At the very beginning of the novel, it becomes clear that Grigory loves Aksinya Astakhova, the married neighbor of the Melekhovs. The hero revolts against his family, which condemns him, a married man, for his relationship with Aksinya. He does not obey the will of his father and leaves his native farm with Aksinya, not wanting to live a double life with his dislike wife Natalya, who then attempts suicide - cuts his neck with a scythe. Gregory and Aksinya become hired workers for the landowner Listnitsky.
In 1914 - the first battle of Gregory and the first man killed by him. Grigory is very upset. In the war, he receives not only the St. George Cross, but also experience. The events of this period make him think about the life structure of the world.
It would seem that revolutions are being made for people like Grigory Melekhov. He joined the Red Army, but he had no greater disappointment in his life than the reality of the red camp, where violence, cruelty and lawlessness reign.
Gregory leaves the Red Army and becomes a member of the Cossack mutiny as a Cossack officer. But here too - cruelty and injustice.
He again finds himself with the Reds - in Budyonny's cavalry - and again experiences disappointment. In his vacillations from one political camp to another, Gregory seeks to find the truth that is closer to his soul and his people.
Ironically, he ends up in Fomin's gang. Gregory thinks that the bandits are free people. But even here he feels like a stranger. Melekhov leaves the gang to take Aksinya and run with her to the Kuban. But the death of Aksinya from an accidental bullet in the steppe deprives Grigory of his last hope for a peaceful life. It is at this moment that he sees in front of him a black sky and "a blindingly shining black disk of the sun." The writer depicts the sun - a symbol of life - in black, emphasizing the trouble of the world. Having nailed to the deserters, Melekhov lived with them for almost a year, but melancholy again drove him to his home.
In the finale of the novel, Natalya and her parents die, Aksinya dies. Only the son and the younger sister, who married the red one, remained. Gregory stands at the gate of his home and holds his son in his arms. The final is left open: will his simple dream to live as his ancestors lived: “to plow the land, take care of it”?
Female images in the novel.
Women, whose lives the war bursts into, takes away their husbands, sons, destroys the house and hopes for personal happiness, take on their shoulders the unbearable burden of work in the field and at home, but do not bend, but courageously bear this burden. In the novel, two main types of Russian women are given: the mother, the keeper of the hearth (Ilyinichna and Natalya) and the beautiful sinner, frantically seeking her happiness (Aksinya and Daria). Two women - Aksinya and Natalya - accompany the main character, they selflessly love him, but are opposite in everything.
Love is a necessary need for the existence of Aksinya. Aksinya's fury in love is highlighted by the description of her "shamelessly greedy, plump lips" and "vicious eyes." The prehistory of the heroine is terrible: at the age of 16, she was raped by a drunken father and married to Stepan Astakhov, a neighbor of the Melekhovs. Aksinya endured humiliation and beatings of her husband. She had no children or relatives. It is understandable that she wants to “love the bitter one in her whole life,” so she fiercely defends her love for Grishka, which has become the meaning of her existence. For her sake, Aksinya is ready for any test. Gradually, an almost maternal tenderness appears in her love for Gregory: with the birth of her daughter, her image becomes purer. In separation from Grigory, she becomes attached to his son, and after Ilyinichna's death she takes care of all Grigory's children as if they were her own. Her life was cut short by an accidental bullet from the steppe when she was happy. She died in the arms of Gregory.
Natalia is the embodiment of the idea of \u200b\u200bhome, family, natural morality of a Russian woman. She is a selfless and affectionate mother, a pure, loyal and devoted woman. She takes a lot of suffering from her love for her husband. She does not want to put up with her husband's betrayal, does not want to be unloved - this makes her lay hands on herself. The hardest thing for Gregory will be the fact that before his death she “forgave him everything”, that she “loved him and remembered him until the last minute”. Upon learning of Natalia's death, Grigory first felt a stabbing pain in his heart and ringing in his ears. He is tormented by remorse.
Retelling plan
1. The history of the Melekhov family.
2. Meeting of Grigory Melekhov and Aksinya Astakhova, Stepan's wife.
3. A story about Aksinya.
4. The first meeting of Gregory and Aksinya.
5. Stepan's husband learns about his wife's betrayal. Gregory's father wants to marry his son to Natalia.
6. Grigory marries Natalia Korshunova.
7. Pedigree of the merchant Mokhov.
8. Gathering of the Cossacks.
9. Aksinya and Gregory resume their relationship and leave the farm.
10. Natalia lives with her parents. He wants to commit suicide.
11. Aksinya gives birth to a girl from Gregory.
12. Gregory was enrolled in the army's 12th Cossack regiment.
13. Natalia survived. Hoping for the return of her husband, she lives with his family.
14. Service of Gregory in the army. His injury.
15. The daughter of Gregory and Aksinya dies. Aksinya converges with Listnitsky.
16. Gregory learns about this and returns to his wife.
17. The attitude of the Cossacks to the February Revolution. Events at the front.
18. Bolshevik coup in Petrograd.
19. Gregory goes over to the side of the Bolsheviks.
20. The wounded Gregory was brought home.
21. Situation at the front.
22. Cossack meeting. Cossacks are enrolled in the regiment to fight the Reds. Commander - Peter Melekhov, brother of Grigory.
23. Civil war on the Don.
24. Gregory is at war with the Red Guards. He returns home without permission. Pyotr Melekhov is also running from the regiment.
25. Red troops in the farm.
26. Soviet power on the Don.
27. Development of events at the front.
28. Gregory returns home and quarrels with Natalia. The connection between Gregory and Aksinya is renewed.
29. Gregory agrees to lead the breakthrough to the Don.
30. Upper Don Uprising. Fight of the Cossack troops with the Red Guards.
31. Fight at Ust-Medveditskaya.
32. Gregory arrives home three days after his wife's death. Goes to the front in two weeks.
33. The offensive of the Reds.
34. Gregory, who is sick with typhus, gets home. He calls Aksinya with him to retreat, but she falls ill with typhus and remains.
35. Gregory returns home. Soviet power on the farm.
36. Grigory falls into Fomin's gang.
37. Gregory, having arrived at the farm, offers Aksinya to run away. She dies.
38. Returning home.
Retelling
Book I. Part I
Chapter 1
Pedigree of the Melekhov family: Cossack Prokofy Melekhov, after the end of the penultimate Turkish campaign, brought home a captive Turkish woman to the village of Veshenskaya. They had a son, named Pantelei, as dark and black-eyed as his mother. He married a Cossack woman named Vasilisa Ilinichna. The eldest son of Panteley Prokofievich, Petro, went to his mother: he was short, snub-nosed and fair-headed; and the younger, Grigory, looked more like his father: the same swarthy, hunchbacked, wildly handsome, the same frenzied disposition. In addition to them, the Melekhov family consisted of the father's favorite Dunyasha and Petrova's wife Daria.
Chapter 2
Early in the morning Panteley Prokofievich and Grigory go fishing. The father demands that Grigory leave alone Aksinya Astakhova, the wife of Stepan's Melekhov neighbor. Later, Grigory and his friend Mitka Korshunov go to sell the caught carp to the rich merchant Mokhov and get acquainted with his daughter Elizaveta. Mitka and Liza are conspiring about fishing.
Chapters 3, 4
Morning after the games in the Melekhovs' house. Petro and Stepan leave for military training camps. Gregory and Aksinya meet on the Don. The beginning of a thunderstorm. Grigory and Aksinya are fishing, the first steps towards their rapprochement.
Chapters 5 and 6
Stepan Astakhov, Petro Melekhov, Fedot Bodovskov, Khristonya, Tomilin go to the places of the camp gathering and sing a song. Overnight in the steppe. Christoni's story about the excavation of the treasure.
Chapter 7
The fate of Aksinya. When she was sixteen years old, she was raped by her father, who was then killed by the girl's mother and brother. A year later, at the age of seventeen, she was married off to Stepan Astakhov, who, not forgiving the "offense", began to beat Aksinya and walk around the house. Aksinya, who did not know love, arose a reciprocal feeling (although she did not want it) when Grishka Melekhov began to show interest in her.
