007 chips with shish kebab flavor
2009 chips with caviar flavor
2009 also introduced chips called Lay’s Sensations with the flavors of “Thai chili pepper in sweet sauce,” “Sardinian lamb with grilled eggplant and sun-dried tomatoes,” and “buffalo mozzarella with pesto sauce.”
For the production of Lay's chips at the factory in Kashira, Russia, Dutch potato varieties are used, and only selected tubers with a certain content of starch and sugar are used. Chips production processes over 80 thousand tons of potatoes per year. The entire technological process is designed in such a way to obtain a product that meets Lay's high standards.

Lay's potato chips (the trademark belongs to the Frito Lay company) have been represented on the Ukrainian market by the Sandora company since 2002.

Lay's makes any woman a queen
Chips manufacturer Lay's has proposed a fresh concept for promoting the new product Lay's Sensation on the Russian market. The brand, which belongs to PepsiCo, gives every woman the opportunity to feel like a queen - thanks to the chips, of course.

...and also, smile with us:
As part of an advertising campaign honoring the local farmers who grow potatoes for Lay's chips, Juniper Park placed custom outdoor advertising in a Chicago underpass.
The campaign's slogan reads, "The potatoes for your chips are grown closer than you think," and the ceiling of the underpass features a structure that imitates potato tubers breaking through the finishing tiles. Thus, the manufacturing company Frito Lay emphasizes that only local potatoes are used to make Lay's chips, which grow right under Americans' noses and over their heads.

The favorite delicacy of children and adults is thin and crispy chips. Without them it is impossible to imagine a youth party, watching football or an exciting series. Today we will try to figure out who invented the chips and what is the technology for their preparation.

What are chips?

Have you ever thought about how the word “chips” is interpreted? The dictionary characterizes them as a snack made from thin potato slices fried in sunflower oil.

According to the Great Encyclopedia of Culinary Arts, chips are potatoes in the form of thin slices that are boiled or dried in hot air. The second characteristic is potato waffles, made from dried mashed potatoes.

Chips are also the name given to one of the main ingredients of the signature English dish - fish and chips. The composition also includes fish that needs to be deep fried. The delicacy is very popular among tourists and guests of Foggy Albion.

The emergence of crispy potatoes

Who invented the chips that are adored by more than one generation of people? The delicacy appeared in the 19th century in the United States of America. Crum George, the inventor of chips, first presented them to the world. The delicacy appeared completely by accident.

Chef Crum George took revenge on his scrupulous customer, who claimed that the potatoes he ordered were thickly cut. The chef decided to cut the product into paper-thin slices and fry them in oil. After the dish was served, the picky client, having tried one thing, was indescribably delighted. Since then, chips have gained worldwide love and popularity.

Thanks to this story, we now know which chef invented chips in 1853.

Cooking chips from bygone days to modern times

The recipe for making potato slices was constantly modified. In the 19th century, only potatoes fried in oil and sprinkled with salt were used to make chips. As progress progressed, various spices were added to the slices. For example, famous seasonings for chips were curry and a mixture of dried aromatic herbs. Later, stabilizers and flavorings began to appear in the recipe. These components are extremely harmful to human health.

The history of making chips is very interesting. In gratitude to the one who invented chips, one of the famous restaurateurs decided to introduce potato plates into the menu of their expensive establishments. At the beginning of 1900, chips migrated from there to street vendors who made bright advertisements, inviting people.

The owner of one of the sales points came up with the idea of ​​packaging finished products in paper bags. Residents of the town of Cleveland really liked this idea, and the chips began to fly away literally before our eyes. Thus, a merchant named Tappendam became rich, and the delicacy became one of the favorites among people of all ages.

Potato slices cannot be stored for long in paper packaging, so in 1926 Laura Scudder invented the polished type of packaging. This was very convenient for transporting and selling chips in stores. Soon a new problem appeared - demand exceeded supply. It was for these purposes that Freeman Macbeth invented a special machine that was capable of producing large batches of chips. From that moment on, the era of widespread production of crispy products to satisfy consumers began.

Where were chips invented? In the USA, that's why the International Potato Chip Institute opened there.

