Art helps to draw attention. What knowledge does art give. Art helps people to pay attention to what they themselves do not always see in everyday life. "Four horsemen" engraving

Art and man have existed and developed together from the very beginning of history. At first, these were just uncertain attempts to influence reality, expressed in primitive rock paintings. Later, human skills were improved, understanding of the world became deeper, and art from a part of a magical ritual turned into a completely independent field of activity.

It is not easy to determine what art gives to a person, since the sphere of its influence on the life and consciousness of the population of the third planet from the Sun is extremely large. Still worth a try.

Let's start small

If you do not go into details and start with the most obvious things, of course, you should note the function What knowledge does art give? First of all, it instills in a person an understanding of the beautiful, and an understanding of both a rational nature and a spiritual one.

Perhaps this difference should be clarified. A person who is more or less versed in cultural studies and art history is able to realize the value, beauty and greatness of strokes, chasing or filigree construction of notes. In this he will definitely see a certain system. In this case, the understanding will be purely rational.

Now a little about the spiritual understanding of beauty. What does art give us if not the pleasure of perceiving it? In this case, we are talking, rather, about awareness, the formation of the supersensitivity of the human soul through contact with art.

Art and history

Why do we need such knowledge? The knowledge that gives art is necessary for humanity in order to be aware of itself. Where, if not in the creations of great authors, the whole essence of history is reflected in almost its original form? In fact, any act of creation is a response to a changed world.

For example, they call it the most accurate reflection of historical events: revolutions and uprisings, discoveries and inventions. The same can be said about painting, architecture or music. The difference lies only in the language in which art tells its story: these are notes, features of carving and sculpting, or the specifics of strokes and the choice of colors and shapes.

So, what knowledge does art give? It opens before us history in all the grandeur of the past and the mystery of the future.

Art speaking

The creative heritage gives us knowledge not only about history, but also about a person as such. When we come into contact with other peoples, we become familiar with their worldview, we understand more deeply their values, peculiarities of life, foundations, traditions.

If it is necessary to define it, art in this context is the language in which the peoples of the world speak among themselves. accessible to all mankind, not knowing the language barrier.

Creation and Science

If we talk about what knowledge art gives, we must not forget about its huge role in scientific progress. by and large perceives cultural heritage as an applied, secondary component of progress. This assumption can be safely called erroneous.

In fact, it was art that often acted as the most powerful engine of scientific thought. Fantastic aircraft, submarines, ships capable of conquering space, originally existed in the environment of art, and only then became the property of scientists. Recall, for example, the flying ship from the famous Russian fairy tale or "Nautilus" by Jules Verne.

Leonardo da Vinci at one time was significantly ahead of science, working on the drawings of not only weapons, but also aircraft. He is also famous for his works in the field of anatomy. Most of the world, he is still known as a great artist.

Ethical component

It is simply impossible to talk about art outside the ethical context. It is this, in fact, that is the best indicator of good and evil, justice and self-interest, spiritual beauty and inner ugliness. If we talk about what knowledge art gives, one cannot but mention the ethical component.

Almost all artistic creations of world culture are aimed at explaining to humanity the steadfastness of truth, goodness and beauty. Of course, if you look at this or that work of art literally, you can assume that due to certain features, it does not embody beauty or the ideals of humanity. Nevertheless, it is thanks to this that a clear idea of what is good and what is bad is formed in us. In fact, from children's fairy tales to cinematographic works, art fosters humanity in us.

Impossible is possible

Finally, art teaches us the most important thing - the realization that there are no impossible things, unbearable burdens and unattainable goals in the world. Beethoven's example teaches us that even if you are practically deaf you can write amazing symphonies that humanity will carry through the centuries and will admire them.

The novel "Ulysses", recognized as the pinnacle of world modernism, was written by James Joyce in a constant struggle against blindness.

The ceiling of the famous Sistine Chapel was painted by Michelangelo alone.

Based on these facts, what knowledge does art give? First of all, it is a clear realization that there is nothing impossible for a person in the world if he creates.