Chapters 8-10
Dividing the meadow by the farmers. Races are held between Mitka Korshunov and the centurion Listnitsky. Gregory and Aksinya meet on the road. Meadow mowing begins. The first meeting between Grigory and Aksinya. Soon Aksinya converges with Grigory. They do not hide their connection, and rumors about them are creeping around the farm. “If Grigory went to the little Aksinya, pretending to be hiding from people, if the little Aksinya lived with Gregory, keeping it in relative secrecy, and at the same time would not refuse others, then this would not be unusual, whipping in the eyes. The farm would have talked and stopped. But they lived, almost without hiding, something more knitted them, unlike a short relationship, and therefore in the farm they decided that it was criminal, immoral, and the farm was pricked in a filthy wait-and-see: Stepan comes and unties the knot. ”Panteley Prokofievich talks about With this with Aksinya, He decides to quickly marry Grigory to Natalya, the sister of Mitka Korshunov.
Chapter 11
The life of a military camp. Stepan is told about Aksinya's connection with Gregory.
Chapter 12
Aksinya, without hiding, meets with Gregory. Farmers condemn them. She invites Gregory to run away with the farm, but he refuses.
Chapter 13
Stepan has a quarrel with Pyotr Melekhov. From military training they return home and on the way again a quarrel.
Chapter 14
Aksinya goes to grandmother Drozdikha to bewitch Gregory. Stepan, returning, begins to brutally beat Aksinya, and, having fought with the Melekhov brothers, becomes their sworn enemy.
Chapter 15
Panteley Prokofievich is wooing Natalia, but the final decision has not yet been made.
Chapter 16
Stepan suffers from Aksinya's betrayal and beats her. Aksinya and Gregory meet in sunflowers, and he invites her to end their relationship.
Chapters 17-19
Wheat mowing begins. Matchmaking gives positive results - Natalya Korshunova falls in love with Grigory. Pre-wedding preparations at the Korshunovs' house. Gregory's meetings with Natalia.
Chapters 20-23
Suffering of Aksinya and Gregory. The wedding of Grigory and Natalia, first at the Korshunovs 'house, then at the Melekhovs'.
Part II
Chapters 1, 2
The pedigree of the merchant Mokhov, his family. In August, Mitka Korshunov meets Elizaveta Mokhova, they agree to go fishing. And there Mitka rapes her. Rumors begin to creep around the farm, and Mitka goes to woo Elizabeth. But the girl refuses him, and Sergei Platonovich Mokhov lowers the dogs on Korshunov.
Chapter 3
Natalia's life in the Melekhovs' house. Grigory recalls Aksinya. Stepan broke off all relations with neighbors.
Chapter 4
Shtokman comes to the farm, Fedot Bodovskov meets him.
Chapter 5
Grigory and his wife are going to the mowing. There is a fight at the mill (Mitka Korshunov beats up the merchant Molokhov), which is stopped by Shtokman. Grigory confesses to Natalia that he does not love her.
Chapter 6
When interrogated by an investigator, Shtokman says that in 1907 he was in a "prison for riots" and was serving exile.
Chapter 7
The onset of winter. Gathering of the Cossacks, at which Avdeich tells how he caught the robber.
Chapter 8
Life in the Melekhovs' house after the meeting. During a trip for brushwood, the Melekhov brothers meet Aksinya. Aksinya's connection with Gregory is renewed.
Chapter 9
In the Shtokman house there is a reading about the history of the Don Cossacks. Knave, Khristonya, Ivan Alekseevich Kot-lyarov and Mishka Koshevoy arrive.
Chapter 10
Grigory and Mitka Korshunov take the oath. Natalia wants to return to live with her parents. There is a quarrel between Grigory and Panteley Prokofievich, after which Grigory leaves the house for the Koshevs. Grigory and Aksinya meet and decide to leave the farm.
Chapters 11-13
At the merchant Mokhov, Grigory meets the centurion Listnitsky and accepts an offer to work on his Yagodnoye estate as a coachman. Aksinya is taken as a cook for yard and seasonal workers. Aksinya and Grigory leave the farm. Natalia returns to live with her parents.
Chapter 14
Listnitsky's life story. The life of Gregory and Aksinya in a new place. From the very first days Listnitsky began to show interest in Aksinya.
Chapter 15
Natalia's life in her parents' house, Mitka's bullying. Natalia's conversation with Panteley Prokofievich.
Chapter 16
Valet and Ivan Alekseevich continue to visit Shtokman, who tells them about the struggle of the capitalist states for markets and colonies as main reason impending world war. Ice flow along the Don.
Chapter 17
Returning from Millerovo, Grigory hunts a wolf, and then meets Stepan.
Chapter 18
Gatherings at the Korshunovs' neighbor Pelageya. Natalya writes a letter trying to get Gregory back. Having received an answer, she suffers even more and tries to commit suicide.
Chapters 19-20
Conversation between Stepan and Gregory. Aksinya tells Grigory that he is expecting a child from him. Petro comes to visit his brother. Aksinya begs Grigory to take her with him to the mow and gives birth to a girl on the way home.
Chapter 21
Morning at Listnitsky's house. In December, Gregory is summoned to a military training camp; unexpectedly, Panteley Prokofievich comes to him. Gregory leaves for service; on the way, his father informs him that Natalya has survived. At the review, they want to enroll Gregory in the guard, but due to non-standard external data ("Bandit's mug ... Very wild") they are enrolled in the army's Twelfth Cossack Regiment. On the very first day, Gregory begins to have friction with his superiors.
Part III
Chapter 1
Natalia returns to live with the Melekhovs. She still hopes for Gregory's return to the family. Dunyashka begins to go to the games and tells Natalya about her relationship with Mishka Koshev. An investigator comes to the village and arrests Shtokman; during a search they find illegal literature on him. On interrogation it turns out that Shtokman is a member of the RSDLP. He is taken away from Veshenskaya.
Chapter 2
Gregory's life in the army. Observing the officers, he feels an invisible wall between himself and them; this feeling is reinforced by the incident with Prokhor Zykov, who was beaten up by the sergeant during the training. Before the beginning of spring, the Cossacks, brutalized with boredom, raped Franya, the manager's young maid, with the whole platoon; trying to help her, Gregory is tied up and thrown in the stable, promising to kill him if he lets himself out.
Chapter 3-5
Melekhovs and Natalya at the mowing. The war begins, the Cossacks are taken to the Russian-Austrian border. Expressive remark of the old railwayman in relation to the recruits: "You are my dear ... beef!" In his first battle, Gregory kills a man, and his image disturbs Gregory.
Chapters 6-8
Petro Melekhov, Anikushka, Khristonya, Stepan Astakhov and Tomilin Ivan go to war. Battles with the Germans.
Chapters 9, 10
For the feat Kryuchkov is awarded Georgy. The Grigory regiment, withdrawn from the fighting, is receiving reinforcements from the Don. Grigory meets his brother, Mishka Koshevoy, Anikushka and Stepan Astakhov. In a conversation with Petro, he confesses that he is homesick. Petro advises to beware of Stepan, who promised to kill Gregory in the first battle.
Chapter 11
Near the killed Cossack, Grigory finds a diary, which describes the latter's romance with the degraded Elizaveta Mokhova.
Chapters 12, 13
A Cossack nicknamed Chubaty falls into Grigory's platoon; mocking Gregory's feelings, he says that killing the enemy in battle is a sacred thing. War with Hungary. Gregory is badly wounded in the head.
Chapters 14-15
Evgeny Listnitsky decides to transfer to the active army. He writes to his father: "I want a living deed and ... if you like, a feat." Meeting with Listnitsky and the regiment commander. Polesaul Kalmykov advises him to get acquainted with the volunteer Ilya Bunchuk. Meeting of Listnitsky and Bunchuk.
