slide 2
Objective
To get acquainted with the new directions of contemporary art of the 20th century in Russia. Explore the moments of the biography of artists - bright representatives of contemporary art. Learn to analyze the masterpieces of contemporary art.
slide 3
Contemporary art is...
Philosophy of life Vision of the world Symbol association as a formula of self-expression
slide 4
Directions of contemporary art
Modernist trends In the 10s. 20th century Abstract art is developing in Russia. Its representatives are considered artists of world significance, the founders of modern art. On the Russian art cubism, futurism and constructivism are of great influence.
slide 5
Malevich's work was strongly influenced by cubism, but the author developed his own system of abstract art, the so-called "suprematism". The artist combines simple geometric shapes in contrasting colors (Suprematist composition), trying to simplify his paintings as much as possible. Malevich painted the world-famous Black Square. The image of a black square on a white background is ambiguous: White color- this is the sum of all colors, and black is the absence of any color, that is, the picture combines the contrast "something-nothing", "being-non-being". The black square is a "hole to infinity". Kazimir Malevich
slide 6
Wassily Kandinsky Kandinsky is one of the founders of abstract art. After the revolution of 1917 he emigrated to Germany. He entered the history of art with his Compositions, for example, Composition No. 7.
Slide 7
Marc Chagall Chagall was born in Belarus, in the city of Vitebsk, the image of which became the thematic basis of his paintings (I and the village). He draws ordinary villagers, rabbis, clowns, musicians. Figures of animals (horse, donkey, rooster) are repeated in his paintings. Chagall is close to expressionism and primitive folk art, paints pictures in a grotesque-symbolic spirit. After the revolution, the artist continued to work in Paris and America, created stained-glass windows and mosaics in Jerusalem, and illustrated Gogol's Dead Souls.
Slide 8
The reverse side of the canvas...
The author is recognized by handwriting Leonid Kiparisov Born in 1964. He began his professional activity in the field of art in high school as a cartoonist for the regional newspaper Priokskaya Pravda. In 1984, having completed three courses at the Leningrad Electrotechnical Institute, he left it, and in the same year he entered the graphic arts department of the Leningrad Pedagogical Institute, graduating in 1989. Since 1987, I have been participating in painting exhibitions in Russia and abroad.
Slide 9
Slide 10
Analysis Highlights
slide 11
slide 12
slide 13
Slide 14
Contemporary art is a mirror of today's reality
slide 15
literature
Literature: Nekipelov, AD: New Russian Encyclopedia. Volume I. Russia. Publishing house "Emcyclopedia", Moscow 2004. Treasures of Russia. Introduction to Russian art. Art Publishing House, Moscow 1995. Fozikoš, A., Reiterová, T.: Reálie rusky mluvících zemí. Nakladatelství Fraus, Plzeň, 1998. Lepilová, K.: Essay on Russian culture. OU, Ostrava, 1996. Manková, N.: Čítanka z dějin ruské culture. Západočeská univerzita, Pedagogická Fakulta, Plzeň1998. Fine Arts Library: http://www.artlib.ru/ Painting: http://jivopis.ru/gallery/ Golden Archive of Icons Ancient Russia 11th - 16th century: http://staratel.com/pictures/icona/main.htm Russian painting: http://staratel.com/pictures/ruspaint/main.htm
View all slides
Art of the XX - XXI centuries.