Healing by creation

Around the world, for a long time, the practice of treating mental disorders has been actively used by including patients in the art environment. This can be a simple demonstration of reproductions or listening sessions. classical music... The direct act of creation can also be involved. Most psychiatrists in the world are convinced that it is through initiation into creative activity that it most quickly comes to normal.

Speaking about what values art gives, one should not forget about the fact of a positive effect on the human body. By the way, this kind of practice is used not only in the environment of psychiatry - it is common for mankind to turn to art to fight fear.

Exceptional features

So, we have listed the main ways of interaction between man and art. Now let's pay attention to what is the peculiarity of the cultural heritage.

In terms of the breadth of possible knowledge, art simply has no equal. For example, if we are talking about science (physics, algebra or biology), we are faced with a completely separate branch of human knowledge. In it it is possible, but difficult, to deviate aside, to touch the rest of the world.

Art includes the whole world. Literature, for example, can cover ethics, play with the laws of physics, and refer to history, biology, or astronomy. Painting provides an excellent opportunity to comprehend not only the peculiarities of drawing techniques, but also to compare the canons of beauty in the history of mankind. Ancient greek sculptures represent the ideal body model in terms of anatomical features.

Art, which most of humanity so frivolously calls the applied branch of activity, is essentially multi-scientific, since it is this art that addresses the world and reflects it in all its beauty, completeness and grandeur.

Summary of the lesson "Art" in grade 9 "What knowledge does art give?"

(a lesson in the discovery of new knowledge, with research methods and the search for solutions to the assigned tasks, the creation of problem situations)

1 Organizational moment. Motivation.

The song “the magic world of art” sounds.

Teacher

Hello dear students, dear teachers, guests of today's lesson.

I invite you to the magical world of art. I invite you on a journey to understanding the world through art.

I hope this tutorial will be productive and we will succeed. Business then has a result if everyone puts a piece of their labor into this business. This means that the outcome of our communication depends on each of you. Once Confucius said: "If I bring a handful of earth every day, then at the end I will create a mountain."

2. Updating knowledge.

At the beginning of our lesson, I will ask you to remember

What kinds of art do you know!

(children's answers) -music, painting, literature, culture, theater, cinema, decorative and applied art, etc.

1 slide

I would like to start our lesson with the words from our paragraph.

Art helps people converton what in everyday life they themselves do not always see. It kind of opens up familiarthings and phenomena from the other side.

It is especially important that art gives people knowledge sometimes imperceptibly, unobtrusively.

3. Creation of a problematic situation.

Teacher:

So two words.

Art. Knowledge. (Attach words on the board)

Teacher: I propose to combine these two words into one sentence. It's very short !!! (the tip is on the surface)

Your options.

2 slide

So I propose to write down the topic of the lesson:"What knowledge does art give?"

I propose to identify problem, which we must decide for a lesson

You have been given words for reference

3 slide knowledge, past, art, science, embodiment, future, reality, (1 min)

Discussion of assumptions (1 min)

4 slide The knowledge gained in the past in various forms of art has found its scientific confirmation in the future.

4. Goal setting

So we have to combine already three words - the science of knowledge, art

And formulate the purpose of the lesson (children's work assumption)

5 slide

"Reveal and explore scientific knowledge in art!"

5. The stage of primary assimilation of knowledge.

area of study painting (plate on the blackboard)

6 slide Here is a painting by J. E. Lyotard "The Chocolate Girl". Take a close look at the entire background of this painting, what can you say?

Children's answers (Decomposition of light into 7 colors of the spectrum)

7 slide

Teacher: Yes guys! The artist Lyotard decomposed light according to laws that were not yet known to physics at that time.

Teacher: Attention to the screen!

Demonstration of a video about the decomposition of light. (Primary consolidation of knowledge)

8 slide The artist V. Kandinsky developed a theory of the influence of color on human emotions, approached the solution of the problems of modern psychology.

9 slide

Teacher Let's check our feelings. Does color affect us? (initial knowledge test)

10 slide Red

11 slide Blue

12 slide green

13 slide yellow

14 slide White

15 slide Black

16 slide Work at the blackboard (primary consolidation of knowledge) - compliance

Questions: Why is the ceiling white?

What colors do you have in the hall and in the bedroom?