Chapters 16, 17
The Melekhovs receive the news of the death of Gregory, and twelve days later from Peter's letter it turns out that Grigory is alive, moreover, he was awarded the St. George Cross for saving a wounded officer and promoted to junior sergeant.
Chapters 18-19
Natalya decides to go to Yagodnoye, begs Aksinya to return her husband. Life of Aksinya. Natalya comes to her, but she drives her away, saying that she will not give Grishka. “At least you have children, but I have him,” Aksinya's voice trembled and became muffler and lower, “one in the whole wide world! First and last..."
Chapter 20, 21
On the eve of the next offensive, a shell hits the house where Prokhor Zykov, Chubaty and Grigory are staying. Grigory, wounded in the eye, is sent to a hospital in Moscow.
Chapter 22
On the Southwestern Front, during the attack at Listnitsky, a horse was killed, he himself received two wounds. Tanya, daughter of Grigory and Aksinya, falls ill with scarlet fever and dies. Soon Listnitsky arrives on vacation, and Aksinya meets him.
Chapter 23
Grigory in the hospital meets another wounded man named Garanzha. In conversations with the Cossack, he scornfully speaks of the autocratic system and reveals the real reasons for the war. Gregory in his heart agrees with him.
Chapter 24
Gregory is sent home. He learns about Aksinya's betrayal with Listnitsky. The next morning, Grigory beats the centurion with a whip and, leaving Aksinya, returns to his family, to Natalya.
Book II. Part IV
Chapters 1, 2
Dispute between Bunchuk and Listnitsky. Listnitsky reports that he is conducting Bolshevik propaganda. Bunchuk deserts. Propaganda leaflets appear. The Cossacks are being searched. In the evening the Cossacks sing a song. Bunchuk makes new documents.
Chapter 3
War activities. Meeting Ivan Alekseevich and Valeta; it turns out that Shtokman is in Siberia.
Chapter 4
Grigory remembers Aksinya. In one of the battles, he saves the life of Stepan Astakhov, which, however, did not reconcile them. Gradually, Grigory began to establish friendly relations with Chubaty, who was inclined to deny the war. Together with him and Mishka Koshev, Grigory participates in the "arrest" of wormy cabbage soup and takes them to his centennial commander. During the next offensive, Gregory is wounded in the arm. “Just as the salt marsh does not absorb water, so Gregory's heart did not absorb pity. With cold contempt he played with someone else's and his life, that is why he was known as brave - four St. George's crosses and four medals he served. "
Chapter 5
Life in the Melekhovs' house. In autumn, Natalia gives birth to twins. Peter heard rumors about the infidelity of Daria, who cohabited with Stepan Astakhov. One day Stepan goes missing. Panteley Prokofievich is trying to rein in his daughter-in-law, but this does not lead to anything good.
Chapter 6
The February revolution arouses restrained alarm among the Cossacks. Mokhov demands an old debt from Panteley Prokofievich. Mitka returns.
Chapter 7
The life of Sergei Platonovich Mokhov. Listnitsky returns from the front. He tells the merchant Mokhov that as a result of Bolshevik propaganda, the soldiers turned into gangs of criminals, unbridled and savage, and the Bolsheviks themselves are "worse than the cholera bacilli."
Chapters 8-10
The situation at the front. The commander of the brigade, where Petro Melekhov serves, calls on the Cossacks to stay away from the unrest that has begun. Daria comes to Peter. Listnitsky was appointed to the pro-monarchist 14th regiment. Soon, in connection with the July events, he was sent to Petrograd.
Chapters 11-14
General Kornilov was appointed the supreme commander. Listnitsky's conversation with officers. Cossack Ivan Lagutin. Meeting of Listnitsky and Kalmykov. The situation at the front. Kornilov arrives in Moscow.
Chapters 15-17
Ivan Alekseevich makes a coup in his regiment and is appointed a centurion; he refuses to go to Petrograd. The situation at the headquarters after the collapse of the armed coup. Bunchuk came to the front to agitate for the Bolsheviks and ran into Kalmykov. The deserter arrests Kalmykov in order to then shoot him.
Chapters 18-21
Army of General Krymov. His suicide. In Petrograd Listnitsky becomes a witness of the Bolshevik coup. The liberation of the generals in Bykhov. Retreat of the 12th regiment. Having received the news of the change of power, the Cossacks return to their homes.
Part V
Chapter 1
Ivan Alekseevich, Mitka Korshunov, Prokhor Zykov, and after them Petro Melekhov are returning from the front.
Chapter 2
The fate of Gregory. A turning point in his worldview. It becomes known that he went over to the side of the Bolsheviks, being already in the rank of a platoon officer. After the coup, he is appointed commander of a hundred. Gregory falls under the influence of his colleague Efim Izvarin, who stands for the full autonomy of the Don Cossack Region. In November seventeenth, Grigory meets Podtyolkov.
Chapters 3-7
Events in Novocherkassk. Bunchuk leaves for Rostov, where he meets Anna Pogudko. The attack on Rostov. Fights in the city.
Chapter 8
Life in Tatarsky. Ivan Alekseevich and Khristonya go to the congress of front-line soldiers and meet Gregory there.
Chapters 9, 10
Transfer of power to the Military Revolutionary Committee. Representatives of the Military Revolutionary Committee arrive in Novocherkassk. Delegates' speeches. Podtelkov was elected chairman, and Krivoshlykov was elected secretary of the Cossack Revolutionary Military Committee, which declared itself the government on the Don.
Chapters 11, 12
Detachment Chernetsov breaks the forces of the Red Guards. Escape podsaul Izvarin from the regiment. Gregory, at the head of two hundred, goes into battle and is wounded in the leg. Chernetsov, along with four dozen young officers, was captured. All were brutally killed on the orders of Podtelkov, despite the opposition of Grigory and Golubov.
Chapters 13 and 14
Panteley Prokofievich brings the wounded Grigory home. Father and brother disapprove of his Bolshevik views; Grigory himself, after the massacre of Chernetsov, is experiencing a mental crisis.
Chapter 15
Declaration of the Don Revolutionary Committee. The news of Kaledin's suicide comes.
Chapters 16 and 17
Bunchuk is sick with typhus. Anna is looking after him. After his recovery, they go together first to Voronezh, and then to Millerovo. From there, Anna leaves for Lugansk.
Chapters 18-20
The situation at the front. Arrival of General Popov, meeting of generals. Golubov's detachment captures Novocherkassk. Golubov and Bunchuk arrest the leaders of the Army Circle. Bunchuk meets Anna. Bunchuk's work at the Revolutionary Tribunal at the Don Revolutionary Committee. In a few months he will refuse to work there.
Chapters 21, 22
Speech by the Cossacks from neighboring farms, the defeat of the detachment. Overthrow of the Soviets. Life in Tatarsky. Knave calls on the Cossacks to go to the rescue of the Red Guard, but persuades only Koshevoy; Grigory, Khristonya and Ivan Alekseevich refuse.
Chapter 23
A Cossack meeting is being held on the Maidan. A visiting centurion agitates the Cossacks to assemble a detachment to fight the Reds and protect Veshek. Miron Grigorievich Korshunov, father of Natalya and Mitka, was elected ataman. Petr Melekhov is appointed to the post of commander. Prokhor Zykov, Mitka, Khristonya and other Cossacks are enrolled in the regiment, but they are convinced that there will be no war.
Chapters 24-25
The Cossacks return to Tatarsky, but soon the order comes again to act. Anna is mortally wounded in battle and dies in Bunchuk's arms.
Chapters 26, 27
The situation at the front. Podtyolkov's expedition. On the way, Podtyolkov hears about rumors about him in the Ukrainian suburbs.
Chapters 28-29
Podtelkov's detachment is taken prisoner. Podtyolkov stipulates the terms of surrender, which Bunchuk objects to. The prisoners are sentenced to death, Podtelkov and Krivoshlykov - to be hanged. Mood on the night before the execution.
