Slide 2
Unweaving the braids and the blessing of the parents Unweaving the braids is an image of farewell to a girl's article. Now the girl is no longer alone, but in a pair, therefore, since the time of the wedding, women traditionally wear only two braids, hiding them under a scarf.
Slide 3
Where did wedding traditions come from? From ancient Rome. The white color of the dress means joy and prosperity. White is a celebration. A veil is also a protection against evil spirits. The flower in the buttonhole of the groom's jacket (boutonniere) is a symbol of love for the chosen one. And this flower should be the same as the flowers in the bride's bouquet.
Slide 4
Why exactly are the rings exchanged between the bride and groom?
And because the ring has neither end nor beginning. The ring is a symbol of stability, unchanging and eternal love. Among the peoples of the East (for example, Egypt), it is believed that a vein passes through the middle finger of the left hand to the heart. And so the rings were put on this finger. Wedding traditions in our country and in European countries are to put wedding rings on the ring finger of the right hand. It was this finger with the ring put on it, according to the legends of our ancestors, that possessed powerful and miraculous power. If on the wedding day the guests touch the bride and groom, then this brings the newlyweds happiness, God's blessing.
Slide 5
Wedding traditions in Russia
In Slavic history, polygamy and polyandry existed for some time. In some places, a trial marriage was practiced, when the bride moved to the groom, and the wedding was celebrated after the birth of the child. If the marriage turned out to be unsuccessful, the wedding was not arranged at all. The bride returned to her parents, receiving a reward.
Slide 6
It was customary to marry young people in Russia at an early age, starting at the age of 12. At the same time, it was in the order of things that the bride and groom did not know each other well enough before their wedding, and often they had never seen each other at all. The decision for the young man was made by the parents
Slide 7
In general, weddings lasted an average of 3 days. Sometimes they continued for a week. But any wedding, of course, was preceded by the so-called "conspiracy" and "matchmaking".
Slide 8
National wedding traditions of the peoples of the world
Austrian Marriage The bride adorns her veil with myrtle, which is the flower of life.
Slide 9
Marriage in English In English villages, the bride and her guests walk to church together. The procession is led by a little girl scattering flowers along the road so that the bride's life is happy and filled with flowers. Fortunately, brides sew some kind of amulet, for example, a small silver horseshoe, to the edge of the dress.
Slide 10
Balinese Marriage One of the strangest weddings ever. During the celebrations, young people are sawed off part of their teeth without any anesthesia, symbolizing that people do not belong to the world of evil spirits wearing fangs. Only women sit at the wedding table, because the men who have been preparing meals for the feast all night rest at this time.
Folklore is folk art, reflecting the history, life, aspirations and thoughts of the people.
Folk song genres:
Ritual
Satirical
Labor
Lyric
Rites and customs in folklore and in the work of composers
Russian old wedding
The first part of the "wedding game"
dedicated to the girl's farewell to her family.
Listen to a Russian folk song
"Mother, it's dusty in the field" performed by Lyudmila Zykina.
F. Zhuravlev "Before the crown"
V.Feoktistov
"Preparing the bride for the wreath"
What do pictures and songs have in common?
What state do they convey?
Listen to the wedding choir
"We took a walk, overflowed" -
Is it a folk melody or was it composed by a composer?
Listen to the wedding ceremony from the opera "Khovanshchina" by M.P. Mussorgsky
What makes this music related to folk songs?
What intonation features of a folk song are heard in this fragment?
1.What musical images of romances and songs did you meet?
2. What are the similarities and differences between the genres of romance, folk songs and songs of a modern author?
3.Can music have a strong effect on a person?
1. What determines a person's ability to perceive, feel the beauty and power of music?
2. Why do some people care about music, uplift and give them strength, while others do not notice its beauty and do not feel its beneficial influence?
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Slide captions:
Folklore is folk art, reflecting the history, life, aspirations and thoughts of the people. Folk song genres: Ritual Satirical Labor Game lyrical
Rites and customs in folklore and in the work of composers Russian ancient wedding
The first part of the "wedding game" was dedicated to the girl's farewell to her family. Listen to the Russian folk song "Mother, it's dusty in the field" performed by Lyudmila Zykina.
F. Zhuravlev "Before the crown"
Listen to M. Matveev's song "Mother, it's dusty in the field" performed by Zhanna Bichevskaya.
V.Feoktistov "Preparing the bride for the wreath"
1. How are the songs different from each other? 2. Which song captures the dramatic collision of two states of mind? 3. Which performance did you like more? Why?