17 slide Painting technique of the artist VAN GOGA

Challenge: Research the technique and make assumptions!

One student is invited to the blackboard and puts a dot on the canvas, extending it, the conclusion is that the line turns out to be semicircular, (initial test of knowledge) and this means ... ..

Teacher: We read it in a textbook ... .. The artist's peculiar, as if chaotically looped, manner of writing, as it turned out, is nothing more than a brightness distribution corresponding to a mathematical description of a turbulent flow. The theory of which was laid down by the great mathematician A. Kolmogorov only by the middle of the XX century. Scientists, explaining the phenomenon of turbulence, solve a serious problem in aviation: after all, today the cause of many airit becomes exactly turbulence.

Scientists who digitized and mathematically calculated the works of the French artist V. Van Gogh argue that he had a unique gift to see that which is not given to mere mortals - air currents. Attention to the screen!

Demonstration of the video is the primary consolidation of knowledge.

Field of study - REFERENCES

18 slide

Teacher:

We are going to get acquainted with 2 literary works.

Excerpt from them are works A. Tolstoy's "Engineer Garin's Hyperboloid" is on your table. I ask you to read the text and suggest what Garin invented? (2 min)

Teacher: Who is Jules Verne? And what did he invent, who knows?

Children's answers (hint in the slide.)

Slide 20

Teacher:

In his works, J. Verne predicted scientific discoveries and inventions in a wide variety of fields, including scuba gear, television and space travel. As well as:
Electric chair
Airplane.
Helicopter.
Space flights, including the moon.
Video communication and television.
and much more

Slide 21 Study area Universe

A. Einstein, the creator of the theory of relativity, said that the Universe is a layered cake, where each layer has its own time and its own density, structure, forms of movement and existence. Prove that this statement is true!

Children's answers - an initial test of knowledge

Study area - music

Slide 22

Teacher: An outstanding musician, the founder of classicism in music. He is the founder of the strict laws of music - this is J.S.Bach.

One of the unique guesses about the polyphony of the Universe was the greatest musical creativeopening of the 17th century - fugue - a genre of polyphonic music,which received its development in the work of I.-S. Bach. It is the fugue with its voices entering at different times that represents a kind of figurative model of the structure of the Universe. (Primary assimilation of knowledge)

Problematic situation.Describe your friends in class according to their vivid personality.

Listen to the fugue.What associations does music evoke in you? (Consolidation of knowledge)Listening to the muses of the fragment.

Slide 23

Our experience will serve as a proof of the assumption of Einstein and Bach. Works in 3 groups in rows and one with a teacher

Sand composition (consolidation of knowledge)

Slide 24 Who is this? (problem situation)

Leonardo's scientific discoveries and painting are inseparable, so we will bring science closer to painting.

Teacher: On the tables you have texts with the discoveries of Leonardo da Vinci.

I will ask you to turn to each other for 4 people and discuss the discoveries in three groups.

1 reads, everyone listens (1 min) draw conclusions.

Read conversation

Problematic situation.

Many of Leonardo da Vinci's discoveries were not reflected in life. What do you think is the reason?

4. Generalization of the results. Reflection.

Teacher:

Our art research is complete, but in only one lesson.

Let's sum up some results

QUESTION: What helps these people to anticipate events?

Children's answers

Teacher: This quality can only be in people with well-developed imaginative thinking. Because the artistic thinking better than other people, developed among artists, composers, writers - people whose profession is the creative completion of reality, it is they who most often make amazing predictions, which often come true after a while.

Slide 27

Back to the problem

The knowledge gained in various types of art has found its scientific confirmation in the future.

Have we proven this? Have we coped with our goal?

And now the test of knowledge - I propose to check it by testing

Slide 28-29

Slide 30

Swap tests and check

Work of each other.

Installation of butterflies.
The parable of the full glass.

Slide 31

5 Homework

Artistic and creative task

P. 125 Give other examples of scientific knowledge in works of art.

Thank you for the lesson!!!

Preview:

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Slide captions:

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What knowledge does art give

A) no B) yes

2. What did the Russian writer A. Tolstoy predict in the novel "The Hyperboloid of Engineer Garin"? ________________

What knowledge does art give

1.Is the expression “any piece of art directed to the future ”?