Chapters 30, 31
A detachment under the command of Pyotr Melekhov arrives at the farm. Mitka, who was summoned to the firing squad, kills Bunchuk. Before the execution, Podtyolkov accuses Grigory of treason, in response Grigory recalls the massacre of Chernetsov's detachment: “Do you remember the Deep Battle? Do you remember how officers were shot ... They shot at your order! Tepericha is recouping for you! You are not the only one to tan someone else's skins! " Mishka Koshevoy and Jack are being caught by the Cossacks; The jack is killed, and Mishka, hoping for a correction, is sentenced to a whipping.
Book III. Part VI
Chapter 1
April 1918 Civil war is going on on the Don. Pantelei Prokofievich and Miron Korshunov are elected delegates to the military circle; General Krasnov becomes the army chieftain.
Chapters 2, 3
Situation on the Don. Petro Melekhov leads the Tatar Cossacks against the Reds. In a conversation with Grigory, he tries to find out the mood of his brother, to find out if he is going to return to the red. Koshevoy's mother begs that, instead of being sent to the front, Mishka should be appointed as a flock. Mishka Koshevoy is pursued by conflicting thoughts, a conversation with Soldatov takes place.
Chapter 4
Krasnov arrives at the village of Manychskaya, where a meeting of the Don government is taking place.
Chapter 5
Listnitsky amputated a shattered arm. Soon he marries the widow of a deceased friend and returns to Yagodnoye. Aksinya tries to please the new mistress, but Listnitsky asks her to leave the farm.
Chapters 6 and 7
Stepan Astakhov comes from German captivity, meeting Koshevoy in the steppe. He goes to Aksinya and persuades her to return home.
Chapters 8, 9
Fighting hundreds of Gregory with the Red Guards. For his humane attitude to the prisoners, Gregory was removed from command of a hundred, he again took on a platoon. Panteley Prokofievich comes to Grigory in the regiment and is engaged in looting there.
Chapters 10-12
War activities. During the retreat, Grigory willfully leaves the front and returns home. A military mission arrives in Novocherkassk. Cossacks and officers are separated by an invisible wall of hostility. Petro Melekhov flees from the regiment.
Chapters 13-15
The Melekhovs decide to wait out the advance of the Reds without leaving the farm. The whole village is waiting for the arrival of the Reds. Their relative Makar Nogaytsev comes to the Melekhovs.
Chapters 16 and 17
Red troops enter the farm. Several Red Army men stand by the Melekhovs, one of whom begins to look for a quarrel with Grigory. Panteley Prokofievich mutilates the horses of Peter and Gregory so that they are not taken away. Life in the rear.
Chapters 18-19
A gathering is going on at the farm, and Avdeich is elected to the chieftain. Cossacks hand over their weapons. Rumors are spreading across the Don about the Chechens and tribunals administering a quick and unjust trial over the Cossacks who served with the whites, and Petro seeks intercession from the head of the district revolutionary committee Yakov Fomin.
Chapters 20, 21
Ivan Alekseevich quarrels with Grigory, who does not want to recognize the merits of Soviet power; Koshevoy offers to arrest Grigory, but he manages to leave for another village.
Chapters 22, 23
According to the list compiled by Koshev, Miron Korshunov, Avdeich Brekh and several other old people are arrested. Shtokman is announced in Veshenskaya. The news of the execution of the Cossacks comes. Yielding to the persuasions of Lukinichna, Petro at night digs out of the common grave and brings the corpse of Miron Grigorievich to the Korshunovs.
Chapter 24
The collection takes place in Tatarsky. Shtokman comes and announces that those executed were enemies of the Soviet regime. Panteley and Grigory Melekhovs and Fedot Bodovskov are also on the list for execution.
Chapters 25, 26
Ivan Alekseevich and Koshevoy, having learned about the return of Grigory, discuss his future fate; Meanwhile, Gregory escapes again and hides with relatives. Panteley Prokofievich, who has suffered typhus, cannot avoid arrest.
Chapters 27-29
Riots begin in Kazanskaya. Antip Sinilin, son of Avdeich Brekh, participates in the beating of Koshevoy; the latter, after lying down at Stepan Astakhov's, hides from the farm. Having learned about the beginning of the uprising, Gregory returns home. Koshevoy gets to Ust-Khoperskaya stanitsa.
Chapters 30, 31
In Tatarskoye, two hundred Cossacks are formed, and one of them, under the leadership of Grigory, captures Likhachev, who is brutally killed.
Chapters 32-34
Fight of the Cossacks with the Reds near Elantsy. Smashed by the Reds, Petro, Fedot Bodovskov and other Cossacks, deceived by the promise to save their lives, surrender, and Kosheva, with the tacit support of Ivan Alekseevich, kills Petro; of all the Cossacks who were with him, only Stepan Astakhov and Antip Brekhovich managed to escape. Carts with killed Cossacks arrive at Tatarsky. Daria's grief and funeral.
Chapters 35-37
Gregory was appointed commander of the Veshensky regiment, and after that - the commander of one of the rebel divisions. In revenge for the death of his brother, he stops taking prisoners. In the battles near Sviridov and for Karginskaya, his Cossacks smash squadrons of the red cavalry. In an effort to get rid of black thoughts, Grigory begins to drink and walk around the cravings.
Chapters 38-40
The situation at the front. Conversation between Grigory and Kudinov. Situation in Ust-Khoperskoy. Shtokman's conversations with the Red Guards.
Chapters 41, 42
Stanitsa Karginskaya. Gregory's plan to defeat the Reds. Gregory's drinking. Talk about a coup. Memories of Grigory about Aksinya.
Chapters 43, 44
The life of the Cossacks. In a battle near Klimovka, Grigory cuts three Red Guards, after which he experiences a severe nervous fit.
Chapter 45, 46
The next day, Grigory goes to Veshenskaya, on the way frees from prison the relatives of the Cossacks who had left with the Red Cossacks arrested by Kudinov. Life in Tatarsky. Gregory returns home. Natalya learns about her husband's numerous betrayals, a quarrel occurs between them.
Chapter 47, 48
Fight of the Moscow regiment with the rebels. Meanwhile, the Serdob regiment, where Koshevoy, Shtokman and Kotlyarov serve, in full force goes over to the side of the rebels; even before the riots began, Shtokman managed to send Mishka with a report to the headquarters.
Chapter 49
A rally takes place on the square, during which Shtokman is killed, and Ivan Alekseevich, along with other communists of the regiment, is put under arrest.
Chapters 50, 51
Grigory and Aksinya meet by chance. Panteley Prokofievich becomes a witness of this meeting. A longstanding feeling for Grigory awakens in Aksinya; that evening, taking advantage of Stepan's absence, she asks Daria to call Gregory for her. Their connection is renewed. The next morning he had a conversation with Natalya. Grigory goes to Karginskaya, where he learns about the transition to the rebels of the Serdobsky regiment. He immediately rushes to Veshki to save Kotlyarov and Mishka and find out who killed Petro.
Chapters 52-55
Bogatyrev comes to Ust-Khoperskaya. The meeting and disarmament of the hearts are underway. The prisoners beaten beyond recognition are driven to the Tatarsky farm, where they are greeted by the relatives of the Cossacks who were thirsty for revenge, along with Pyotr Melekhov. The situation at the front.
Chapter 56
Daria accuses Ivan Alekseevich of the death of her husband and shoots him, Antip Brekhovich helps to finish off Kotlyarov. An hour after the beating of the prisoners, Grigory, who had driven the horse to death, appears on the farm.
Chapters 57, 58
The situation at the front. Grigory's conversation with Kudyakov. Agreeing to lead the breakthrough to the Don, Grigory decides to take Aksinya with him, and leave Natalia with the children at home.
Chapters 59-61
Retreat of the rebel forces. Road to Big Thunder. Crossing the Don rebels. Preparations for battle. The landmarks are beginning to come under intense artillery fire. The Reds are preparing to cross the Don near the location of the Gromkovskaya Hundreds, where Gregory immediately sets off.
