Biography of Leo Tolstoy Nikolayevich (1828 - 1910)
PEDIGREE
Great-grandfather Andrei Ivanovich served as president of the Main Moscow Magistrate. His two sons served the Fatherland: Pyotr Andreevich - an associate of Peter I, Ilya Andreevich - an officer of the Preobrazhensky Regiment. He married the daughter of the Minister of War, Pelageya Nikolaevna Gorchakova.
The son of Ilya Andreevich, Nikolai Ilyich Tolstoy, a participant in the War of 1812, in 1820 married Maria Nikolaevna Volkonskaya, the daughter of a retired general close to Catherine II. Children Nikolai, Sergey, Dmitry, Lev (August 28, 1828) and Maria were born in the family.
CHILDHOOD
Leo Nikolayevich Tolstoy was born in Yasnaya Polyana on August 28, 1828. When Lyovushka was 2 years old, her mother died. The closest person was a distant relative of the grandmother Pelageya Nikolaevna, Tatyana Aleksandrovna Ergolskaya.
STUDIES
Moving to Kazan in 1841. Here in 1844 L. Tolstoy entered the Kazan University. For a year he attends classes at the Faculty of Philosophy (Department of Arabic-Turkish Literature) and for two years at the Faculty of Law. In 1847 Leo Tolstoy left the University
CAUCASUS AND CRIMEAN WAR
In 1851, together with his elder brother Nikolai L. Tolstoy, he left for the Caucasus in the army, where he served first as a volunteer, and then as a junior artillery officer.
With the beginning of the Russian-Turkish war, L. Tolstoy submits a memorandum on his transfer to the Danube army. As an artillery officer of the fourth bastion, he participated in the defense of Sevastopol. He returned home at the end of 1855 with the Order of St. Anna "For Bravery" and medals "For the Defense of Sevastopol".
Literary activity the first half of the 1850s.
1852 - the story "Childhood", published in "Sovremennik", later "Boyhood" (1854) and "Youth" (1856) were published in it. In 1855, L. Tolstoy completed work on "Sevastopol Tales"
Literary activity of the second half of the 50s.
Returning from Sevastopol, Leo Tolstoy plunged into the literary environment of St. Petersburg. In 1857 and 1860-61 L.N. Tolstoy traveled abroad in Europe. However, he did not find peace of mind here. 1857 - the stories "Albert", "From the Notes of Prince Nekhlyudov", the story "Lucerne" 1859 - the story "Three Deaths"
Pedagogical activity
Back in 1849, L.N. Tolstoy began classes with peasant children. In 1859 he opened a school in Yasnaya Polyana. In 1872, L. Tolstoy wrote the "ABC", which was published 28 times during the life of the writer.
Life and creative maturity (1860-1870s)
1863-69 - "War and Peace" 1873-77 - "Anna Karenina". According to the writer, in the first work he was fond of “folk thought”, in the second – “family thought”. Shortly after publication, both novels were translated into foreign languages.
SPIRITUAL CRISIS
1882 The autobiographical work “Confession” was completed: “I renounced the life of our circle…” In 1880-1890 L.N. Tolstoy created a number of religious works in which he outlined his understanding of the Christian dogma. In 1901, the Holy Synod excommunicated Leo Tolstoy from the church.
Literary activity 1880-1890
In the early 1889s, Leo Tolstoy's views on art changed significantly. He came to the conclusion that he should write not "for the masters", but for "Ignats and their children" 1889-1899 - "Resurrection" 1886 - "The Death of Ivan Ilyich" 1887-89 "Kreutzer Sonata" 1896 1904 - "Hadji Murad » 1903 - "After the Ball"
FAMILY LIFE
In 1862, Lev Nikolaevich marries the daughter of a Moscow doctor, Sofya Andreevna Bers. After the wedding, the young immediately leave for Yasnaya Polyana.
Sofia Andreevna in Yasnaya Polyana long years becomes a housekeeper, housekeeper, secretary to her husband, educator of children and keeper of the hearth.
Of the 13 children, seven survived. (In the photo: Mikhail, Lev Nikolaevich, Vanechka, Lev, Sasha, Andrey, Tatyana, Sofia Andreevna, Maria) Two losses were especially noticeable: the death of the last child of Vanechka (1895) and the beloved daughter of the writer Maria (1906).
Last years.
Relations with his wife and children were strained. Finally deteriorated after a secretly written will, according to which the family was deprived of the right to literary heritage writer.
On the night of October 27-28, 1910, Leo Tolstoy secretly left native home and went to the south of Russia, where he planned to stay with familiar peasants. He died in the house of the head of the Astapovo station on November 7, 1910 at 6:55 in the morning.
The presentation "Tolstoy" will make the lesson exciting, capture the attention of schoolchildren and help them remember important information better due to the well-thought-out structure of the material. Slides are adapted for children, with their help, classes in literature will become more effective. Not every child perceives new knowledge by ear, someone needs to consolidate what they hear visually. The presentation about Tolstoy's biography is filled not only with information about the life of the writer, but also there are portraits, images, illustrations. The method of visual consolidation contributes to better assimilation of the material and fixing it in memory for a long time.