A) no B) yes

2. What scientific knowledge was reflected in the film "Chocolate Girl" by Jean Etienne Lyotard?

3. What theory did the Russian artist V. Kandinsky develop in his paintings? A) the influence of color on human emotions B) the theory of building a submarine

C) the theory of the influence of a scientist's personality on his research

4. What gift did the French artist V. Van Gogh possess? A) turbulence B) saw air currents C) made scientific discoveries

What knowledge does art give

1. Is the expression "any work of art directed to the future" true?

A) no B) yes

2. What scientific knowledge was reflected in the film "Chocolate Girl" by Jean Etienne Lyotard?

______________________________________________

2. What did the Russian writer A. Tolstoy predict in the novel "The Hyperboloid of Engineer Garin"? _______________

3. What theory did the Russian artist V. Kandinsky develop in his paintings? A) the influence of color on human emotions B) the theory of building a submarine

C) the theory of the influence of a scientist's personality on his research

4. What gift did the French artist V. Van Gogh possess? A) turbulence B) saw air currents C) made scientific discoveries

What knowledge does art give

1. Is the expression "any work of art directed to the future" true?

A) no B) yes

2. What scientific knowledge was reflected in the film "Chocolate Girl" by Jean Etienne Lyotard?

______________________________________________

2. What did the Russian writer A. Tolstoy predict in the novel "The Hyperboloid of Engineer Garin"? _________________

3. What theory did the Russian artist V. Kandinsky develop in his paintings? A) the influence of color on human emotions B) the theory of building a submarine

C) the theory of the influence of a scientist's personality on his research

4. What gift did the French artist V. Van Gogh possess? A) turbulence B) saw air currents C) made scientific discoveries

What knowledge does art give

1. Is the expression "any work of art directed to the future" true?

A) no B) yes

2. What scientific knowledge was reflected in the film "Chocolate Girl" by Jean Etienne Lyotard?

_______________________________________

2. What did the Russian writer A. Tolstoy predict in the novel "The Hyperboloid of Engineer Garin"? _______________

3. What theory did the Russian artist V. Kandinsky develop in his paintings? A) the influence of color on human emotions B) the theory of building a submarine

C) the theory of the influence of a scientist's personality on his research

4. What gift did the French artist V. Van Gogh possess? A) turbulence B) saw air currents C) made scientific discoveries

What knowledge does art give

1. Is the expression "any work of art directed to the future" true?

A) no B) yes

2. What scientific knowledge was reflected in the film "Chocolate Girl" by Jean Etienne Lyotard?

______________________________________________

2. What did the Russian writer A. Tolstoy predict in the novel "The Hyperboloid of Engineer Garin"? _____________

3. What theory did the Russian artist V. Kandinsky develop in his paintings? A) the influence of color on human emotions B) the theory of building a submarine

C) the theory of the influence of a scientist's personality on his research

4. What gift did the French artist V. Van Gogh possess? A) turbulence B) saw air currents C) made scientific discoveries

11. What knowledge does art give

1.Is the expression “any work of art is directed towards the future ”?

A) no B) yes

2. What scientific knowledge was reflected in the film "Chocolate Girl" by Jean Etienne Lyotard?

____________________________________________

3. What did the Russian writer A. Tolstoy predict in the novel "The Hyperboloid of Engineer Garin"?

____________________________________________

4. What theory did the Russian artist V. Kandinsky develop in his paintings?

A) the influence of color on human emotions

B) the theory of building a submarine

C) the theory of the influence of a scientist's personality on his research

5. What gift did the French artist V. Van Gogh possess?

A) turbulence

B) saw air currents

C) made scientific discoveries

6. . J.S.Bach wrote a polyphonic work called _________

The gift of anticipation. What knowledge does art give?

Art lesson in grade 9

Lesson objectives: to give an idea of the knowledge that scientists receive through painting, music, literature and other types and genres of art; to acquaint students with objects of art that influenced science and discoveries, teach them to identify them in works of art, indicate the role of these examples for scientific knowledge; broaden the horizons of students, promote the development of creative thinking

Evelyn de Morgan. Cassandra

1.Organizational moment

2. Teacher's introduction

The expression "Cassandra's prophecy" has become allegorical. Do you know what this soothsayer was known for? Let's hear the story about Cassandra. (Message from a trained student).