What do pictures and songs have in common? What state do they convey?
Listen to the wedding choir “Take a Walk, Spilled” - Is this a folk melody or was it composed by a composer?
Listen to the wedding ceremony from the opera "Khovanshchina" by MP Mussorgsky What makes this music related to folk songs? What intonation features of a folk song are heard in this fragment?
What makes this music related to folk songs? What intonation features of a folk song are heard in this fragment?
1.What musical images of romances and songs did you meet? 2. What are the similarities and differences between the genres of romance, folk songs and songs of a modern author? 3.Can music have a strong impact on a person?
1. What determines a person's ability to perceive, feel the beauty and power of music? 2. Why do some people care about music, uplift and give them strength, while others do not notice its beauty and do not feel its beneficial influence?
"Rituals and customs in folklore and in the work of composers"
Target: to contribute to the formation of a highly spiritual personality through the creative union of a teacher and a student in musical and aesthetic education.
Tasks:
educational: acquaintance with folklore through the works of composers whose work is turned to folk music, acquaintance with the history of the wedding ceremony in Russia;
developing: development of listening, vocal and choral skills, ear for music, memory, thinking, the ability to listen and analyze musical works;
educational: fostering respect and interest in the native folklore and music of Russian composers in schoolchildren.
Equipment: presentation for the lesson, multimedia projector, screen, laptop, button accordion, text of the song "Mother, mother, it's dusty in the field ...".
During the classes
I. Organizational moment
(slide2)
Hello guys. The topic of today's lesson is "Rituals and customs in folklore and in the work of composers," write it down.
(slide 3)
And the epigraph to the lesson will be the words of our great Russian poet A.S. Pushkin:
The deeds of days gone by
Legends of deep antiquity ...
II. Repetition of the passed material.
(slide 4)
So, back to the topic of today's lesson. Let's remember what folklore means?
-Folklore - folk art, most often oral.
(slide 5)
Musical folklore?
- Folk music - vocal, instrumental, vocal-instrumental and dance creativity of the people.
(slide 6)
So what helps us to penetrate the culture of the past, to understand the soul of the people?
- Acquaintance with folk songs, epics, old legends.
-What are they telling us about?
- About important moments in a person's life, about folk traditions captured in various rituals.
Yes, all significant events in human life - be it the birth of a child, the change of seasons, the beginning and end of agricultural work, marriage, were accompanied by rituals.
III. Learning new material
(slide 7)
Today we are going to talk about one of the most beautiful ceremonies - an old Russian wedding (including one included in the opera genre).
A little from the history of wedding ceremonies in Russia.
In Russian villages, the wedding was the main solemn ceremony. The decision to marry was not made by the young people themselves, but by their parents. The children's opinion was almost never taken into account. Hence the saying "Suffer, fall in love."
(slide 8.9)
So, the old Russian wedding was a complex chain of solemn ceremonies.
The "wedding game" was a theatrical performance that lasted several days, and sometimes several weeks. The protagonists of the wedding game were the matchmaker, matchmaker, the groom's boyfriend, the bride's girlfriend. The central character was the bride. The wedding game was divided into two parts.
The first part was devoted to the girl's farewell to her family and was played out in the bride's house. In the old days, marriage meant the end of the girl's free life and her transfer to someone else's family. Therefore, the bride's songs were dramatic and were called laments, laments, lamentations. From the moment of marriage and until the very departure to the crown, the bride had to cry and lament. And the bride cried and lamented in order to show love and respect for her parents, gratitude for the fact that they “gave drink, nursed.” Otherwise, they could have complained about the daughter's ingratitude, leaving her father's house without regret. So she said goodbye with her will, native family
(slide 10.11)
Comparisons directed to nature give special beauty to folk wedding songs: a girl is compared to a river, a swan, a duckling, a berry; guy, good fellow - with a clear falcon. Listening to the Russian folk song "The Utushka Bathed at the Sea".
As the river flows - it does not wobble, so the bride-girl sits - does not smile; as the duckling grieves, parting with the onset of a cold winter with the blue sea, on which she freely swam, so the girl on the morning of the wedding day cries bitterly at the thought of the upcoming separation from her parents.
The confusion and anxiety experienced by the bride-girl while waiting for the wedding train, sound in different versions of the song "Mother, mother, it's dusty in the field ..." listen performed by L. Zykina, and the works of great Russian artists will help you to create a more complete image of the song and everything that happens in it.