Painting Like modern Art, modern painting It was formed in its current form in the 1960s and 1970s. There were searches for alternatives to modernism, and the opposite principles were often introduced. French philosophers introduced the term "postmodernism", and many artists joined this movement. Conceptual art and minimalism became the most notable art phenomena of the 60s and 70s. In the 70s and 80s, people seemed to be tired of conceptual art and gradually returned to figurativeness, color and figurativeness. The mid-80s saw the rise of mass culture movements such as campism, East Village art, and neo-pop. Photography is flourishing - more and more artists are beginning to turn to it as a means of artistic expression. The pictorial art process was greatly influenced by the development of technology: in the 60s - video and audio, then - computers, and in the 90s - the Internet Work from the collection of Viktor Bondarenko
Actual Art In Russia in the 90s there was a term "actual art", which, although similar to the term "contemporary art", is not identical to it. It meant innovation in contemporary art in ideas and technical means. It quickly became outdated, and the question of its entry into the history of modern art of the 20th or 21st century is open. In many ways, contemporary art was attributed to the features of avant-garde, that is, innovation, radicalism, new techniques and techniques. Works from the collection of Viktor Bondarenko Valery Koshlyakov "Embankment" Dubossarsky-Vinogradov "Land-champion"
Abstractionism Abstractionism (lat. “abstractio” - removal, distraction) is a direction of non-figurative art that has abandoned the depiction of forms close to reality in painting and sculpture. One of the goals of abstractionism is to achieve "harmonization", the creation of certain color combinations and geometric shapes to evoke a variety of associations in the contemplator. Mikhail Larionov "Red Rayonism" Wassily Kandinsky "Zershönesbild" Malevich Kazimir "Grinder"
Cubism (French Cubisme) is an avant-garde trend in painting of the 20th century, primarily in painting, which originated at the beginning of the 20th century and is characterized by the use of emphatically geometrized conditional forms, the desire to “split” real objects into stereometric primitives. Cubism Picasso "The Maidens of Avignon" Juan Gris "Bunches of Grapes" Fernand Léger "The Builders" Juan Gris "Breakfast"
Surrealism Surrealism (French surréalisme - super-realism) is a new direction in painting, formed by the early 1920s in France. It is distinguished by the use of allusions and paradoxical combinations of forms. The main concept of surrealism, surreality is the combination of dream and reality. To do this, the surrealists offered an absurd, contradictory combination of naturalistic images through collage and ready-made technology. The surrealists were inspired by the radical left ideology, but they proposed to start the revolution from their own consciousness. Art was conceived by them as the main instrument of liberation. Salvador Dali "The Temptation of St. Anthony" Max Ernst "The Angel of the Hearth or the Triumph of Surrealism" Rene Magritte "The Son of Man" Wojtek Siudmak "The World of Dreams and Illusions"
Modern Modern (from French moderne - modern) or Art Nouveau (French art nouveau, literally "new art") is an artistic direction in art, more popular in the second half of the 19th - early 20th centuries. Its distinctive features are: the rejection of straight lines and angles in favor of more natural, "natural" lines, interest in new technologies (especially in architecture), the flourishing applied arts. Art Nouveau strove to combine the artistic and utilitarian functions of the created works, to involve all spheres of human activity in the sphere of beauty. Alphonse Mucha "Dance" Mikhail Vrubel "The Swan Princess" A. N. Benois "Masquerade under Louis XIV" Mikhail Vrubel "Pearl"
Optical art Op-art - an abbreviated version of optical art - optical art) - an artistic movement of the second half of the 20th century, using various visual illusions based on the features of the perception of flat and spatial figures. The current continues the rationalistic line of technicism (modernism). Op art. seeks to achieve an optical illusion of movement of a motionless art object by psychophysiological influence on the audience, their activation. Jacob Agam "New Landscape" Josef Albers "Factory A" Bridget Riley "Big Blue"
1.Modernism ( French modernisme, from moderne - the latest, modern) - the main direction of Western art of the XIX-XX centuries. In the theory of modernism reflection of reality is considered an obsolete principle giving way to its negation. In practice, this is expressed in the disappearance of the pictorial features of art , replaced sign system , maximally free from visual associations and determined by the artist himself. In poetry the word loses its meaning , acquiring a new value as a factor of physical - acoustic - influences, in music the specificity of sounding is destroyed, and atonal consonances and various household noises , such basic concepts of musical aesthetics as melody, harmony, timbre, rhythm, etc. are transformed.
2. Abstract art- direction in the art of the XX century, refusing to depict real objects and phenomena, which manifested itself in painting, sculpture and graphics. The very term "abstractionism" testifies to the alienation of this art from reality. Abstractionism formulated its positions in the 1910s as an anarchist challenge to public tastes, in the late 40s and early 60s this trend belonged to the most common phenomena of Western culture.
In abstractionism there are two main areas: psychological (e is considered the founder V.Kandinsky , who managed to convey the lyricism and musicality of his intuitive insights in his works. Here the main means of expression are not the form of the object and the features of space, but coloristic features of the latter) and geometric (or intellectual, logical). Its ancestor is Dutch painter P. Mondrian, representing in his painting the ratio of planes painted in various ways.