The same happens sometimes with works of art and literature. Some of their creators have an amazing gift for predicting the future, but they are rarely trusted, despite the fact that their predictions come true.

3 The gift of anticipation.

Since artistic thinking is better than that of other people, developed among artists, composers, writers - people whose profession is the creative completion of reality, it is they who most often make amazing predictions, which often come true after some time.
Works of art were more than once anticipated historical events, scientific discoveries, the development of technical progress, etc.

Can you give examples when art anticipates the future? (Students talk about fairy tales, fantasy). This means that the energy of art awakens feelings and consciousness, and the authors of works, and people who perceive them.

No less important are works of art in which the authors, keenly aware of their time, foresee its further development and seek to warn people about social and political dangers, to make them be more tolerant, attentive, kinder and more restrained.

Task 1 Review the illustrations.

Explain the concepts: allegory, metaphor, allegory, personification - using the example of works you know different types art.

(Magic objects that help the heroes of fairy tales predicted the appearance of cars, an airplane, a multicooker, a TV and other household items)

4. What knowledge does art give? Let's try to answer this question using the following knowledge.
In the history of mankind, art has repeatedly discovered knowledge of scientific significance. For example, an artist of the 18th century. J.-E. Lyotard in the film "Chocolate Girl" decomposed light according to laws that were still unknown to physics at that time.

French science fiction writer of the 19th century. J. Verne in his novel "20 Thousand Leagues Under the Sea" predicted the appearance of a submarine, and the Russian writer of the XX century. A. Tolstoy in the novel "The Hyperboloid of Engineer Garin" - the appearance of the laser. The artist V. Kandinsky, having developed a theory of the influence of color on human emotions, approached the solution of the problems of modern psychology and art therapy (healing by art).

Van Gogh "Crows over a wheat field"

Scientists who digitized and mathematically calculated the works of the French artist V. van Gogh argue that the artist's peculiar, seemingly chaotically looped manner of writing is nothing more than a brightness distribution corresponding to the mathematical description of a turbulent flow, the theory of which was laid down by the great mathematician A. Kolmogorov only by the middle of the XX century.

One of the unique guesses about the polyphony of the Universe was the greatest musical creative discovery of the 17th century. - fugue - a genre of polyphonic music, which was developed in the works of I.-S. Bach. (Listening to a fragment of the fugue by J.-S. Bach) Two and a half centuries later, A. Einstein, the creator of the theory of relativity, will say that the Universe is a layer cake, where each layer has its own time and density, structure, forms of movement and existence. This is, in fact, an image that brings us closer to understanding the fugue. It is the fugue with its voices entering at different times that represents a kind of figurative model of the structure of the Universe.

5 Conclusion.

Assignment 2

How do you now answer the question: What knowledge does art give?

Write the answer in a notebook.

6 Homework:

Remember the fairy tales folk legends, legends, whose characters anticipated the phenomena and events of the future.

Give examples of the scientific value of artistic knowledge.

Let's start small

Without going into details and starting with the most obvious things, of course, the function of aesthetic pleasure should be noted. What knowledge does art give? First of all, it instills in a person an understanding of the beautiful, and an understanding of both a rational nature and a spiritual one.

Art and history

The literary process, for example, is called the most accurate reflection of historical events: revolutions and uprisings, discoveries and inventions. The same can be said about painting, architecture or music. The difference lies only in the language in which art tells its story: these are notes, features of carving and sculpting, or the specifics of strokes and the choice of colors and shapes.

So, what knowledge does art give? It opens before us history in all the grandeur of the past and the mystery of the future.

Art speaking

The creative heritage gives us knowledge not only about history, but also about a person as such. By touching the cultural values of other peoples, we become familiar with their worldview, we more deeply understand their values, peculiarities of life, foundations, traditions.

If it is necessary to define it, art in this context is the language in which the peoples of the world speak among themselves. This is a dialogue accessible to all mankind, which does not know the language barrier.

