In Russian, the spelling of unstressed endings of adjectives can be checked by question. In some cases, the correct spelling of a word should be remembered as exceptions.
Instruction
1. The case endings of adjectives are often consonant with the endings of the question they answer. To check the ending adjective, put a question word what? Let's say about (what?) A silk shirt, without (what?) a question word, at (what?) Affectionate call.
2. Possessive adjectives are formed from nouns with the help of a separating soft sign (suffix yot). Adjectives with the endings -i (hare), -ya (hare), -i (hare), -e (hare) are written with a soft sign in all cases (hare, hare, hare, about hare, hare, hare, hare, hare , hare, about hare). The exception is the nominative and accusative cases of the masculine gender of the exceptional number (hare).
3. Adjectives ending in -chi (sighted, nomadic) in case forms are written opposite. Due to the absence of the suffix yot in oblique cases, the soft sign is not written in similar words. Let's say a sighted pirate with a stray dog.
4. The words intercity, suburban, suburban are exceptions and end in -th, -th (suburban, intercity, suburban), -th (suburban, intercity, suburban), -th (suburban, intercity, suburban), due to a change in solid types of inclination. The words boundless, out-of-town change according to a mild variety of declension and end in -y, -ee (boundless, out-of-town), -ya (boundless, out-of-town), -ye (endless, out-of-town). The spelling of these words must be memorized.
5. According to the materials of the site www.gramma.ru, based on the research of D. E. Rozental, adjectives ending in -yy, in the nominative case of the masculine singular, have a short form that ends in -en. Say, slender - slender.
A cool tone in modern society is the knowledge to correctly express your thoughts both orally and in writing. With the spread of computer technology and electronic communication, it has become easier to check spelling.
Instruction
1. The easiest method is to take it at home, in the nearest library, or find a spelling book on the Internet. vocabulary and take advantage of it.
2. If you use a computer, then the Word program from the Microsoft Office software package may be suitable for verification. Run it and choose the "Make" command from the "File" menu. Start typing. As you type, the program will check your words, and highlight false ones with a red underline, offering correction options through the right-click context menu.
3. To check spelling, you can use Internet sources. Launch the browser and type http://api.yandex.ru/speller in the address entry line, and then press the Enter key. You will see the interface of the Yandex spell check page in the form of a large text field. Enter text or paste a previously copied passage, and then click "Check Text".
4.
You can use a similar service at http://soft-4-free.ru/speller/proverka-orfografii.html. Use the source of the multilingual spell check of the Advego online service, the one located at http://advego.ru/text. Try Orangoo, an alternative multilingual service. To do this, visit http://orangoo.com/spellcheck.
5.
If mechanical correction of misspelled words is required, the services at http://perevodspell.ru/speller.php or the service with extended functionality at http://prolingoffice.com/services/translate will help.
6. Take a look at the page of the multiservice source for literacy testing GRAMOTA.RU. Type in the browser its address http://gramota.ru and check the spelling of the words.
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Tip 3: How to check the unstressed ending of a noun
The noun and the correct spelling of endings are learned at school. Over time, primitive rules are forgotten and errors begin to occur. Remember what needs to be done in order to check the unstressed the ending name noun.
Instruction
1. Nouns differ by gender: masculine, feminine, neuter. The ending of a noun depends on the case and on the declension. In order to positively write the ending, first determine the declension of the noun. Repeat: 1st declension - spouse, female, gender, endings A, Z; 2nd declension - spouse. genus null the ending, 3rd declension - female. genus null the ending .
2. Next, determine the case of the noun. If the word is written in the genitive case and refers to the first declension - Y-I; second declension - A-Z; the third declension - I. If the word is in the dative case of the first declension - E; second declension - U-Yu; third declension - I. If the word is in the prepositional case of the first declension - E; second declension - E; third declension - I.
3. If the noun of the first declension in name the literal case ends with A, in the prepositional and dative cases of the exceptional number, write E - about water (e), about galley (her), to youth (e). If the noun is feminine in name the telative case ends in FL, in the genitive and dative cases write I. Let's say, from arm(s), to discussion(s). The same rule applies to proper names - to Mari(i), o Mari(i).
4. Keep in mind u name and patronymics can have different endings, say, to Marie (and) Ivanovna (e). Apply the rule to all words separately. Maria ends in IYA, and Ivanovna is a noun, which in name literal case ends in A.