Some currents of abstract art, following the line of development of this direction ( suprematism, neoplasticism), echoing searches in architecture and the art industry, they created ordered structures from lines, geometric shapes and volumes, others (tachisme) - in line with the psychological trend - they sought to express the spontaneity, unconsciousness of creativity in the dynamics of spots or volumes. Talented representatives of abstractionism (V.Kandinsky, K.Malevich, P.Mondrian, V.Tatlin) enriched the rhythmic dynamics of painting and enriched its palette, however, the solution of global issues and existential problems that always face a person, within the framework of abstractionism, turned out to be impossible.
3. Surrealism. By the early 1920s, pre-war modernism had exhausted itself as a creative activity. In contrast to the modernism of the pre-war years, suffering from its internal pain, the new irrational movements - surrealism, Dadaism, expressionism - themselves seek to hurt people, instilling in them the idea that the whole world is fatally unhappy, incoherent and meaningless. Irrational tendencies arts concentrated in surrealism, which emerged as an art movement in European painting in 1925-26.
The most typical surrealist canvases were created by the Belgian R. Magritte and a Catalan S. Dali. These paintings represent irrational combinations of purely objective fragments of reality, perceived in its natural form or paradoxically deformed. The feeling of whimsicality, the unexpectedness of the phenomena of this world gives rise in such art to the idea of its unknowability, about the absurdity of being , which appears to the artist in a frighteningly nightmarish or amusingly phantasmagoric guise. Theoretical substantiation of the new movement in artistic culture owned by French poet and psychiatrist André Breton . A huge influence on the development of surrealism had creativity Z. Freud and his concept of psychoanalysis , where the psyche is interpreted as subject to unknowable, irrational, eternal forces that are beyond consciousness. The deep foundation of the psyche, influencing the real, conscious life of a person, according to Z. Freud, becomes unconscious . And, in his opinion, the unconscious appears with the greatest immediacy in dreams and art, and it is in them that the true path of knowing the “natural essence” of a person opens.
By the turn of the 20-30s. surrealism penetrated the painting of other European countries - England, Sweden, Czechoslovakia, in the 30s. reached Latin America, Australia, Japan, showing himself not only in painting, but also in sculpture.
4. Pop Art. The name pop art (from the English popular art - public art) was introduced L. Eloway in 1965. The current itself arose in the 50s of the XX century. in the USA and England. Initially, the role of pop art was limited to the task replacements for abstractionism , and not accepted by the broad masses of the population, into art that is understandable to the broad masses of the people. Pop art proclaimed itself new realism , as widely used real household items and their copies, photographs, dummies . Pop art idealized the world of material things, which, through the organization of a certain context of their perception, was endowed with an artistic and aesthetic status. In pop art, a thing is aestheticized as commodity , and the product becomes materialized consumer dream .
Among the varieties of pop art are op art , characterized by the wide use of optical effects, color spots, el-art with moving structures and ocr art with objects surrounding the viewer. However, the varieties of pop art do not differ from each other in meaning. This style is similar to window dressing or advertising. Pop art is perfect for a consumer-oriented "crowd man" brought up on advertising and mass communication.
Topic XI. Culture in the era of globalization
Stages of globalization.
First of all, it should be noted that globalization is a process that began by no means in recent decades, but is unfolding along at least, during the last century.
· The first stage of globalization - the turn of the XIX-XX centuries. This was a phase of active expansion of trade and investment on a global scale. The theorists of the first wave of globalization were R. Cobden, J. Bright, N. Angel, who substantiated the idea that the main foreign policy antagonists England and Germany, which are also the main economic partners, would not participate in military conflicts with each other. However, the First World the war disproved these predictions, and globalization as a process was interrupted.
· Second wave of globalization unfolded in the 70s, after two world wars and the Great Depression. Its main prerequisites were the revolution in computer science and telecommunications.
· Modern stage globalization. The conditions for its deployment were:
1. Decay Soviet Union and the system of the countries of the socialist camp, which led to a violation of the world parity of forces.
2. Unfolding the Information Revolution and which led to the formation of electronic economies, electronic financial structures, electronic money, electronic governments.