Manufacturing technology

Chips are made from fresh potatoes, which are chopped into slices, strips or plates. The product manufacturing process can be divided into the following stages:

• washing and packaging potatoes;
• peeling;
• cutting ready-made tubers;
• rinsing from starch;
• blanching (carried out to facilitate the subsequent manufacturing process);
• drying;
• frying in special deep fryers;
• adding salt and spices.

I wonder if the one who invented chips could have imagined that a century later their production would reach such a high level, and the demand for the product would be colossal?

How the most popular types are made

To prepare 1 kilogram of chips you will need about 5 kg of potatoes. There are two varieties of this delicacy:

• Classic. To begin with, the potatoes are cut into slices, washed under running water and deep-fried. After 2 minutes have passed, spices, salt, and flavorings are added to the product.
• Snacks. They are made from dry puree, which is formed into bars and sprinkled with herbs and spices. Next, they are fried, like classic chips.

Chips ingredients

The popular delicacy is made from different bases, so the chips come in:

• potato (characterized by naturalness, characteristic round or oblong shape, weightlessness and crispness);
• fruit (made from pieces of dried bananas, apples or pears);
• corn and cereals.

Taking into account taste preferences, a distinction is made between sweet and savory slices.

It must be said that fruit and cereal chips have appeared on sale relatively recently and are not yet as wildly popular as potato varieties.

Making chips at home

Surely many would like to treat themselves to a delicious home-made delicacy without flavorings or other flavoring additives. So, how to make potato chips at home? For this you will need:

• 3 potato tubers;
• 100 g unsweetened oatmeal;
• 4-5 tbsp. l. flour;
• 1 large egg;
• 2 g yeast;
• spices, salt, pepper.

First you need to boil the potatoes in salted water and drain it. Crush the tubers to a puree, add a small piece of butter and a pinch of mushroom seasoning. Dissolve the yeast in warm water and leave to swell for 5 minutes. grind to flour using a blender. When the mashed potatoes have cooled, add oatmeal, egg, swollen yeast and wheat flour. Knead the dough and leave in a warm place for half an hour.

Next, spread the parchment on the table and coat it with oil. Place a small piece of dough on the paper and knead it with a rolling pin. After this, use a mug to cut out circles - future chips. Heat a frying pan and oil over high heat. Place the resulting preparations in deep fat and fry until crispy. You need to fry them for 10 seconds, but no more! After cooking, sprinkle the product with paprika.

This is how you make delicious potato chips at home.

Inventor: Cornelius Vanderbilt and George Croom
A country: USA
Time of invention: 1853

The English word chips means “slice, piece.” According to legend, the inventors of chips are the capricious American millionaire Cornelius Vanderbilt and the chef with the character of the Moon Lake House Hotel in Saratoga Springs, George Croom.

In 1853, Vanderbilt stayed at this hotel. During lunch, the capricious rich man sent potatoes to the kitchen three times, cut, in his opinion, too large. In response, the irritated Krum chopped the tubers into thin slices and fried them in oil. But strangely enough, the chef’s provocation failed.

Vanderbilt was delighted and ate crispy potato slices throughout his stay at the hotel. The chips became the restaurant's signature dish and were called "Saratoga chips."
There is a version that the chips were not invented by George, but by his sister, who was with him in the restaurant kitchen that same day.

In 1860, Crum opened his own restaurant, where he sold chips, but not for takeout. However, due to the ease of production, the chips soon appeared in other places. The restaurant operated for 30 years, until 1890.

Very soon, chips became popular among the American elite and entered the menu of fashionable restaurants in the United States.

In 1890, chips made their way from restaurants to the street. The chips were popularized by a small merchant from Cleveland, William Tappenden. He owned a diner where he fried potato wedges. The crisis caused by the overproduction of chips forced Tappenden to look for new customers. Soon the product was sold on the streets of Cleveland from an old van decorated with advertisements for chips. For the first time, they were served to customers in a bag, also decorated with an advertisement for Tappenden's establishment.

And in 1926, a certain Laura Scudder suggested packaging them in wax paper. As a result, it became possible to store chips longer, transport them over long distances, and sell them without the participation of a seller, because buyers could take the bags themselves from store shelves.

After Herman Lay invented a potato peeling machine, mass production of chips began.

Until 1921, chips were known only in the United States.