5. Feminine plural nouns ending in A, write without a soft sign if the word contains a hissing letter, say, barge - barge, theft - theft, grove - groves. If a feminine noun ends in OY and the accent is on the ending does not fall, in the genitive case write II - arm (s), parod (s), excursion (s). If the emphasis is on the ending falls, say, bench (s), write to HER - bench (s).
6. Soft nouns name telative case, in the genitive can be both with (b) and without it. Look at the letters in front the ending m. Say (b) write if before the ending m is a vowel - apple -o-nya - apple (n), the most high-and-nya - the highest (n). If a consonant, (b) do not write - ba-sh-nya - tower (en), cherry-sh-nya - cherry (en).
7. In the dative and prepositional cases, feminine nouns, the third declension, an exceptional number, say, whim, gap, rye and masculine - crumb, prestige, write with the ending m I. Let's say, to fashion (s), about watercolors (s). Zero nouns the ending m, plural, write with (b). Let's say, doors-s - doors-s-s, daughters - daughters-s-s. Nouns bone, whip, write with (b) - bones, whips.
8. Masculine nouns of the second declension with zero the ending m - edge, garden, goose and neuter gender - sea, window, management, in the prepositional case write with the ending m E. Let's say about the edge, about the apartment, about the birds. Masculine nouns with the ending m E may have the ending U. In some cases it depends on the meaning in which the word is used. Let's say, to be in the forest, to talk about the forest. In other cases, the ending depends on the style used. Let's say, being in a workshop is considered a book option, and being in a workshop is colloquial.
9. Write the ending y(y) if you name substances with a number. Say, a glass of tea, a kilogram of honey. Consume the ending U and with a diminutive affectionate suffix. Let's say, buy medk-y, try cheese-y.
Helpful advice
Distinguish between common nouns and personal names. For example, write the noun love in the dative, genitive and prepositional cases without the vowel o - to love, oh love, there is no love, but if the name Love is meant, write - to Love-o-vi, o Love-o- in and.
(hare, hare, hare, hare, hare, hare, hare, hare, hare, hare). The exception is the nominative and accusative masculine singular (hare).
Adjectives ending in –chi (seeing, wandering) are written differently in case forms. Due to the absence of the suffix yot in oblique cases, the soft sign in such words is not. For example, a sighted pirate with a stray dog.
The words intercity, suburban, suburban are exceptions and end in -th, -th (suburban, intercity, suburban), -th (suburban, intercity, suburban), -th (suburban, intercity, suburban), due to a change in solid types of inclination. The words boundless, out-of-town change according to a mild variety of declension and end in -y, -ee (endless, out-of-town), -ya (endless, out-of-town), -ye (endless, out-of-town). The spelling of these words must be memorized.
According to the materials of the site www.gramma.ru, based on the research of D. E. Rosenthal, adjectives ending in -yny, in the nominative case of the masculine singular have a short form that ends in -en. For example, slender - slender.
Sources:
- www.gramma.ru
A noun is a part of speech denoting objects (a barrel, a building, a hat), as well as animated beings (a woman, a deer, an elephant) or phenomena (rain, radiance, freedom). In a sentence, a noun is either an object or a subject.
You will need
- Knowledge of the laws of word formation in Russian, the ability to distinguish the prefix, root, suffix and ending in a word.
Instruction
Check out what is called in the help ending. The ending or, in other words, inflection is the variable part of the word, usually located at the end, after the root (hence the name). By the end in you can determine the person, gender, case and number.
Decline the noun "carpet" by numbers:
"Carpet" (singular) - "carpets" (plural).
The ending in the plural is "ы". Note that the vowel "ё" in this word is "fluent", i.e. when putting a word into a certain form of a letter. Including when declining along:
Nominative case - "carpet-0" (The ending is zero, the root is "carpet")
Genitive case - “carpet-a” (Ending “a”, root “carpet”)
Dative case - "carpet-u"
Accusative case - "carpet-0"
Instrumental case - "carpet-om"
Prepositional case - "about the carpet"
Changed part of the word and will be considered ending.
Pay attention, nouns in the nominative case, masculine, pl. numbers may end in "a" or "i" instead of the "s" or "i" expected by the rules of declension. For example, "stog" - "stack". There are also possible cases of variability in the use of words in the nominative plural. For example, "instructors - instructors". And in the plural case, some nouns can have a zero ending, “ov”, “ev” or “ey”. For example, boots (zero ending), tangerines (ending "ov"), nails (ending "her"). It is worth mentioning another 10 dissimilar nouns cf. genders that end in "me". In dative, genitive and prepositional units. numbers, the ending of these nouns of the third declension is “and”, and in the instrumental case, the ending of the second declension is “eat / eat”. These include the burden, stirrup, udder, time, seed, crown, banner, name, flame, tribe.