3. Strengthening the role of TNCs in the world economy by the end of the 20th century. The most powerful of which today control more than 90% of direct foreign investment in the countries of the West and almost 100% of investments in the economies of the Third World countries.
4. contributes to globalization processes activities of a number of international organizations and institutions(among them - the IMF, the World Bank and the WTO), which should support the existing post-war period a new economic order and prevent the redistribution of resources and sales markets between those who are part of the group of leading countries and those who seek to free themselves from economic and political dependence using the mechanisms of accelerated modernization.
5. And finally, it became obvious by the 90s the collapse of the project of modernity and the ideology of the Enlightenment and its degeneration the basic principle of rationalism in progressivism and technologism. This leads today to ecological catastrophes, the destruction of both the space of nature and the space of culture.
slide 2
Description of the slide:
slide 3
Description of the slide:
slide 4
Description of the slide:
slide 5
Description of the slide:
slide 6
Description of the slide:
Slide 7
Description of the slide:
Slide 8
Description of the slide:
Slide 9
Description of the slide:
Slide 10
Description of the slide:
slide 11
Description of the slide:
slide 12
Description of the slide:
slide 13
Description of the slide:
Slide 14
Description of the slide:
slide 15
Description of the slide:
slide 16
Description of the slide:
Slide 17
Description of the slide:
Slide 18
Description of the slide:
Slide 19
Description of the slide:
Slide 20
Description of the slide:
slide 21
Description of the slide:
slide 22
Description of the slide:
slide 23
Description of the slide:
slide 24
Description of the slide:
Slide 25
Description of the slide:
slide 26
Description of the slide:
Slide 27
Description of the slide:
Slide 28
Description of the slide:
Slide 29
Description of the slide:
slide 30
Description of the slide:
Slide 31
Description of the slide:
slide 32
Description of the slide:
Slide 33
Description of the slide:
slide 34
Description of the slide:
Slide 35
Description of the slide:
Description of the slide:
Net art (Net Art - from English net - network, art - art) newest look art, modern art practices, developing in computer networks, in particular, on the Internet. Its researchers in Russia, contributing to its development, O. Lyalina, A. Shulgin, believe that the essence of Net-art comes down to the creation of communication and creative spaces on the Web, providing complete freedom of network existence to everyone. Therefore, the essence of Net-art. not representation, but communication, and its original art unit is an electronic message. Net-art (Net Art - from the English net - network, art - art) The newest form of art, modern art practices, developing in computer networks, in particular, on the Internet. Its researchers in Russia, contributing to its development, O. Lyalina, A. Shulgin, believe that the essence of Net-art comes down to the creation of communication and creative spaces on the Web, providing complete freedom of network existence to everyone. Therefore, the essence of Net-art. not representation, but communication, and its original art unit is an electronic message.
Description of the slide:
(eng. Op-art - an abbreviated version of optical art - optical art) - an artistic movement of the second half of the 20th century, using various visual illusions based on the features of the perception of flat and spatial figures. The current continues the rationalistic line of technicism (modernism). It goes back to the so-called "geometric" abstract art, which was represented by V. Vasarely (from 1930 to 1997 he worked in France) - the founder of op art. The possibilities of Op-art have found some application in industrial graphics, posters, and design art. (eng. Op-art - an abbreviated version of optical art - optical art) - an artistic movement of the second half of the 20th century, using various visual illusions based on the features of the perception of flat and spatial figures. The current continues the rationalistic line of technicism (modernism). It goes back to the so-called "geometric" abstract art, which was represented by V. Vasarely (from 1930 to 1997 he worked in France) - the founder of op art. The possibilities of Op-art have found some application in industrial graphics, posters, and design art.
Description of the slide:
(graffiti - in archeology, any drawings or letters scratched on any surface, from Italian graffiare - scratch) This is the designation of subculture works, which are mainly large-format images on the walls of public buildings, structures, transport, made using various kinds of spray guns, aerosol paint cans. (graffiti - in archeology, any drawings or letters scratched on any surface, from Italian graffiare - scratch) This is the designation of subculture works, which are mainly large-format images on the walls of public buildings, structures, transport, made using various kinds of spray guns, aerosol paint cans.
