Conclusion
I. Turgenev's story "Mumu", written in the middle of the nineteenth century, can leave few people indifferent. Shrill and laconic, it colorfully describes the times of serfdom, the lack of rights of the peasants and the permissiveness of the landlords.
Gerasim was not asked when they decided to transport him to Moscow to serve the lady as a janitor. He resigned himself to the fact that Tatyana, dear to his heart, was married to a drunkard and a rowdy, and then sent away from the estate. He found a kind of replacement for his failed love in the dog Mumu. It was she who became his family member, whom he loved and about whom he worried more than about anyone else.
But, despite his affection for the dog, he did not even think to disobey the lady when she ordered to get rid of the dog, which "insulted" her dignity, first by snarling at her, and then repeatedly disturbing her sleep and peace of mind.
This was the natural order of things in those days - when the master orders, the serf obeys, despite his feelings, desires and in spite of mental pain. But even a serf, no matter how suppressed he is by the will of the landowner, is, first of all, a living person. And fulfilling the next order of the lady against his will, killing the only creature close to him, Gerasim, as if killed in himself his humility and resignation.
He fulfilled the order, he fulfilled what was expected of him, but - for the last time. The last time he was submissive, the last time he resigned himself to the way of life, which he had absorbed from the cradle. Having drowned Mumu, he became free - even if not in body, because formally both his life and his well-being still belonged to the capricious lady, but his spirit became free. And he went back to the village.
Thus, the death of his favorite Mumu became symbolic and changed both himself and his future life - after all, thanks to a coincidence, Gerasim was not punished for unauthorized departure, but lived in the village all his life, as he wanted. But remembering that at any moment he could lose everything at the will of the landowner, he forever excluded attachment to someone from his life and never had pets again.
The best heroes of Turgenev are not just portrayed against the background of nature, they act, in essence, as a continuation of natural elements, their human crystallization. Gerasim is deprived of such an opportunity throughout almost the entire story of "Mumu" until he makes an independent decision - to return to the village.
Bibliography
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3. Gay N.K. Artistic literature. - M .: Vagrius, 2013.
4. Kuleshov V.I. Little trilogy // Tops of Russian classics, .- M .: EKSMO, 2010.
5. Lessing G.E. Laocoon or on the boundaries of painting and poetry // Reader on the theory of literature. M .: Education: 1982.
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7. Likhachev D.S. Inner world artwork// Questions of literature, 1988. №8.
8. Markovich V.M. The man in Turgenev's novels.
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10. Pospelov G.I. Introduction to Literary Studies. M .: Ayris-press, 2009.
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13. Turgenev I.S. Sobr. cit., vol. 10.- M .: Fiction, 1977.
14. Khalizev V.E. Introduction to literary criticism. - M .: Airis-Press, 2010.
15. Halizev V.I. Drama as a kind of literature. M: publishing house of Moscow State University, 2006.
With great pleasure and literally in one breath I read the work of Turgenev "Mumu". The story is very easy to read and the essence of the text read is quickly captured. It reveals the theme of the lack of rights of the peasants and the cruel attitude towards them. The main character is the deaf-mute fellow Gerasim.
The story tells about a serf and his difficult life and how people around him treated him. It seems to me that Gerasim is a very kind and gentle person, even though at first glance he looks like a formidable man. He was very attached to Tatiana, who served with him, and was ready to do a lot for her. After the lady married the poor young lady to an alcoholic and evicted her from the yard.
Gerasim found a poor, chilled dog and saw an outlet in it after having experienced parting with his beloved. But even then the lady decided that Mumu needed to be drowned. She did not care about his quivering and tender nature and the torment to which she subjected the servant with her orders. If she wanted something or got in the way, she did as she pleased, regardless of the feelings of the peasants who worked for her. The main idea of the story is directed against serfdom. Gerasim personifies the whole Russian people in his persona.
You need to act according to your conscience, even if the circumstances are against you.
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This article is devoted to the work of I.S. Turgenev. It will carefully analyze the motives of the behavior of the main character of the story "Mumu" - the janitor Gerasim. Probably, those who read, but did not have sufficient psychological insight, from school were tormented by the question of why Gerasim drowned Mumu. During the "investigation" the answer will be given.
Gerasim's personality
The mighty mute Gerasim was uprooted from his native hut in the village and transplanted into the urban soil of Moscow that was alien to him. He was under two meters tall. It had an abundance of natural power. A Moscow lady looked after him and ordered him to be transported from the village to her house. She identified him as a janitor, for he was a noble worker.