Leo Tolstoy is known to everyone for his unique style and written masterpieces. But not only the works are of great interest, the personality of the writer is also unique, he had an interesting childhood, which is now mentioned in the process of getting to know the fate of the writer. The life and work of Tolstoy are amazing and unusual, and a visual presentation of a fascinating report will help to familiarize schoolchildren with literary discoveries.
You can view the slides on the website or download the Tolstoy presentation in PowerPoint format from the link below.
Biography of Tolstoy 
Pedigree 
Parents 
Childhood 
manor 
Studies 
Caucasus and Crimean War 
Russo-Turkish War 
Literary activity of the first half of the 1850s 
Literary activity of the second half of the 1850s 
Pedagogical activity 
Life and creative maturity 
spiritual crisis 
Literary activity 1880-1890 
Family life
Spouse 
Children 
Last years 
Death
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Slides captions:
Creativity of Alexei Konstantinovich Tolstoy The presentation was prepared by the teacher primary school MBOU "Mainsk multidisciplinary lyceum" Demina O.V.
Father - Count Konstantin Petrovich Tolstoy (1779-1870), elder brother of the artist F. P. Tolstoy.
Mother - Anna Alekseevna Perovskaya, pupil ( illegitimate daughter) Count A. K. Razumovsky. Marriage with father A.K. Tolstoy was unhappy; there was an open rupture between the spouses.
Instead of his father, Alexei was raised by his maternal uncle A. A. Perovsky (Anton Pogorelsky), who composed the fairy tale "The Black Hen" for his nephew about the adventures of a boy named Alyosha.
Childhood Early childhood Alexei spent in Ukraine, on his uncle's estate.
Journey to Germany In 1826 A.K. Tolstoy with his mother and uncle Anthony Pogorelsky went to Germany. The visit to Goethe in Weimar and the fact that he sat on the lap of the great old man were especially strongly imprinted in his memory.
Meeting with Alexander II At eight years old, Tolstoy, together with his mother and uncle, moved to St. Petersburg. Through a friend of Perovsky, the boy was also introduced to the then eight-year-old heir to the throne, later Emperor Alexander II, and was among the children who came to the Tsarevich on Sundays for games. Relations with the royal family continued throughout Tolstoy's life.
In 1834, Tolstoy was assigned as a "student" to the Moscow archives of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Since 1837, he served in the Russian mission in Germany, in 1840 he received service in St. Petersburg at the royal court, in 1843 - the court rank of chamber junker.
Creativity A.K. Tolstoy In the late 1830s and early 1840s, two fantasy stories- "Ghoul Family" and "Meeting in Three Hundred Years". In May 1841, Tolstoy first appeared in print, publishing a separate book, under the pseudonym "Krasnorogsky" (from the name of the Red Horn estate), fantastic story"Ghoul". V. G. Belinsky spoke very favorably about the story, seeing in it "all the signs of a still too young, but, nevertheless, a wonderful talent."
Genre diversity of A.K. Tolstoy The main thing in Tolstoy's lyrics was beauty and love, which are present in everyday life. The poems are permeated with longing for the beautiful, sadness for the unique value of earthly, real human love - “A tear trembles in your jealous gaze ...” (1858), “In the land of rays, invisible to our eyes” (1856), “In the midst of a noisy ball, by chance ...” (1851) and others.
The romance "Among the noisy ball ..." In 1878, 3 years after the death of A.K. Tolstoy, Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky wrote music for the poems “In the midst of a noisy ball ...”, music as pure, gentle and chaste as poetry.
Autumn. Our entire poor garden is sprinkled, Yellowed leaves fly in the wind; Only in the distance they flaunt, there at the bottom of the valleys, Brushes of bright red withering mountain ash. A.K. Tolstoy
Historical images in the works of A.K. Tolstoy In his works, he pays much attention to the era of the ancient cities of Kiev and Novgorod and the era of the reign of Ivan the Terrible. These are the novel "Prince Silver", the tragedy "The Death of Ivan the Terrible" (1866), "Tsar Fyodor Ioannovich" (1868), "Tsar Boris" (1870).
Poetic legends When creating his ideals, Tolstoy does not care about historical authenticity, resorting to free conjecture, so the result was not so much a picture of history as colorful poetic legends. Simultaneously with real-life persons, heroes of legends appear in epics and ballads - Ilya Muromets, Alyosha Popovich, Sadko and others. All characters are created according to the same principle, the boundaries between history and folklore are deliberately erased.
The poem "Ilya Muromets" The poet sings in the epic hero wisdom, inner restraint, combined with heroic power and strength.
Historical drama "Posadnik" The last work of A.K. Tolstoy was a drama from the ancient Novgorod story "Posadnik". Work on it began immediately after the end of the trilogy, but he did not have time to complete it. Alexei Tolstoy died on October 10, 1875 in his estate Krasny Rog, Chernihiv province.