Chapters 62-63
Aksinya settles in Veshki and finds Gregory. The life of Gregory and Aksinya. He meets with his father and learns that Natalya is sick with typhus.
Chapters 64, 65
Conversation between Kudinov and Grigory. Koshevoy arrives at Tatarskoe. Kills grandfather Grishaka, avenging Ivan Alekseevich and Shtokman. He comes to the Melekhovs, wants to meet with Dunyasha, but does not find her at home.
Book IV. Part VII
Chapter 1
Upper Don Uprising. Then there was a relative calm. Stepan meets with his wife, she thinks about Grigory. A few days later he returns to Veshki.
Chapters 2, 3
To the complete surprise of the Cossacks of the Gromkovskaya hundred, occupied exclusively with moonshine and women, a Red Guard regiment was ferried across the Don. The Gromkovites in panic run to Veshenskaya, where Grigory manages to pull up hundreds of horsemen of the Kargins regiment. Soon he learns that the Tartars have abandoned the trenches. Trying to stop the farmers, Grigory thrashes Christonya who is walking in an unbridled camel gallop with a whip; and the running tirelessly and briskly goes to Panteley. Quickly gathering and reasoning the farmers, Grigory orders them to go to join the Semyonov hundred. The Reds go on the offensive; with machine-gun bursts, the Cossacks force them to return to their original positions.
Chapter 4
Natalia's recovery after typhus. To Ilyinichna's horror, the talkative Mitashka informs the Red Army soldier who has entered the house that his father is in command of all the Cossacks. On the same day, the Reds are knocked out of Vesheki and Panteley Prokofievich returns home.
Chapters 5, 6
Breakthrough of the front. Cossack patrol. Grigory visits Yagodnoye and buries his grandfather Sasha.
Chapter 7
General Sekretev arrives at Veshenskaya. A banquet is held in his honor. Having left there, Grigory comes to visit Aksinya and finds Stepan alone. Returning home Aksinya willingly drinks to the health of her lover.
Chapter 8
Gregory is looking for Prokhor and finds him at the same table with Stepan. At dawn, Gregory arrives home. He talks to Dunyasha and orders her to leave even thoughts of Koshevoy. Gregory is experiencing a surge of affection for Natalia. The next day, tormented by vague forebodings, he leaves the farm.
Chapters 9, 10
Fight at Ust-Medveditskaya. At night, Gregory has a terrible dream. At dawn, Grigory, along with his chief of staff, is summoned to a meeting with General Fitzkhalaurov. During the reception, a clash occurs between Gregory and the general. When he returns to his room, there is a skirmish with the officers on the road.
Chapter 11
The battle for Ust-Medveditsa. After this skirmish, a strange indifference overtakes Gregory; for the first time in his life, he decides to withdraw from direct participation in the battle.
Chapter 12
Mitka Korshunov comes to the Tatarsky farm. Now he is in a punitive detachment, in a short time he rose to the rank of corpsman. First of all, having visited his native ashes, he goes to the post to the Melekhovs, who cordially meet the guest. After making inquiries about the Koshevs and finding out that Mishka's mother and children remained at home, Mitka and his comrades kill them. Upon learning of this, Panteley Prokofievich drives him out of the yard, and Mitka, returning to his punitive detachment, sets off to restore order in the Ukrainian settlements of the Donetsk District.
Daria goes to the front to bring up cartridges and returns depressed. The commander of the Don Army, General Sidorin, arrives at the farm. Pantelei Prokofievich brings bread and salt to the general and representatives of the allies, and Daria, along with other Cossack widows, is awarded the St. George medal and is presented with five hundred rubles.
Chapters 13-14
Changes in the life of the Melekhovs. Daria's clash with her father-in-law because of the award, she categorically refuses to give the money she received "for Peter", although she gives Ilyinichna forty rubles for a commemoration of the deceased. Daria confesses to Natalya that during her trip she contracted syphilis and, since this disease is incurable, she is going to kill herself. Daria, not wanting to suffer alone, tells Natalya that Grigory again got along with Aksinya.
Chapter 15
Retreat of the Reds. Soon after this, Gregory was removed from his post as division commander and, despite his requests to be sent to the rear for health reasons, he was appointed centurion of the 19th regiment.
Chapter 16
After a conversation with Daria, Natalya lives as in a dream. She tries to find out something from Prokhor's wife, but she says nothing, and then Natalya goes to Aksinya. Going with Ilyinichna to weed melon, Natalya tells her mother-in-law about everything. Exhausted, sobbing Natalya tells Ilyinichna that she loves her husband and does not wish him harm, but she will no longer give birth from him: she is three months pregnant and is going to go to grandma Kapitonovna to free herself from the fetus. On the same day, Natalya stealthily leaves the house and returns only towards evening, bleeding. An urgently called paramedic can do nothing to help. Natalia says goodbye to the children. She soon dies.
Chapters 17, 18
Grigory arrives on the third day after Natalia's funeral. In his own way, he loved his wife, and now his suffering is compounded by a sense of guilt for this death. He only talks to Aksinya once. Grigory is getting closer to the children, but after two weeks, unable to bear the melancholy, he returns to the front.
Chapters 19, 20
On the way, he and Prokhor now and then meet Cossacks, carrying carts with looted goods, and deserters: the Don army decays at the moment of its greatest success. The position of the Don region.
Chapters 21, 22
Soon after Grigory's departure, Daria drowned herself in the Don. The funeral. Ilyinichna forbids Mishatka to visit Aksinya, and a quarrel occurs between the women. In August, Pan-Telei Prokofievich was called to the front, he deserted, but soon he was caught. The trial of the deserters took place, and immediately after it Melekhov again runs home. They decide to leave Veshki at home.
Chapters 23-24
The advance of the red. Defeat of the Volunteer Army. Two weeks later the Melekhovs return to Tatarsky. Gregory, a patient with typhus, is brought from the front.
Chapters 25, 26
Having recovered, Grigory shows interest in the household, conducts conversations with children. Panteley Prokofievich leaves. Gregory meets with Aksinya and calls her to retreat with him. The evacuation begins in Veshenskaya. Gregory meets Prokhor. Gregory, together with Aksinya and Prokhor, leave the farm. On the way, Aksinya falls ill with typhus, and Gregory is forced to leave her.
Chapter 27
The denouement of the war. Grigory and Prokhor go to the Kuban. Arriving at the end of January in Belaya Glina, he learns that Panteley Prokofievich had died of typhus the day before. Having buried his father, Gregory himself falls ill with relapsing fever and remains alive only thanks to the devotion and dedication of Prokhor.
Chapters 28-29
On the way, they meet Ermakov and Ryabchikov. Having moved to Novorossiysk, they try to evacuate by steamer to Turkey, but, seeing the futility of their attempts, they decide to stay at home.
Part VIII
Chapter 1
Having recovered, Aksinya returns home; anxiety for Grigory's life brings her closer to the Melekhovs. It becomes known that Stepan left for the Crimea, and soon Prokhor, who lost his hand, returns and reports that he and Gregory entered the Cavalry, where Grigory took command of the squadron.
Chapters 2, 3
The Cossacks are returning to the farm. Ilyinichna is looking forward to her son, but instead of him Mishka Koshevoy comes to the Melekhovs. Ilyinichna drives him away, but he continues to come. Rumors about Koshev and Dunyash begin to circulate in the village. In the end, Ilyinichna agrees to his marriage with Dunyasha and soon dies, never waiting for Gregory's return.
Chapter 4
Koshevoy ceases to be engaged in the economy, believing that Soviet power is still in danger, mainly due to such elements as Grigory and Prokhor Zykov. Mishka believes that Gregory's service in the Red Army does not wash away his guilt for participating in the white movement, and upon returning home he will have to answer for the insurrection. Soon Mishka was appointed chairman of the Veshensky Revolutionary Committee.
Chapters 5, 6
Life in Tatarsky. Old people talking. Gregory's return home with a Cossack woman. Meeting with Prokhor and Aksinya. A conversation with Koshev convinces him of the impossibility of his plans.