Slide 42
Description of the slide:
slide 43
Description of the slide:
Description of the slide:
(from the English land art - earthen art), a direction in fine art of the last third of the 20th century, based on the use of a real landscape as the main artistic material and object. Artists dig trenches, create bizarre heaps of stones, paint rocks, choosing for their actions usually deserted places - pristine and wild landscapes, thereby, as it were, striving to return art to nature. (from the English land art - earthen art), a direction in the art of the last third of the 20th century, based on the use of a real landscape as the main artistic material and object. Artists dig trenches, create bizarre heaps of stones, paint rocks, choosing for their actions usually deserted places - pristine and wild landscapes, thereby, as it were, striving to return art to nature.
Description of the slide:
(minimal art - English: minimal art) - artist. flow emanating from the minimal transformation of the materials used in the process of creativity, simplicity and uniformity of forms, monochrome, creative. artist's self-restraint. (minimal art - English: minimal art) - artist. flow emanating from the minimal transformation of the materials used in the process of creativity, simplicity and uniformity of forms, monochrome, creative. artist's self-restraint. Minimalism is characterized by the rejection of subjectivity, representation, illusionism. Rejecting the classic creativity and tradition. artistic materials, minimalists use industrial and natural materials of simple geometric. shapes and neutral colors (black, gray), small volumes, serial, conveyor methods of industrial production are used.
Slide 48
slide 1
Modern Art
slide 2
Contemporary art is a set of artistic practices that developed in the second half of the twentieth century.
slide 3
Modern art is understood as art that goes back to modernism, or is in conflict with this phenomenon.
Floral murals: floral wall paintings by Paul Morrison
slide 4
History of modern art
Contemporary art was formed at the turn of the 1960s and 70s. The artistic search of that time can be characterized as a search for alternatives to modernism. This was expressed in the search for new images, new means and materials of expression, up to the dematerialization of the object (performances and happenings). Many artists followed the French philosophers who coined the term "postmodernism". We can say that there has been a shift from the object to the process.
slide 5
Performance is a form of contemporary art in which the work consists of the actions of an artist or group in a specific place and at a specific time.
Nude performance for the opening of the Munich Opera Festival
slide 6
Any situation that includes four basic elements can be classified as a performance: time, place, the body of the artist, and the relationship between the artist and the viewer. This is the difference between performance and such forms of fine art as painting or sculpture, where the work is constituted by the exhibited object.
Performance by Joseph Beuys, 1978
Slide 7
Installation (English installation - installation, placement, installation) is a form of contemporary art, which is a spatial composition created from various elements and is an artistic whole.
Slide 8
Types of installations
An installation can be characterized as a valuable symbolic decoration created at a certain time under a certain name. It is important that the viewer does not contemplate the installation from the side, like a picture, but finds himself inside it. Some installations approach sculpture, but differ from the latter in that they are not sculpted, but mounted from dissimilar materials, often of industrial origin.
Slide 9
Star installation Grotte Stellaire on the ceiling and walls. Art project by Julien Salaud
Slide 10
The founders of the installation were Marcel Duchamp and the Surrealists.
Installation masters Joseph Beuys Robert Rauschenberg Joseph Kossuth Edvard Kienholz Ilya Kabakov
Hyperrealistic Surrealism by Nancy Fouts
slide 11
Forest of colorful lace. Pop-Up Paradise installation
Kilos and kilometers of colorful lace hanging from the ceiling of the Faena Arts Center gallery in Buenos Aires is an original art project by Argentinean designer Manuel Ameztoy, which thus depicted the natural landscapes and plant motifs that really exist in the province of Entre Rios, where he was born and spent his childhood. The textile installation is called Pop-Up Paradises, and this name clearly demonstrates how attached the author is to his homeland and appreciates the beauty of Argentinean nature.
slide 12
Watershed Wall - an installation in Toronto dedicated to the power of water
Many major cities are built next to a large and stable source of water. Some, next to several at once. So Toronto does not experience any shortage of fluid in taps and pipes. However, many of the water sources that this city uses are no longer visible - they are hidden. The Watershed Wall installation is dedicated to the real water map of Toronto.
slide 13
Camera Flowers installation. Flower beds where cameras bloom
The dream of an amateur photographer is to come to a forest, a garden or a city park, a garden or a field, and collect there a rich harvest of lenses, cameras and flashes for every taste, color and size. In some ways, Brazilian artist Andre Feliciano brought this idea to life in his colorful installation Camera Flowers, presented in the greenhouse of the New York photo village Photoville.