No matter how this information may seem to the reader far from answering the question of why Gerasim drowned Mumu, it is very important and has a direct bearing on him. This is the foundation for understanding inner peace hero.
Love triangle: Gerasim, Tatiana and Kapiton
The lady was served by one simple girl - Tatiana (she worked as a laundress). The young woman liked Gerasim, although the other servants and the hostess herself understood that such a marriage was hardly possible for obvious reasons. Nevertheless, Gerasim tenderly cherished within himself a timid hope, firstly, for reciprocity, and secondly, that the lady would consent to marriage.
But, unfortunately, the hopes of the protagonist were not destined to come true. The absurd and egocentric lady decided in her own way: the drunkard shoemaker who had beaten off from the hands was appointed to Tatyana's husband by the lord's permission. He himself did not mind, but he was afraid of Gerasim's reaction to this news. Then the lordly servants went to the trick: knowing that the dumb janitor could not stand drunkards, the servants forced Tatyana to go drunk in front of Gerasim. The trick was a success - the janitor himself pushed his sweetheart into Kapiton's arms. True, the lady's experiment did not end well. Her shoemaker drank himself to death even in the hands of a hardworking and, one might say, meek before slavery washerwoman. The days of the unhappy couple passed mournfully in a remote village.
The love triangle is important in the context of answering the question of why Gerasim drowned Mumu, as he reveals the "chemistry" of the janitor's future affection for his dog.
Gerasim and Mumu
When Gerasim suffered from unspent love, he found a dog. She was only three weeks old. The janitor rescued the dog from the water, brought him to his closet, organized a rookery for the dog (it turns out, this is a girl), gave her milk to drink.
In other words, now the love of a simple Russian dumb peasant, unclaimed by a woman, is fully invested in the creature that unexpectedly appeared in his life. He names the dog Mumu.
Final story
Problems for the protagonist arose when the lady, who had not seen the dog before, suddenly discovered it. Mumu has lived with Gerasim as with Christ in her bosom for over a year. The owner was delighted with the dog. She asked to immediately bring her to the master's chambers. When the dog was delivered, it behaved wary and aggressive in unfamiliar surroundings. She did not drink the master's milk, but began to bark at the lady.
Of course, the mistress could not bear such an attitude and ordered the dog to be removed from her property. And so they did. Gerasim was looking for her, looking for her, but never found. But Mumu returned to the owner one day with a gnawed leash around her neck. Gerasim realized that the dog did not run away from him on its own, and began to hide it from prying eyes in his closet, and he took her out into the street only at night. But on one such walking night, a drunk lay down at the fence of the master's estate. Mumu did not like drunkards, like her master, and began hysterically and shrilly barking at the drink. She woke up the whole house, including the lady.
As a result, the dog was ordered to get rid of. The servants took this too literally and decided to take Mumu's life. Gerasim volunteered to move his beloved pet to better world with his own hand. Then, unable to withstand the mental anguish, the janitor returned (in fact, fled) to his native land - to the village, again becoming an ordinary peasant. At first they were looking for him, and when they found him, the lady said that "she doesn't need such an ungrateful worker for nothing."
Thus, if someone (most likely a schoolboy) decides to write an essay "Why Gerasim Drowned Mumu", he should give an answer to this question in the context of the whole story, so that the author's narrative acquires depth and richness.
Moral of the story
Turgenev specially portrays Gerasim as powerful in order to show, in contrast, his spiritual indecision and timidity, one might say, slavery. The janitor drowned his dog not because he felt sorry for her: he imagined how she would wander around other people's yards in search of food without him. He killed her, because he could not withstand the lordly order and the pressure of other servants. And when the reader understands the whole essence of Gerasim's inner world, he is shocked by two things: the skill of the writer and the deep tragedy of the narrative. After all, no one bothered Gerasim to escape with the dog, in general, so to speak, to prepare an escape in advance, when he realized that things were bad. But he did not do this, and all because of the servile psychology.
Thus, to the question of why Gerasim drowned Mumu, the answers do not imply variety. The key to understanding the work of I.S. Turgenev - in the slave psychology of the Russian man, which the classic masterfully embodied in the image of a wordless janitor.