Strengthen the skill of determining the ending in a noun by highlighting it in the following words.
Box, mountains, pencil case, window, trains, pullover, ship, camera, wagon, movement, hurricane, tire, elements, house, owner, horseshoe, thunder, water, freedom, accusation, hammer, work, trees, hut, sky, crane, glow, ceilings, caramel.
note
In nouns there is a special form of endings - zero. It is not expressed by sound and no letters are used to indicate it, but it also indicates the grammatical relationship of the noun with the rest of the words in the sentence.
Helpful advice
Practice highlighting the endings in the words of other parts of speech - verb, adjective, participle. At the same time, do not forget that in Russian there are parts of speech that do not have an ending - a gerund and an adverb.
Tip 3: How to check the unstressed ending of a noun
The name and the correct spelling of the endings are studied at school. Over time, simple rules are forgotten and errors begin to appear. Remember what you need to do to check for an unstressed the ending name noun.
Instruction
Names differ by gender: male, female, middle. The ending of a noun depends on the case and on the declension. To the ending, first determine the declension of the noun. Repeat: 1st declension - male, female, gender, endings A, Z; 2nd declension - male. genus null the ending, 3rd declension - female. genus null the ending.
Next, determine the case of the noun. If the word is written in the genitive case and refers to the first declension - Y-I; second declension - A-Z; the third declension - I. If the word is in the dative case of the first declension - E; second declension - U-Yu; third declension - I. If the word is in the prepositional case of the first declension - E; second declension - E; third declension - I.
If the noun of the first declension in name the literal case ends with A, in the prepositional and dative singular write E - about water (e), about galley (her), to young man (e). If the noun is feminine in name the telative case ends in FL, in the genitive and dative cases write I. For example, from arm(s) to discussion(s). The same rule applies to proper names - to Mari(i), o Mari(i).
Russian language lesson in grade 4 (EMC "Harmony")
Topic: Unstressed case endings of adjectives
Target:
Fasten:
- - knowledge about the adjective as a part of speech;
- - the ability to recognize adjectives in the text, to determine their grammatical features;
- - the ability to correctly write the endings of adjectives.
- Develop spelling vigilance, oral and written speech, logical thinking(ability to compare, highlight significant features, draw conclusions)self-monitoring and peer review skills.
- To instill love for the Russian language, for native nature
Equipment:
- Multimedia board, cards with the names of cases and parts of speech: im. and them. adj.
1 . Organizing time.
Teacher. May this lesson bring us the joy of learning.
I wish you success.
Teacher. At the minute of calligraphy today you work out the continuous spelling of letter combinations oro (Slide 1)
Teacher. Remember vocabulary words a combination of oro.
Cow, magpie, sparrow, crow, pea, city
2. Determining the topic and setting the objectives of the lesson.
Teacher. What are we going to talk about in class?(Slide 2)
I define things
They are very conspicuous with me.
I decorate your speech
You need to know me, take care.
Teacher. What is it?
Student. Adjectives
Teacher. What is an adjective? (Slide 3)
Teacher. Specify the topic of the lesson. What problem did we work on in the last Russian lessons?
Students. Unstressed case endings of adjectives. (Slide 4)
Teacher: What are the objectives of the lesson-consolidation? (Slide 5)
3. Consolidation, generalization of knowledge
Teacher. Let's recall the algorithm for writing unstressed case endings for adjectives. (Slide 6):
Student.
- Find the noun that commands the adjective
- Ask a question on behalf of a noun.
- At the stressed ending in the question, write the letter at the end of the adjective.
- Be aware of possible inconsistencies.
Teacher. What inconsistencies are you talking about?
Student. 1. In masculine adjectives I.p. graduation
Oy, -y, -oy under stress
2. In adjectives m.r. and cf. R. in R.p. graduation
Oh, his.
3. There are no matches when there is not a word before the end
Hard consonant, as in the question, but soft:
What? - winter
Definition of endingsmasculine and neuter adjectives (Slide 7).
at relatives ... at home, long ... ways
from the Black ... sea by the springs ... the sun
Working with phraseological units
(On the board. Slide 8). Read the phrases. Fill in the missing words.