(slide 12)
-
What impression did the song make on you?
-In the song, the mother and daughter seem to be talking
-Those. the song is built in the form of a dialogue
- And what can we say about the melodic drawing?
- In the theme of the mother, one can hear an emotion, a call for obedience, resignation with a hopeless situation
- The daughter's theme sounds anxiety, drama
-What did you see in the pictures?
-What emotions do the heroines of these pictures experience?
- Are these emotions similar to those of the heroine of the song "Mother ..."?
Each of you has lyrics on your desk. Let's learn it (song performance ).
Well done! We continue to work on the topic.
(slide 13)
The second part of the wedding is a traditional feast that began in the house of the groom's parents after the wedding ceremony. The wedding celebration was accompanied by the singing of magnificent songs glorifying the bride and groom, comic and dance songs, as well as dancing, horseback riding.
Composers often turned to the songs of the colorful wedding ceremony in their operas.
(slide 14)
The wedding game and its characters are vividly presented in the opera of the Russian composer, our fellow countryman A.S.Dargomyzhsky "Mermaid".
-What do we know about the composer?
- A.S. Dargomyzhsky was born in the village of Troitskoye, Belevsky district, Tula province.
- I was very fond of studying Russian musical folklore.
- A.S. Dargomyzhsky invited peasants to his estate and loved to listen and watch their songs, dances, games, round dances.
While nurturing the idea of the opera "Mermaid", the composer carefully studied everything significant that was in the literature of that time - samples of oral folk poetry, descriptions of folk life, rituals. And especially Russian folk songs. It is not surprising that Russian folk song occupies a large place in all of his work.
In the center of the opera are two peasant images: Melnik and his daughter Natasha. This prompted the composer to fill all the scenes with folk song elements. Some songs are truly folk songs, some were written by Dargomyzhsky himself.
The second act of the opera shows a picture of a princely wedding. There is a large place for choirs.
(slide 15)
The action begins with the chorus "As in the upper room, in the parlor". Its content is the glorification of the Prince and Princess. The choir is based on an original theme in the style of Russian folk ritual and majestic songs. The wedding choir is a wonderful example of festive and solemn Russian music. Hearing.
(slide 16)
The three-part female choir "Svatushka" stands out especially. In it, the composer very colorfully conveyed the comic and everyday scene of the wedding ceremony. According to folk custom, the girls surround the matchmaker and demand gifts from him. The girls sing a song in which they make fun of the hapless matchmaker. The Svatushka choir is humorous in nature.
Svatushka, svatushka, stupid svatushka;
They drove around the bride, drove into the garden,
We spilled a barrel of beer, watered all the cabbage. Hearing. Analysis.
-Genre of the work?
-Comic wedding song. The Svatushka choir is close to folk songs, because chants are encountered here.
Musical form?
-The form of the piece is a two-part verse, the 2nd part is two verses, between which there is a gap.
Does the accompaniment play a major or minor role?
-Auxiliary. He emphasizes the liveliness of the scene, the girls' joke and the clumsiness of the matchmaker.
A pictorial moment is included in the accompaniment. In the loss between the verses, the accompaniment resembles the playing of the flute that accompanies the festivities.
What can we say about diction?
-The choir "Svatushka" is light, playful in nature, to emphasize this, a clear diction is needed.
Tell me, do the wedding choirs from the opera recreate the folk rite?
-Yes.
IV. Summing up the lesson.
(slide 17)
What did we talk about today?
What does folklore mean?
Musical folklore?
The most beautiful old Russian rite?
Name the composer and his opera, where the wedding play is vividly presented.
What is the big place in the opera "Mermaid"?
What do the choirs recreate in the opera?
What is important to us? After all, we are Russian people!
(slide 18)
It is very important that the folk song is available to everyone and everyone. We must remember that we are Russians, that we have a Russian word, we have fairy tales, we have traditions.
State budgetary educational institution
Comprehensive school No. 660 of Moscow
Music lesson summary for grade 6
"Rites and customs in folklore and in creativity
Composers "
prepared
music teacher
Knyazheva Anastasia Vladimirovna
Moscow city
2012
| Mother theme | |||
| the daughter's agitated address is built on repetitive downward and upward intonations that never get completed | Confusion, anxiety, emotion, dramatic intensity of feelings | The mother's soothing responses are built on a leisurely, gradually descending melody that leads to a steady (steady tone in the tonic) | Submission, resignation to a hopeless situation |
| The song sounds tense, in a minor key |
|||
Why do you think the heroine of the song is so alarmed?