Already in 1929, the first machine for the industrial production of chips was invented. It was invented by self-taught mechanic Freeman Macbeth, who sold the car to one of the companies. The eccentric inventor refused payment for his invention, demanding only that he be allowed to tinker with it whenever he wanted.

Until 1940, chips were produced without seasoning. A small Irish company, Tayto, is developing technology for adding seasonings and flavorings to production; chips are sold with a bag of salt. Chips are becoming popular. After some time, the owner sells Tayto and becomes the richest man in Ireland.

Today there are two main recipes for making chips. The traditional way is to make chips from pieces of raw potatoes, as Chef Croome pioneered. The quality of the raw materials is very important here: not all tubers can be used to make good crispy potatoes. They should be dense, with a low sugar content, without damage inside and with flat surface. From 5-6 kilograms of quality potatoes you get 1 kilogram of chips.

Breeders have been cultivating special varieties of potatoes that are most convenient for preparing this product for decades. According to the standards of most manufacturers, frying oil should not impart any foreign odor to the chips. Therefore, in most cases, olive, soy or palm oil is used. After this, the finished chips are dried at room temperature, salted, sprinkled with spices and packaged.

The second method involves the production of chips from ground potatoes - flakes, granules or starch. The initial quality of raw materials intended for extrusion (wiping and drying) is also important, but precisely at the stage of production of bulk products. The manufacturer of such “restored” chips does not care about defects in the tubers or uneven cooking.

Chips made from mashed potatoes, which are then rolled out and shaped, have lower calorie content than natural ones.

It’s interesting that the inventors of chips, Americans, still eat more chips today than anywhere else in the world - almost 3 kg per year! According to statistics from the US Department of Agriculture, Potato chips account for 11% of all potatoes grown in the United States. In 1937, the Yankees even created a special research organization, the National Institute of Potato Chips, which began scientific research in this area. And in 1961 it became the International Potato Chip Institute.

In the 1980s, scientific studies emerged showing that excessive consumption of chips can lead to unpleasant consequences. Fatty chips are very high in calories, which consequently affects figure. Indeed, research has shown that Americans are one of the fattest nations in the world. American manufacturers even began producing chips with reduced fat content, which began to be in considerable demand.

In the USSR, the first chips appeared in 1963 and were called “crispy Moscow potato slices.” The corresponding production was established in Moscow at the Mospishchekombinat No. 1 enterprise. In Russia, the first chips appeared in the mid-90s.

According to the most common theory, this popular snack was created thanks to the contribution of George Crum. George "Speck" Crum worked as a chef at an expensive American restaurant called Moon's Lake House, located in Saratoga Springs. The restaurant's menu featured French fries prepared by the chef in the standard "Pommes Pont-Neuf" style, which was invented in France and popularized in the United States by Thomas Jefferson.

One day at dinner, the restaurant's regular customer, railroad magnate Cornelius Vanderbilt, returned the French fries to the kitchen, complaining that they were cut too thick. Then George Crum fried a thinner batch of fries, but this dish also met with disapproval. Angry, the chef cut the potatoes so that they showed through in the light and fried them in oil until crisp. Surprisingly, the guest was delighted with the paper-thin potatoes. Over time, the chips, called Saratoga Chips, became the restaurant's most popular specialty. And in 1860, Crum opened his own restaurant, with a basket of chips on each table.

However, this is not the only version of the origin of chips. According to another theory, the snack arose due to an accident that happened to George Crum's sister, Catherine Wicks, who also worked as a cook at the Moon's Lake House restaurant. She accidentally dropped a piece of potato into the frying pan with oil, and then took it out and put it on a plate. The brother, having tried an unusual piece of potato, said: “Now we will have a lot of them.” After the death of Catherine Weeks in 1924, her obituary was as follows:

"George Crum's sister, Mrs. Catherine Weeks, died aged 102. She was the cook at Moon's Lake House. It was she who invented and fried the famous Saratoga Chips."

And in a 1932 interview with the Saratoga newspaper, her grandson John Gilbert Freeman referred to his grandmother as “the true inventor of the potato chip.”

Their father was African-American, and their mother was a native of the Huron Indian tribe. Crum and his sister Catherine Weeks, like other Indians or mixed-race people of the era, are described as “Indian,” “mulatto,” or “black,” depending on one’s judgment.