Chapter 7
Going to visit Prokhor, Grigory learns about the uprising that has begun in the Voronezh region and realizes that this could threaten him, a former officer and rebel, with trouble. In the meantime, Prokhor talks about the death of Yevgeny Listnitsky, who shot himself because of his wife's betrayal. Yakov Fomin, met in Veshki, advises Grigory to leave the house for a while, since the arrests of officers began.
Chapters 8, 9
Relations between Gregory and Aksinya. Taking the children, Grigory goes to live with Aksinya. Thanks to his sister, he manages to avoid arrest and escape from the farm.
Chapters 10-12
By the will of circumstances, Grigory falls into Fomin's gang. Acquaintance with Kaparin. Fomin is going to destroy the commissars and communists and establish his own Cossack power, but these good intentions do not find support among the population, who are tired of the war even more than from the Soviet power.
Chapter 13
Gregory decides to leave the gang at the first opportunity. Having met a familiar farmer, he asks to convey bow to Prokhor and Dunyashka, and Aksinya to tell her to wait for his soon return. Meanwhile, the gang suffers defeat after defeat, and the fighters are engaged in looting with might and main. Soon the red units complete the rout, and of the entire Fominsk gang, only five people remain alive. Among them are Grigory and Fomin himself.
Chapters 14-15
The fugitives settle on a small island opposite the Rubezhny farm. They decide to cross the Don. Conversation between Grigory and Kaparin. Fomin kills Kaparin. At the end of April, they cross the Don to merge with Maslak's gang.
Chapter 16
Gradually, about forty people from various small gangs join Fomin, and he offers Grigory to take the place of chief of staff. Grigory refuses and soon runs away from Fomin.
Chapter 17
Arriving at the farm at night, he goes to Aksinya and invites her to leave for the Kuban, temporarily leaving the children in the care of Dunyasha. Leaving the house and farm, Aksinya leaves with Grigory. After resting in the steppe, they are going to drive on when they come across an outpost on their way. The fugitives manage to escape from the pursuit, but one of the bullets fired after them mortally wounds Aksinya. Shortly before dawn, without regaining consciousness, she dies in the arms of Gregory. Gregory, "dead from horror, realized that everything was over, that the worst thing that could happen in his life had already happened." Having buried Aksinya, Gregory raises his head and sees a black sky above him and a dazzling black disk of the sun.
Chapter 18
After wandering aimlessly across the steppe, he decides to go to the Slashchevskaya oak grove, where deserters live in dugouts. From Chumakov he met there, Grigory learns about the rout of the gang and the death of Fomin. For six months he lives, trying not to think about anything and driving poisonous melancholy from his heart, and at night he dreams of children, Aksinya and other deceased loved ones. At the beginning of spring, without waiting for the amnesty promised by May 1, Gregory decides to return home. Approaching his home, he sees Mishatka. The son is everything that still ties Gregory with the earth and with all the vast world shining under the cold sun.
The purpose of the lesson: to show the inevitability of the tragedy of the fate of Grigory Melekhov, the connection of this tragedy with the fate of society.
Methodological techniques: verification homework -correction of the plan drawn up by the students, conversation according to the plan.
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Methodical development of a lesson on the topic "The fate of Grigory Melekhov as a way of finding the truth." Grade 11
The purpose of the lesson: to show the inevitability of the tragedy of the fate of Grigory Melekhov, the connection of this tragedy with the fate of society.
Methodological techniques: checking homework, correcting the plan drawn up by the students, talking according to the plan.
During the classes
Teacher's word.
Sholokhov's heroes are simple people, but outstanding, and Grigory is not only brave to despair, honest and conscientious, but also truly talented, and not only the hero's "career" proves this (a cornet from simple Cossacks at the head of a division is evidence of considerable abilities, although such cases were not uncommon among the Reds during the civil war). This is also confirmed by his life collapse, since Gregory is too deep and complex for the unambiguous choice required by time!
This image attracts readers' attention with features of nationality, originality, sensitivity to the new. But there is in it and spontaneous, which is inherited from the environment.
Homework check
Approximate plot plan "The Fate of Grigory Melekhov":
Book one
1. Predestination tragic fate (origin).
2. Living in the father's house. Dependence on him ("like dad").
3. The beginning of love for Aksinya (thunderstorm on the river)
4. Skirmish with Stepan.
5 Matchmaking and marriage. ...
6. Leaving home with Aksinya as farm laborers to Listnitskys.
7. Drafting into the army.
8. Murder of an Austrian. Loss of a fulcrum.
9. Injury. The news of the death received by the family.
10. Hospital in Moscow. Conversations with Garanzha.
11. Break with Aksinya and return home.
Book two, hours 3-4
12. Etching the truth of Garanji. Going to the front as a "kind Cossack".
13.1915 The rescue of Stepan Astakhov.
14. Coarsening of the heart. Chubaty's influence.
15. Premonition of trouble, injury.
16. Gregory and his children, the desire for the end of the war.
17. On the side of the Bolsheviks. The influence of Izvarin and Podtelkov.
18. Reminder of Aksinya.
19. Injury. Massacre of prisoners.
20. Infirmary. "Who should I lean against?"
21. Family. "I am for Soviet power."
22. Unsuccessful elections to the detachment chieftains.
23. Last meeting with Podtyolkov.
Book three, part 6
24. Conversation with Peter.
25. Malice towards the Bolsheviks.
26. Quarrel with the father because of the loot.
27. Unauthorized departure home.
28. Reds at the Melekhovs.
29. Dispute with Ivan Alekseevich about "man's power".
30. Drunkenness, thoughts of death.
31. Gregory kills the sailors
32. Conversation with grandfather Grishaka and with Natalia.
33. Meeting with Aksinya.
Book four,part 7:
34. Gregory in the family. Children, Natalia.
35. Dream of Gregory.
36. Kudinov about Grigory's ignorance.
37. Quarrel with Fitzkhalaurov.
38. Family breakdown.
39. Disbandment of the division, Gregory is promoted to centurion.
40. Death of his wife.
41. Typhus and convalescence.
42. An attempt to board a steamer in Novorossiysk.
Part 8:
43. Gregory at Budyonny's.
44. Demobilization, conversation with. Michael.
45. Leaving the farm.
46. \u200b\u200bIn the owl's gang, on the island.
47. Leaving the gang.
48. Death of Aksinya.
49. In the forest.
50. Returning home.
Conversation.
The image of Grigory Melekhov is the central one in M. Sholokhov's epic novel "Quiet Don". It is immediately impossible to say about him whether this is a positive or negative hero. For too long he has wandered in search of the truth, his path. Grigory Melekhov appears in the novel primarily as a truth-seeker.
At the beginning of the novel, Grigory Melekhov is an ordinary farm boy with the usual range of household chores, activities, and entertainment. He lives thoughtlessly, like grass in the steppe, following traditional principles. Even love for Aksinya, capturing his passionate nature, can change nothing. He allows his father to marry him, as usual, prepares for military service... Everything in his life happens involuntarily, as if without his participation, as he involuntarily dissects a tiny defenseless duckling while mowing - and he shuddered at what he had done.
Grigory Melekhov did not come to this world for bloodshed. But the harsh life put a saber in his hardworking hands. As a tragedy, Gregory experienced the first human blood shed. The appearance of the Austrian killed by him appears later in his dream, causing mental pain. The experience of war in general turns his life upside down, makes him think, look into himself, listen, take a closer look at people. Conscious life begins.
The Bolshevik Garanzh, who met Grigory in the hospital, seems to open up to him the truth and the prospect of changes for the better. "Autonomist" Efim Izvarin, Bolshevik Fyodor Podtyolkov played a significant role in shaping the convictions of Grigory Melekhov. Fyodor Podtyolkov, who was tragically killed, pushed Melekhov away by shedding the blood of unarmed prisoners who believed the promises of the Bolshevik who had captured them. The senselessness of this murder and the callousness of the "dictator" stunned the hero. He is also a warrior, he killed a lot, but here not only the laws of humanity are violated, but also the laws of war.