The works of artists will help you create a more complete image of the song and everything that happens in it.
Let's consider some of them (demonstration of pictures or slides on an interactive whiteboard).
- What do you see in these pictures?
- What emotions do the heroines of these pictures experience? (confusion and dismay or submission)
- Are these experiences similar to the mood of the heroine of the song "Mother ..."?
Let's write down the lyrics of the song in a notebook and try to perform it in faces.
Singing: folk song "Mother, mother, it's dusty in the field"
Mother, what's dusty in the field?
Russian folk song
- Mother, mother, what's dusty in the field?
Madam mother, what's dusty in the field?
- My dear child, the horses are playing.
- Mother, mother, guests are going to the yard,
Madam mother, guests are coming to the yard! ..
- Mother, mother, they are going to the porch,
Madam mother, they are coming to the porch! ..
- Dear child, do not be afraid, do not be afraid ...
- Mother, mother, they are going to the new room,
Madam mother, they are going to the new room! ..
- My dear child, I will not betray you!
- Mother, mother, they sit down at the tables,
Madam mother, they sit down at the tables!
- Dear child, do not be afraid, do not be afraid!
- Mother, mother, the image is being removed,
Madam mother ... I am blessed ...
- My dear child, God be with you!
Scenes of weddings in operas by Russian composers.
Wedding choirs from operas, recreate the folk rite. Today we will get acquainted with the lyrical image and the image of the magnificent healthy song.
Hearing: chorus "The swan is floating, is floating" from the opera "Khovanshchina" by M. Mussorgsky;
Hearing: chorus "We took a walk, the spring waters fell apart in the meadows" from the opera "Ivan Susanin" by M. Glinka.
Let us write down a comparative analysis of these musical fragments in the table.
Bottom line: turning to folk art helps the listener to feel the national identity of the music.
4: homework
Write down the text of a Russian folk song in a notebook, draw an illustration for it.
5: wrap up the lesson
Bright wedding episodes, reproduced in many Russian operas, are dramatically significant moments in the development of the opera. Opera is not separate numbers, not a concert in costumes, but an artistically recreated drama of life.
In today's lesson we got acquainted with the folk song "Mother ..." in the processing of Mikhail Matveyev, the folk song "The swan is floating, is floating", included in the opera "Khovanshchina" by Modest Mussorgsky and the folk style melody "Walked, the spring waters fell apart in the meadows" by Mikhail Glinka ...
- Is there a common intonation of these works?
The CONCLUSION should be formulated by the students: there is a kindred attention to the world, the assessment of everything that happens and the expression of an attitude towards life.
Bibliography:
Sergeeva G.P., Kritskaya E.D. Music lessons: 5-6 grade: a manual for the teacher.-M.: Education, 2007.
Internet resources:
I.I. Shangina "Russian traditional holidays"http://sueverija.narod.ru/Obrjadi/Obrjadi.htm
Sheet music for the song "Mother ..." http://www.a-pesni.golosa.info/rus/matuchka.htm
What is ritual folklore? First of all, it is folk art, collective or individual, oral, less often written. The folk style of communication between people usually did not involve emotions. It expressed thoughts and desires related to certain events and timed to them. Therefore, the ceremonies mainly consist of songs, lamentations, family stories, lullaby chants, wedding praises. Occasional conspiracies, spells and chants, rhymes and slander are considered a separate category.
What is ritual folklore in a broader sense
These are works of art of a small form associated with traditions, customs, religious and ethnographic genres. It should be noted that in all cases the ceremonies bear signs of a folk character. At the same time, modernity is kind of blurred. Ancient traditions with customs best fit into the past tense.
The spectrum of folklore rituals is wide enough. This is village choreography, choral singing in nature, during field work, haymaking or grazing. Since traditional customs were constantly present in the lives of ordinary people, the ritual folklore of the Russian people was and remains an integral part of their existence. The emergence of customs is always associated with long-term circumstances. An ongoing drought that threatens the harvest may be a reason for people to turn to God for help. Any natural phenomena that are dangerous to a person also make him look for a way out of this situation. And most often these are prayers and requests, candles and notes in churches.