Museum-estate of Alexei Tolstoy, located in Krasny Rog. In the village of Krasny Rog, fifty kilometers from Bryansk, is the former estate of the most famous Russian poet, prose writer and playwright Alexei Konstantinovich Tolstoy. Currently, there is a Museum-estate here.
The grave of the poet and a monument in the village. Red Horn
Check yourself In what city was A.K. Tolstoy? What are the names of famous relatives of A.K. Tolstoy. What work did Anton Pogorelsky dedicate to A.K. Tolstoy? What was the name of P.I. Tchaikovsky, written to the verses of A.K. Tolstoy? Where A.K. was buried Tolstoy? What topics does A.K. Tolstoy in his works? The images of which heroes are reflected in the works of A.K. Tolstoy? What was the name of the work that A.K. Tolstoy did not have time to finish?
Historical truth and the powerful fantasy of the writer, combined, create the illusion of a full life of a bygone time. The personality of Peter turned out to be extraordinary and in itself began to influence the era. Peter becomes the center of application of active forces, turns out to be at the head of the class struggle between local nobility and the emerging bourgeoisie. The era needs such a person as Peter, and he himself was looking for the application of his strength. There was an interaction here.
The historical novel "Peter 1" is an inexhaustible source of detailed and very interesting information about the time of Peter the Great, about social conflicts, state and cultural reforms, about life, customs and people of that turbulent era. And most importantly, it is a source of figurative representations of a life long gone, enlivened by a generous and cheerful talent. The seal of the writer's unique talent lies on the entire narrative of the era of Peter, therefore, along with historical knowledge and direct artistic impressions from the novel give us a vivid idea of the writer himself, his creative personality, and the peculiarities of his approach to life.
One of the first editions of A.N. Tolstoy "Russian character" (library of a Red Army soldier)- Already at the end of his life, Tolstoy had to endure perhaps the most powerful shock - the Great Patriotic War.
- war. The writer did not doubt for a moment that Russia would stand and win in this terrible tragedy, but he grieved for the sacrifices that had to be made on the altar of Victory. During this period, Tolstoy wrote stories, later combined into a cycle called "Stories of Ivan Sudarev".
- Using the well-known form in the literature "story within a story" Tolstoy tells about wonderful Russian people: Yegor Dremov, his parents - Yegor Yegorovich and Marya Polikarpovna, about his bride Katya. Each actor story - personality.
- July 5-August 23
- 1943
- The Battle of Kursk occupies the Great Patriotic War special place.
- It lasted 50 days and nights, from July 5 to August 23, 1943 This battle has no equal in its bitterness and stubbornness of the struggle.
- Our troops did not flinch. They met the avalanche of enemy tanks and infantry with unprecedented stamina and courage. Offensive shock groups the enemy was suspended.
- On the evening of August 5, in honor of this major success in Moscow for the first time in two years of the war salute was given. Since that time, artillery salutes have constantly announced the glorious victories of Soviet weapons.
- August 23 Kharkov was liberated. So the battle on the Kursk fiery arch ended victoriously.
- For courage and heroism, over 100 thousand Soviet soldiers - participants in the Battle of the Fiery Arc, were awarded orders and medals.
- The Battle of Kursk ended with a radical turning point in the Great Patriotic War.
- Lieutenant Dremov himself is a brave but modest person. The star of the hero and the orders speak for themselves, but the lieutenant never bulges forward, is not proud of his feats before his comrades. “He did not like to talk about military exploits.” “It’s reluctant to remember such things!” "Frowning and smoking."
- But misfortune happened to the lieutenant, he was on fire in the tank and his face changed a lot. “After eight months, when the bandages were removed, he looked at his and now not his face. The nurse who was handing him a small mirror turned away and began to cry. He immediately returned the mirror to her: “It happens worse,” he said, “you can live with this.”
- The Battle of Kursk was for Yegor the boundary between the life where he is young, brave, handsome in appearance, and another, where he is young, brave, but ugly in appearance.
- Indeed, he did not lose his sight, could continue to fight, and did his job quite well and skillfully. Rewarded with leave, Dremov went home.
- Due to his youth and inexperience, Dremov thought that his bride would refuse him, that his parents would be frightened. mother's heart prompted her that a son it came. But father one cannot understand in any way that a man can be ashamed of such a face: “You need to be proud of such a face as this one, who came to us,” Yegor Yegorovich will say, appreciating the feat of a soldier.
- For the bride it turned out to be more important inner beauty Dremova. Katya came to the front (one can imagine how much effort it took her to achieve this trip!) To confirm her word to the groom: “Egor, I was going to live with you forever. I will love you truly, I will love you very much... Do not send me away...”
- Through the mouth of his hero, Ivan Sudarev, the writer admires Russian characters, persistent and faithful, loving and tender. It fell to these people to live in a harsh time, but they are worthy of their fate.
- « Yes, here they are, Russian characters! It seems that a man is simple, but a severe misfortune will come, in big or small, and a great power rises in him - human beauty.
- A.N. Tolstoy