“Honest to the bottom,” Grigory Melekhov cannot help but see the deception. The Bolsheviks promised that there would be no rich and poor. However, a year has passed since the "Reds" are in power, and the promised equality is not there: "the platoonman in chrome boots, and" Vanyok "in the windings." Gregory is very observant, he tends to think over his observations, and the conclusions from his reflections are disappointing: "If the pan is bad, then from the ham the pan is a hundred times worse."
The civil war throws Gregory first into the Budennovsky detachment, then into the white units, but this is no longer thoughtless submission to a way of life or a coincidence of circumstances, but a conscious search for truth, a path. His home and peaceful work are seen by him as the main values \u200b\u200bof life. In the war, shedding blood, he dreams of how he will prepare for sowing, and these thoughts warm his soul.
The Soviet government does not allow the former centennial ataman to live peacefully, threatens with prison or execution. The food requisitioning instills in the minds of many Cossacks the desire to "re-conquer", instead of the workers' power to put their own, Cossack. Gangs are formed on the Don. Grigory Melekhov, who is hiding from the persecution of the Soviet regime, falls into one of them, the Fomin gang. But the bandits have no future. For most of the Cossacks, it is clear: it is necessary to sow, not fight.
Stretches to peaceful labor and main character novel. The last test, the last tragic loss for him is the death of his beloved woman - Aksinya, who was shot on the way, as it seems to them, to a free and happy life. Everything was lost. Gregory's soul is burned out. There remains only the last, but a very important thread connecting the hero with life - this is his home. The house, the land waiting for the owner, and the little son - his future, his trace on the earth.
With amazing psychological reliability and historical validity, the depth of the contradictions through which the hero passed is revealed. Versatility and complexity inner peace a person is always in the center of M. Sholokhov's attention. Individual fates and a broad generalization of the ways and crossroads of the Don Cossacks allow us to see how complex and contradictory life is, how difficult it is to choose the true path.
What is the meaning of Sholokhov when he speaks of Grigory as a "good Cossack"? Why is Grigory Melekhov chosen as the main character?
(Grigory Melekhov is an extraordinary nature, a bright individuality. He is sincere and honest in thoughts and actions (especially in relation to Natalia and Aksinya (see episodes: last meeting with Natalia - part 7, chapter 7; death of Natalia - part 7, chapter 16 -18;death of Aksinya). He has a responsive heart, a developed sense of pity, compassion (a duck in the haymaking, Franya, the execution of Ivan Alekseevich).
Grigory is a person capable of doing something (leaving with Aksinya to Yagodnoye, breaking with Podtyolkov, clashing with Fitzkhalaurov - part 7, chapter 10; decision to return to the farm).
In what episodes is Gregory's bright, outstanding personality most fully revealed? The role of internal monologues. Does a person depend on circumstances or does he make his own destiny?
(He never lied to himself, despite doubts and throwing (see internal monologues - part 6, chapter 21). This is the only character whose thoughts the author reveals. War corrupts people to provoke them to do things that a person normally would never Gregory had a core that didn’t allow him once to do meanness. Deep attachment to home, to the earth - the strongest emotional movement: "My hands need to work, not fight."
The hero is constantly in a situation of choice ("I am looking for a way out myself"). Turning point: dispute and quarrel with Ivan Alekseevich Kotlyarov, Shtokman. The uncompromising attitude of a man who never knew the middle. Tragedyas if transported into the depths of consciousness: "He painfully tried to sort out the confusion of thoughts." This is not political vacillation, but a search for the truth. Gregory yearns for the truth, "under whose wing everyone could warm up." And such a truth, from his point of view, is not among the Whites, nor among the Reds: “There is no truth in life. It is evident that whoever overcomes whom will devour that. And I was looking for the bad truth. He was sick with his soul, he swayed back and forth. " These searches were, as he believes, "wasted and empty." And this is also his tragedy. A person is placed in inevitable, spontaneous circumstances and already in these circumstances makes a choice, his destiny.) “Most of all, for a writer, - said Sholokhov, - he himself needs to - to convey the movement of a person's soul. I wanted to tell about this charm of a man in Grigory Melekhov ... "
Do you think the author of The Quiet Don is able to “convey the movement of the human soul” by the example of the fate of Grigory Melekhov? If so, what do you think is the main direction of this movement? What is its general character? Does the novel's protagonist have what you might call charm? If so, what is its charm? The main problematics of "Quiet Don" is revealed not in the character of one, even the main character, which is Grigory Melekhov, but in the juxtaposition and opposition of many, many characters, in the entire figurative system, in the style and language of the work. But the image of Grigory Melekhov as a typical personality, as it were, concentrates in itself the main historical and ideological conflict of the work and thus unites all the details of a huge picture of the complex and contradictory life of many actors, who are carriers of a certain attitude towards the revolution and the people in a given historical era.
How would you define the main issues of The Quiet Don? What, in your opinion, allows you to characterize Grigory Melekhov as a typical person? Can you agree that it is in it that "the main historical and ideological conflict of the work" is concentrated? Literary critic A.I. Khvatov asserts: “There was a huge reserve of moral forces in Gregory, which were necessary in the creative achievements of the new life that was becoming. Whatever complications and troubles fell on him and no matter how painful the deed under the influence of a wrong decision fell on his soul, Gregory never looked for motives that weaken his personal guilt and responsibility to life and people. "
What do you think gives a scientist the right to assert that “there was a huge reserve of moral forces in Gregory”? What actions do you think support such a statement? And against him? What “wrong decisions does Sholokhov's hero make? Is it permissible, in your opinion, to talk about "wrong decisions" literary hero? Reflect on this topic. Do you agree that “Gregory never looked for motives that weakened his personal guilt and responsibility to life and people”? Give examples from the text. “In the plot, the conjugations of motives are artistically effective in revealing the image of Gregory, the inescapable love that Aksinya and Natalya give him, the immensity of Ilyinichna's maternal suffering, the devoted comradely loyalty of fellow soldiers and peers,” especially Prokhor Zykov. Even those with whom his interests intersected dramatically, but to whom his soul opened up ... could not help but feel the power of his charm and generosity "(A.I. Khvatov).
Do you agree that the love of Aksinya and Natalya, the suffering of his mother, as well as the comradely loyalty of fellow soldiers and peers play a special role in revealing the image of Grigory Melekhov? If so, how does this manifest itself in each of these cases?
With whom of the heroes did the interests of Grigory Melekhov "overlap dramatically"? Can you agree that even these heroes reveal the soul of Grigory Melekhov, and they, in turn, were able to "feel the power of his charm and generosity"? Give examples from the text.
The critic V. Kirpotin (1941) reproached Sholokhov's heroes with primitivism, rudeness, “mental underdevelopment”: “Even the best of them, Grigory, is a slow-witted. Thought is an unbearable burden for him. "
Are there among the heroes of "Quiet Don" those who seemed to you rude and primitive, "mentally undeveloped" people? If so, what role do they play in the novel?Do you agree that Sholokhov's Grigory Melekhov is a "slow-witted", for whom thought is an "unbearable burden"? If yes, give specific examples of the hero's "slow thinking", his inability, unwillingness to think. The critic N. Zhdanov noted (1940): “Grigory could have been with the people in his struggle ... but he did not become with the people. And this is his tragedy. "
Is it true, in your opinion, that Gregory “did not become with the people,” is it the people only those who are for the Reds?What do you think is the tragedy of Grigory Melekhov? (This question can be left as homework for a detailed written answer.)
Homework.
How do the events that captured the country relate to the events of Grigory Melekhov's personal life?
First book.
Part one.
1.Portrait of Gregory.
2. Meeting of Gregory with Aksinya by the river. The origin of feelings of love in Gregory and Aksinya.
3. The wedding of Gregory and Natalia.
Part two.
1.Family life with Natalia, comparison with Aksinya.
2.Oath of Gregory to the Cossacks.