Creation and Science

If we talk about what knowledge art gives, we must not forget about its huge role in scientific progress. Modern man, by and large, perceives cultural heritage as an applied, secondary component of progress. This assumption can be safely called erroneous.

Ethical component

Impossible is possible

The novel "Ulysses", recognized as the pinnacle of world modernism, was written by James Joyce in a constant struggle against blindness.

The ceiling of the famous Sistine Chapel was painted by Michelangelo alone.

Based on these facts, what knowledge does art give? First of all, it is a clear realization that there is nothing impossible for a person in the world if he creates.

Healing by creation

Around the world, for a long time, the practice of treating mental disorders by including patients in the art environment has been actively used. This can be a simple demonstration of reproductions or sessions of listening to classical music. The direct act of creation can also be involved. Most psychiatrists in the world are convinced that it is through initiation into creative activity that the human nervous system most quickly returns to normal.

Exceptional features

So, we have listed the main ways of interaction between man and art. Now let's pay attention to what is the peculiarity of the cultural heritage.

Art includes the whole world. Literature, for example, can cover ethics, play with the laws of physics, refer to history, biology, or astronomy. Painting provides an excellent opportunity to comprehend not only the peculiarities of drawing techniques, but also to compare the canons of beauty in the history of mankind. Ancient Greek sculptures represent the ideal body model in terms of anatomical features.

Art anticipates the future

Gift of Anticipation

IN ancient greek mythology tells about the daughter of the Trojan king - Cassandra, whom Apollo first awarded the gift of prophecy, and then, when the girl rejected his love, made people stop believing her. Therefore, when Cassandra, predicting the death of Troy, tried to warn the Trojans about the danger that lurks in the wooden horse, no one believed her. And Troy, as you know, really died. The expression "Cassandra's prophecy" has become allegorical.

What helps these people to anticipate events? Maybe intuition? The ability to make an assumption, to solve a problem, without all the necessary data, which in this case are conjectured? This quality can only be in people with well-developed imaginative thinking.

Works of art more than once anticipated historical events, scientific discoveries, the development of technical progress, etc. The energy of art awakens the feelings and consciousness of both the authors of works and the people who perceive them.

Remember fairy tales, folk legends, legends, the characters of which anticipated the phenomena and events of the future.

Explain the concepts: allegory, metaphor, allegory, personification - using the example of works of different types of art known to you.

What knowledge does art give?

Art helps people to pay attention to what they themselves do not always see in everyday life. It kind of opens up familiar things and phenomena from a new perspective. It is especially important that art gives people knowledge at times imperceptibly unobtrusively.

In the history of mankind, art has repeatedly discovered knowledge of scientific significance. For example, an artist of the 18th century. J.-E. Lyotard in the film "Chocolate Girl" decomposed light according to laws that were still unknown to physics at that time.

The artist V. Kandinsky, having developed a theory of the influence of color on human emotions, approached the solution of the problems of modern psychology and art therapy (healing by art).

Many works of literature, cinema, theater, telling about scientific discoveries (for example, the film "Nine Days of One Year" directed by M. Romm, based on the novel by D. Granin "I'm Going into a Thunderstorm", etc.), will not teach how to set up experiments or make experiments. But they will learn from them what different people are engaged in science, how the path of research depends on the individuality of the scientist, and how dangerous it is when individuals who are far from its interests penetrate into science.

Scientists who digitized and mathematically calculated the works of the French artist V. van Gogh argue that he possessed a unique gift to see that which is not given to mere mortals - air currents. The artist's peculiar, seemingly chaotically looped manner of writing, as it turned out, is nothing more than a brightness distribution corresponding to the mathematical description of a turbulent flow, the theory of which was laid down by the great mathematician A. Kolmogorov only by the middle of the 20th century. Scientists, explaining the phenomenon of turbulence, solve a serious problem in aviation: after all, today it is turbulence that becomes the cause of many air disasters.

One of the unique guesses about the polyphony of the Universe was the greatest musical creative discovery of the 17th century. - fugue - a genre of polyphonic music, which was developed in the works of I.-S. Bach. Two and a half centuries later, A. Einstein, the creator of the theory of relativity, will say that the Universe is a layer cake, where each layer has its own time and its own density, structure, forms of movement and existence. This is, in fact, an image that brings us closer to understanding the fugue. It is the fugue with its voices entering at different times that represents a kind of figurative model of the structure of the Universe.