Many rituals and ceremonial folklore in general have ritual and magical significance. They form the basis of behavioral norms in society, and sometimes even acquire traits of a national character. This fact testifies to the depth of folklore values, which means that
Folklore rituals are divided into labor, holiday, family and love spells. Russians are closely intertwined with the folklore of other Slavic peoples. And in addition, they are often associated typologically with the population of some countries located on the other side of the world. The interconnection of cultures that seem different at first glance is often due to a historically established analogy.
Ivan Kupala holiday
Ritual folklore in Russia has always been self-sufficient and did not need to be fed from outside. The originality of Russian traditions and customs not only passed from generation to generation, but also grew with new rituals, often exotic. The most notable folklore rite is This rite has pagan roots. On the night of Ivan Kupala, high fires were kindled, and each of those present had to jump over the fire. This was not always possible, there was a danger of falling and getting burned.
At night on Ivan Kupala, it was customary to commit ritual atrocities, steal livestock from neighbors, ravage hives, trample gardens and firmly prop up the doors in the huts with sticks so that residents could not get out. The motives of all these actions are still unclear. The next day, the outraged fellow villagers again became level-headed citizens.
Song rite
Poetry occupies a significant place in Russian ritual folklore, which can be conditionally divided into song (spells, cory, magnificant songs) and magic (love spells, sentences, lamentations).
Spell songs appealed to nature, asked for well-being in the household and family affairs. Cheering sang at Shrovetide, kolyada and other celebrations. Corral chants were of a mocking character.
Rites and calendar
Along with others, ritual folklore of the calendar type existed in Russia, which was directly related to agricultural work in the broadest sense. Calendar-ritual songs are the oldest folk art, historically formed over the long years of peasant labor in the field and at haymaking.
The agricultural calendar, the order of field work by the seasons is a kind of program of the song genre. All folk melodies, born behind the plow, harrow and weeding. The words are simple, but this song poetry contained the whole gamut of human experiences, hope for good luck, anxious expectations, uncertainty, replaced by glee. Nothing unites people like a single goal for all, be it harvesting or choral singing. Social values inevitably take some form. In this case, it is folklore and with it Russians and customs.
Folklore by seasons
The songs of the spring ritual repertoire sounded merry. They are like jokes, reckless and cocky. The chants of the summer months seemed deeper, they were sung with a sense of accomplishment, but as if with a hidden expectation of a miracle - a good harvest. In autumn, during the harvest season, ritual songs rang like a stretched string. People did not relax for a minute, otherwise you will not have time to collect everything before the rains.
Reason for fun
And when the bins were full, then the folk fun began, ditties, round dances, dances and weddings. Ritual folklore of the calendar phase of intense labor smoothly turned into festivities and free life with feasts. The youth looked closely at each other, new acquaintances were made. And here the traditional customs were not forgotten, the ritual folklore of the Russian people "stood up at full height." In the huts, fortune-telling began on the betrothed-mummers, the girls burned candles for hours and swayed rings on thin threads. Cherevichki and felt boots were thrown over their shoulders, a whisper was heard in the upper room.
Christmas carols
What is ritual folklore in terms of religion? The Feast of the Nativity of Christ is considered one of the most traditional in Russia. It follows immediately after the New Year. It is generally accepted that how you spend this holiday will be the same throughout the year. Others consider Christmas to be the beginning of the new year. This is the main Russian religious event. On January 6, on Christmas Eve, the caroling began. These are festive rounds of houses and apartments with songs and sacks full of grain. Children usually go caroling. Everyone wants to receive a pie or a handful of sweets from the owners of the house in response to congratulations on the holiday.
The eldest in the procession of carols usually carries on a pole the "Star of Bethlehem", which appeared in heaven when Jesus Christ was born. The owners, whom they came to with carols, should not skimp on gifts for children, otherwise they will have to listen to comic reproaches from children.
The main night of the year
A few days after Christmas, the New Year came (today we call it the Old New Year), which was also accompanied by folklore rituals. People wished each other happiness, long life and every success in business. Congratulations were presented in the form of short carols. Folk rituals were also "sub-dish" songs that accompanied fortune-telling after midnight. This is what ritual folklore is on New Year's Eve!
And when winter is coming to an end, it is time to see it off - and people go out to the streets to meet Maslenitsa. This is the time of funny winter folklore rituals with riding in troika, with races on squeaky sleighs, with ice skating games with hockey sticks. The fun continues until dark, and in the late evening the whole family sits down by the stove and recalls the past holiday. During such gatherings, they sang songs, sang ditties, played games. This is also the ritual family folklore of the Russian people. It includes family stories, wedding songs, lullabies, lamentations, and much more.