IN modern world human feelings are guided by transient values that eventually lose their significance and relevance: money, clothes, houses, jewelry. There are not so many truly important values that the Universe provides us: faith, love, friendship. The concept of "friendship" is one of the fundamental in the human outlook and in the system of its value orientations. It exists not only between people, but also in the disinterested relationship of man with animals. But why, then, our smaller brothers often become victims of human cruelty? Why do human irresponsibility, deceit and injustice become the sources of the ruthlessness of the world, in which any life is not worth a dime? First of all, those who are gullible and cannot protect themselves from more powerful creatures who call themselves people suffer. But animals are endowed with the same feelings of grief, resentment and loneliness, like humans. They give us much more than we can give in return. They give warmth, affection, gratitude, love, selfless devotion. Showing friendliness, they allow a person through reciprocity to reveal their true feelings and experiences, and such a laconic interlocutor can give us a feeling of closeness. soulmate, the second "I". They entrust us with their lives, and we must be responsible for those we tame.
In his story "Mumu", Turgenev tells about the internal collision of the serf Gerasim, who with all his soul was attached to only one creature - a dog. However, he understood that the cruel lady would not give her life, and he would not be able to protect her in any way. For the landowner, he himself is a pitiful little dog, like all serfs for their masters. How can a powerless and weak being help another? It's like demanding protection from Mumu for Gerasim. Realizing his helplessness, the hero realizes that it is better not to torture the animal, betraying it and abandoning it. He feels the burden of responsibility for the fate of a living creature that has so entrusted to him. A dog, an intelligent and empathetic friend, will be more painful if left to fend for itself. She will still die without a master, but in agony. Therefore, Gerasim takes this pain upon himself, he kills the dog in order to facilitate its inevitable death. So at least she was not despicably deceived, did not become disillusioned with people and did not faint from hunger and loneliness. Her owner was devoted to her to the end and was ready to make sacrifices for the love of the dog. It is very scary and difficult to live with such a burden on his heart, but Gerasim humbly carries this cross.
Today there are no landowners or serfs. No one can be forced to kill or abandon an animal. However, the principles of humanism, laid down by Turgenev, for many, apparently, remain in the school bench. People become adults, their souls grow stale, they even drown a person with pleasure, what can we say about a dog. The bright feelings that this story awakens in readers, and the fundamental values of kindness, love, responsibility for many are empty words and pitiful sentiments. Homeless animals are still multiplying around, and outrageous scandals related to the cruel treatment of our younger brothers still occur. But these "Saratov knackers" (defendants in a high-profile criminal case of abuse of animals) also went to school, they also read Turgenev. Why are they so irresponsible? Probably because they did not feel the humanistic message that the author passed on to his descendants. They leafed through the book and did not think about anything. I believe that every person, in order to stay with them, needs to re-read Russian from time to time. classic literature and gradually discover its new facets, because with age we all change and begin to better understand and think more broadly. Otherwise, Mumu's tragedy will repeat itself more than once.
Interesting? Keep it on your wall!How should we treat our pets? Are we obligated to take responsibility for their lives? I thought about these questions after reading the text of B. Yemelyanov “How I bought a dog”. The work raises an important problem of the relationship between humans and animals.
The author, discussing this topic, gives an example from the life of the protagonist. The man, who considered dogs to be faithful friends, decided to buy an adult and trained dog... The writer draws our attention to the worried state of the dog that has lost its former friend: “Tomka lay motionless at the table all day,” thus Emelyanov admires Tomka’s love for his friend. After receiving the telegram, the owner of the dog, without hesitation, immediately went to pick it up. The publicist notes the importance of the hero's awareness that “they don’t sell friends,” thus the prose writer illustrates to us the loyalty of not only pets to humans, but also vice versa. The author leads us to the idea that friendship and devotion between man and animal must be protected.
One cannot but agree with B. Yemelyanov's point of view.
Indeed, there are no barriers to friendship between humans and animals.
The story of I.S. Turgenev "Mumu". The main character took care of his pet, protected, gave him all his tenderness and affection. Mumu became Gerasim's best friend, the closest being he could trust. The forced killing of his dog broke the hero and caused severe mental pain.
Confirmation of this problem can be found in LN Andreev's story "Kusak". The writer shows the irresponsible attitude of people towards the dog. The unfortunate animal lost confidence in others, became embittered and feral, since the previous owners left her in the country and repeatedly offended her. This example shows us the inhuman treatment of animals.
Thus, the problem raised by the prose writer makes each of us think about the importance of a kind attitude of people to pets, because it is not for nothing that there is such a saying: "We are responsible for those we have tamed."
Updated: 2017-06-09
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Useful material on the topic
- The problem of human responsibility to a pet. Why is it necessary to treat a tamed animal responsibly? (according to the text by B. Emelyanov)