Predictions in art

Any work of art is directed towards the future. In the history of art, you can find many examples of artists warning their fellow citizens about the impending social danger: wars, schisms, revolutions, etc. The ability to providence is inherent in great artists, perhaps it is in it that the main strength of art lies.

The German Renaissance painter and graphic artist Albrecht Durer (1471-1528) created a series of engravings "Apocalypse" (Greek apokalypsis - revelation - this word serves as the title of one of the ancient church books, which contains prophecies about the end of the world). The artist expressed an alarming expectation of world-historical changes, which really shook Germany after a while. The most significant of this series is the Four Horsemen engraving. Horsemen - Death, Judgment, War, Pestilence - sweep furiously across the land, sparing neither kings nor commoners. Swirling clouds and horizontal strokes of the background increase the speed of this frantic gallop. But the arrow of the archer rests against the right edge of the engraving, as if stopping this movement.

According to the plot of the Apocalypse, the horsemen appear on the ground in turn, but the artist deliberately placed them side by side. Everything is like in life - war, pestilence, death, judgment come together. It is believed that the key to such an arrangement of figures lies in Dürer's desire to warn contemporaries and descendants that, having crushed the wall, which the artist erected in the form of the edge of the engraving, the horsemen will inevitably burst into the real world.

Examples of predictions as the art of social change and upheaval can be considered etchings by F. Goya, paintings "Guernica" by P. Picasso, "Bolshevik" by B. Kustodiev, "New Planet" by K. Yuon and many others.

In the painting "Bolshevik" Boris Mikhailovich Kustodiev (1878-1927) used a metaphor (hidden meaning), which for many decades has not been unraveled. Using this example, one can understand how the content of the picture is filled with a new meaning, how the era with its new views, changed value orientations puts new meanings into the content.

For many years, this picture was interpreted as a solemn hymn to a staunch, firm spirit, unbending revolutionary who rises above the ordinary world, which he overshadows with a red flag soaring into the sky. Events of the last decade of the twentieth century. made it possible to understand what the artist consciously or, most likely, unconsciously felt at the beginning of the century. Today this picture, like "New Planet" by K. Yuon, is filled with new content. But how the artists at that time managed to feel the coming social changes so accurately remains a mystery.

IN musical art an example of this kind of foresight is the play for orchestra "The Question Left Unanswered" ("Space Landscape") by the American composer Charles Ives (1874-1954). It was created at the beginning of the 20th century. - at the time when scientific discoveries were made in the field of space exploration and the creation of flying vehicles (K. Tsiolkovsky).

This piece, built on the dialogue of strings and woodwind instruments, became a philosophical reflection on the place and role of man in the Universe.

The Russian artist Aristarkh Vasilievich Lentulov (1882-1943) in his dynamic compositions strove to express the inner energy of the object. Crushing objects, pushing them on top of each other, shifting planes and plans, he created the feeling of a lightning-fast changing world. In this restless, shifting, rushing and split space, familiar outlines of Moscow cathedrals, views of Novgorod, historical events expressed in allegorical form, flowers and even portraits are guessed. Lentulov is worried about the bottomless depths of human consciousness, which is in constant motion. He is attracted by the opportunity to convey something that is generally inconceivable, for example, the spreading sound in the painting “Ringing. Ivan the Great belltower".

In the paintings "Moscow" and "St. Basil the Blessed" unprecedented, fantastic forces shift the established forms and concepts, the chaotic mixing of colors conveys kaleidoscopic, fragile images of the city and individual structures that break down into countless elements. All this appears before the audience as a moving, flickering, sounding, emotionally saturated world. The widespread use of metaphor helps the artist transform ordinary things into vivid generalized images.

In Russian musical art, the theme of bell-ringing has found a vivid embodiment in the work of various composers of the past and present: (M. Glinka, M. Mussorgsky, S. Rachmaninov, G. Sviridov, V. Gavrilin. A. Petrov, etc.).