Phraseologisms
What are these phrases called? ( phraseological units).
Explain the meaning of phraseological units. How do you understand them?
Phraseological units give expressiveness to our statements. They are concise and short. What part of speech do the words that you inserted into phraseological units belong to?(adjective). Prove it. (They answer the questions what? what?, etc., related to the noun).
- Explain spelling endings.
Eye charger(Slide 9).
Definition of cases
(Work with the whole class. Everyone on the cards shows the case of nouns and adjectives)).
A thin sprout has hatched - V.p.
Illuminated with bright light - Etc.
In a Russian folk tale - P.p.
About the slippery path - D.p.
About an interesting book - P.p.
At the winter coat - R.p.
Through the snow-covered streets - V.p.
Work at the blackboard (4 people).
Write in two columns the endings of adjectives and nouns from the following phrases:
A blue stripe, in a festive dress, in a new notebook, a vociferous nightingale, behind a distant grove, white hoarfrost, by the Black Sea, no blue scarf
The board looks like this:
End of adj. | Creature ending. |
Her | Ouch |
Ohm | |
Ouch | |
yy | |
Her | Her |
yy | |
Wow | |
His |
Peer review in pairs and at the blackboard. Evaluating yourself on a scale of "5 steps" (Slide 10).
Physical education minute
Work on a printed notebook(exercise 267 p. 64) (Slide 11).
Insert adjectives in the required form, asking a question on behalf of the noun, indicate the case (2 people at the blackboard).
Work on the board and in the notebook looks like this:
From branches (what?) hairy - R.p.
Trees (what?) Mighty - R.p.
Flakes (what?) heavy - etc.
To the sides (what?) are different - V.p.
Dust (what?) snow - R.p.
Checking what is written.
Evaluation on a scale of "5 steps" (Slide 10).
group work
- Define a word. (Slide 12).
Root word for driver
Suffix from a word spring
prefix from the word touch up
Word ending amazing
Got the word underwater
Definition of parts of speech of the following words:
(class shows cards: im.n. or im.appl.)
Dining room dishes - im.adj.
School canteen - im.n.
teacher's magazine - im.appl.
teacher's room closed - im.n.
Sore finger - im.adl.
A sick person came - im.n.
Duty by class - im.n.
Duty police officer - im.adj.
4. The result of the lesson:
Self-assessment sheet. Put + or - (Slide 13).
I was actively involved in the lesson. | |||
I listened carefully to the teacher and the students' responses. | |||
I know what an adjective is. | |||
I can determine the grammatical features of adjectives. | |||
Slides captions:Minute of calligraphy oro I define objects, They are very noticeable with me. I decorate your speech, You need to know me, take care of me. Friends with a noun, obeys in R., Ch., P. Adjective name Answers the questions: to which? which? which? which? Part of speech Gives a description of the subject, makes speech colorful Indicates the attribute of the subject Lesson topic: Unstressed case endings and men of adjectives Purpose: To consolidate: knowledge about the name of the adjective as a part of speech. the ability to recognize adjectives in the text, determine their gender, number, case. the ability to correctly write the endings of adjectives and nouns Develop spelling vigilance, oral and written speech, self-control and mutual verification skills. Work algorithm: In order to correctly write unstressed endings of adjectives, you need to: (Remember about possible mismatches.) Find the noun on which the adjective depends 2. You need to ask a question on behalf of the noun. 3. Find out the letter by the stressed ending in the question. Wow at home from the Black Sea - his long journey by the spring sun Take for a coin Take for truth fiction, exaggeration Enraged to the limit, to rage. To be late, to appear when everything is already over clean Bring it to _________ incandescence white Appear for __________ analysis of the capped th Phraseological turns Eye charger Ex. 267 (notebook) Change the adjective at the command of the main word; ask a question, show the case With _______ branches __________ trees _________ clap. . we were snowing. Then in _________ sides decomp. clubs _________ ardour. . Help desk: heavy, furry, powerful; snowy, different Awesome ending Driver root Spring suffix Group work - Define the word Touch up the prefix 1. I actively worked at the lesson. 2. I listened carefully to the teacher and the students' answers. 3. I know what an adjective is. 4. I can determine the grammatical features of adjectives. 5. I used the rules I learned so as not to make mistakes in writing unstressed case endings of adjectives Self-assessment sheet |