3. Dislikes Natalya, Natalya is going to leave the Melekhovs.
4. Gregory left home, meeting with Aksinya.
5. Settled up with Aksinya to serve with Pan Listnitsky.
6. Meeting on the field with Aksinya's husband Stepan Astakhov.
7.The birth of a girl at Aksinya.
8.Gregory is taken into the army.
Part three.
1. The beginning of the First World War.
2. Crossing the border. Murder of the first Austrian.
3. Replenishment from Vyoshenskaya. Talking to my brother about farm news.
4. Gregory at the front, wounded, rumors of his death in battle.
5. Return to the regiment.
6. News that he is alive, about the feat of saving the officer and about the reward.
7. Wound in the eye, evacuation to the rear. Hospital in Moscow.
8. The doctrine of the anti-nationality of war. The visit to the hospital by the Grand Duke and the trick of Gregory (deprived of food for three days).
9. Return home. I learned about the death of my daughter and about Aksinya's connection with Yevgeny Listnitsky. Grigory's revenge on Evgeny and Melekhov's return to his parents, with whom his wife Natalya lived.
Book two.
Part four.
1.Gregory at the front. The victory of the innate Cossack desire to fight over the great human truth of the inhumanity of war. Salvation by Grigory Stepan Astakhov (irreconcilable dispersed). Wormy cabbage soup at the front (demand to punish and replace the captenarmus).
2. The birth of Natalia's twins.
Part five.
1. January 1917. Gregory was promoted to cornet.
2. Conversation with Izvarin about the Bolsheviks. It is difficult to figure out whether the Cossack is on the way with the Bolsheviks or not.
3. Conversation with Fedor Podtyolkov (shifting eyes).
4. For the Bolsheviks, Grigory or for the Cossacks? For some time he fought on the side of the Bolsheviks. Drawn to them. But I also wanted to manage at home.
5. Return home, to children, wife and parents.
6. News that the Red Army was defeated nearby, the Kaledin army is coming, it is necessary to reel.
7. Cossack gathering. Hesitation of Gregory. Cossacks call not to break away from them. Didn't leave. They chose a detachment, as an officer. Challenge: he was in the Bolsheviks, there is no trust in him.
8. Against the Red Guards and Podtelkov. Execution of Podtelkov's detachment. Meeting of Grigory with Podtyolkov ("And yours and ours, who will give more?" - "You burps. Cossacks sold to the Jews!").
Book three.
Part six.
1. April 1918. The great division on the Don: who is for the Bolsheviks, who is against.
2. Fight with the Red Army. For a humane attitude towards prisoners, Gregory was removed from command.
3. Gregory's indifference to war.
4. Noticed general dissatisfaction with the war and fled to his father's bases.
5. The arrival of the Red Army at the Melekhovs' house.
6.Attempt on Gregory. The escape.
7. Mobilization for the Upper Don uprising.
8. The death of brother Peter (Mishka Koshevoy killed).
9.Grigory - commander of the Vyoshensky Cossack regiment. Anxiety and bitterness over participation in the war.
10.Killing several Red Army soldiers in the attack.
11. Meeting with relatives at home. Confesses to want to forget.
12. A new flash of love with Aksinya.
13.Gregory agrees to lead the breakthrough to the Don. All run and cross the river.
Good afternoon. I was interested in your answer "The first book. Part one. 1. Portrait of Gregory. 2. Gregory's meeting with Aksinya by the river. Zarodezh ..." to the question http: // www .. Can I discuss this answer with you?
Discuss with an expertQuiet Don is a work that shows the life of the Don Cossacks in one of the most difficult historical periods in Russia. The realities of the first third of the twentieth century, which turned the whole usual way of life, like caterpillars, drove through the destinies of ordinary people. Through life path Grigory Melekhov in the novel "Quiet Flows the Don" Sholokhov reveals the main idea of \u200b\u200bthe work, which is to depict the collision of the personality and those who do not depend on him historical events, his wounded fate.
The fight between duty and feelings
At the beginning of the work, the main character is shown as a hardworking guy with a hot temper, which he inherited from his ancestors. Cossack and even Turkish blood flowed in him. Eastern roots endowed Grishka with a bright appearance, capable of turning the head of more than one Don beauty, and Cossack stubbornness, in places bordering on stubbornness, ensured the firmness and steadfastness of his character.
On the one hand, he shows respect and love for his parents, on the other hand, he does not listen to their opinion. The first conflict between Gregory and his parents happens because of his love affair with his married neighbor Aksinya. To end the sinful relationship between Aksinya and Gregory, his parents decide to marry him. But their choice in the role of sweet and meek Natalia Korshunova did not solve the problem, but only exacerbated it. Despite the official marriage, love for his wife did not appear, and for Aksinya, who, tormented by jealousy, increasingly sought a meeting with him, only flared up.
The blackmail of his father with his house and property forced the hot and impulsive Gregory in his hearts to leave the farm, his wife, relatives and leave with Aksinya. Because of his deed, the proud and unyielding Cossack, whose family from time immemorial cultivated its own land and grew its own bread, had to go to the mercenaries, which made Grigory ashamed and disgusting. But now he had to answer both for Aksinya, who abandoned her husband because of him, and for the child she carried.
War and betrayal of Aksinya
A new misfortune was not long in coming: the war began, and Gregory, who had sworn allegiance to the sovereign, was forced to leave both the old and the new family and go to the front. In his absence, Aksinya remained in the master's house. The death of her daughter and news from the front about the death of Gregory crippled the woman's strength, and she was forced to succumb to the onslaught of the centurion Listnitsky.
Coming from the front and learning about Aksinya's betrayal, Gregory returns to his family again. For a period of time, his wife, relatives and twins who soon appeared delight him. But the time of troubles on the Don, associated with the Revolution, did not allow enjoying family happiness.
Ideological and personal doubts
In the novel "Quiet Flows the Don", the path of Grigory Melekhov is full of quests, doubts and contradictions, both politically and in love. He constantly rushed about, not knowing where the truth was: “Everyone has their own truth, their own furrow. People have always fought for a piece of bread, for a plot of land, for the right to life. We must fight with those who want to take away life, the right to it ... ". He decided to lead the Cossack division and repair the supports for the advancing Reds. However, the further the Civil War continued, the more Gregory doubted the correctness of his choice, he understood more clearly that the Cossacks were waging a war with windmills. The interests of the Cossacks and their native land were of no interest to anyone.
The same model of behavior is typical in the personal life of the protagonist of the work. Over time, he forgives Aksinya, realizing that he cannot live without her love and takes with him to the front. Then he sends her home, where she is forced to return to her husband once again. Arriving on leave, he looks at Natalia with different eyes, appreciating her devotion and loyalty. He was drawn to his wife, and this closeness culminated in the conception of a third child.
But again the passion for Aksinya prevailed over him. His latest betrayal led to the death of his wife. Gregory drowns remorse and the impossibility of confronting feelings in the war, becoming cruel and merciless: “I was so smeared with someone else's blood that I already had no one left to reap. Little kids - and I almost don't regret this one, but I don't have any thoughts about myself. The war took everything out of me. I myself have become terrible. Look into my soul, and there is blackness, as in an empty well ... ".
A stranger among his own
The loss of loved ones and the retreat sobered Gregory, he understands: you need to be able to preserve what he has left. He takes Aksinya with him to retreat, but because of typhoid he is forced to leave her.
He again begins to seek the truth and finds himself in the Red Army, taking command of the cavalry squadron. However, even participating in hostilities on the side of the Soviets will not wash away Gregory's past, tarnished by the white movement. He faces execution, as his sister Dunya warned him about. Taking Aksinya, he attempts to escape, during which his beloved woman is killed. Having fought for his land and on the side of the Cossacks and the Reds, he remained a stranger among his own.
The path of Grigory Melekhov's searches in the novel is the fate of a common man who loved his land, but lost everything that he had and valued, protecting it for the life of the next generation, which in the finale is personified by his son Mishatka.
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