Slide 14
House-library from Miler Lagos (Miler Lagos)-installation.
Of course, in the original, the igloo is built from snow or ice blocks, bricks, but this is something rich, as they say. The book igloo, neatly built of bricks in the form of novels, fairy tales, reference books, encyclopedias, textbooks and plays, is part of the exposition at the MagnanMetz Gallery and is called Home ("House")
slide 15
Plastic fish - environmental installation at the G20 summit
After all, it's no secret that the amount of garbage in the oceans of our planet is growing at such a pace that even now this growth is the largest environmental problem on Earth. And artists from all over the world are trying to draw attention to this disgrace. For example, Angela Pozzi, who organized a whole exhibition of her own sculptures, made from plastic, she found on the ocean near her home.
slide 16
Illusory installations in city parks by Cornelia Konrads
Slide 17
Art that borders on magic, a reality that can easily be mistaken for a mirage, an illusion, an optical illusion - such an effect is produced on an unprepared and inexperienced viewer by the masterpieces of the artist Cornelia Konradz (Cornelia Konrads). Her installations adorn city parks and public gardens in Germany and every time they surprise passers-by, not only visitors, but also locals.
Slide 18
Slide 19
Three-dimensional sculptures-installations of hanging stones
Jaehyo Lee's work reflects the beauty of the original elements in a new stylized form. He makes ordinary stones, picked up on the pavement, float in the air, turning into airy, almost weightless stone sculptures. The Korean author probably possesses some special magic that can control nature and force organic materials to play completely different roles, without losing, however, their face. So, in his works, stone always remains stone, wood - wood, sand - sand...
Slide 20
slide 21
Floating installations by Bak Sung-chi
Figures and images hovering in the air are a special kind of modern sculpture, which art historians sometimes call an installation, because they can’t decide how it will be right.
slide 22
Bak Song Chi, the famous charcoal installation
slide 23
Creative dinner among trees and birds Art installation - happening.
At a VIP dinner at the art fair at Art Brussels, Belgian designer Charles Kaisin unveiled the 3m Fantasies of Сharles oak table with tree-sprouted surface.
slide 24
Happening - a theatrical performance with elements of improvisation, designed to involve the public in the performance itself and pursuing commercial goals.
The main task of such a happening is to add variety to the ordinary procedures of public relations. A presentation or a press conference acquires elements of a happening. Moreover, they can be completely transformed into happenings, or happenings can become part of them. The application of happening as a method can be extremely wide, but the goal will always be the same - to stand out so that the target audience remembers the event.
Slide 25
Collage - technical technique in fine arts, which consists in creating works of art by gluing onto any base materials that differ from the base in color and texture.
Collage was introduced into art as a formal experiment by the Cubists, Futurists and Dadaists. At that stage, scraps of newspapers, photographs, and wallpaper were used for pictorial purposes. Pieces of fabric, chips, etc. were pasted onto the canvas.
slide 26
Dogs made from paper trash. Original collages by Peter Clark
Does not bark, does not bite, is called a dog. No, this is not the same character that is present in every e-mail address. These are amazing, original paper collages created by the talented author Peter Clark from a variety of waste paper found literally under your feet.
Slide 27
Currency Collages by Rodrigo Torres
Different artists “mock” banknotes in different ways. For example, Hans-Peter Feldmann makes wallpapers out of them, Scott Campbell cuts them, and Craig Sonnenfeld folds origami figures out of banknotes. But Rodrigo Torres turns the currencies of different countries of the world into collages.
Slide 28
Awakening. Coffee painting by Arkady Kim, presented in Gorky Park
Since coffee is already firmly associated with morning and the need to wake up for many people, this is how the Moscow artist Arkady Kim called his huge painting of coffee beans - Awakening - a monumental work of 30 sq.m. was presented to the public in Moscow.
Slide 29
slide 30
Body art (English body art - "art of the body") is one of the forms of avant-garde art, where the human body becomes the main object of creativity
Body art compositions are played right in front of the audience or recorded for later demonstration in exhibition halls. The direction originated at an early stage of the avant-garde, but became especially widespread during the period of postmodernism, which resorts to it as an element of installations and performance.