Final essay- this is an exam format that allows you to evaluate several aspects of a student's knowledge at once. Among them: vocabulary, knowledge of literature, the ability to express one's point of view in writing. In a word, this format makes it possible to assess the student's general knowledge of both the language and subject knowledge.

1. 3 hours 55 minutes are allotted for the final essay, the recommended length is 350 words.
2. Date of the final essay 2016-2017. In the 2015-2016 academic year, it was held on December 2, 2015, February 3, 2016, May 4, 2016. In 2016-2017 - December 7, February 1, May 17.
3. The final essay (statement) is held on the first Wednesday of December, the first Wednesday of February and the first working Wednesday of May.

The purpose of the essay is reasoning, a competently and clearly built point of view of the student using examples from the literature within the framework of a given topic. It is important to note that the topics do not indicate a specific work for analysis, it is of an oversubject nature.

Topics of the final essay on literature 2016-2017

Topics are formed from two lists: open and closed. The first is known in advance, reflects approximate general themes, they are formulated as concepts that contradict each other.
A closed list of topics is announced 15 minutes before the start of the composition - these are more specific topics.
An open list of topics for the final essay 2016-2017:
1. "Mind and Feeling",
2. "Honor and dishonor",
3. "Victory and defeat",
4. "Experience and mistakes",
5. "Friendship and enmity".
The topics are presented in a problematic way, the names of the topics are antonyms.

An approximate list of references for all those who will write the final essay (2016-2017):
1. A.M. Gorky "Old Woman Izergil"
2. A.P. Chekhov "Ionych"
3. A.S. Pushkin "The Captain's Daughter", "Eugene Onegin", "The Stationmaster"
4. B.L. Vasiliev "I was not on the lists",
5. V.A. Kaverin "Two Captains"
6. V.V. Bykov "Sotnikov"
7. V.P. Astafiev "Tsar-fish"
8. Henry Marsh "Do No Harm"
9. Daniel Defoe "Robinson Crusoe",

10. Jack London "White Fang",
11. Jack London "Martin Eden",
12. I.A. Bunin "Clean Monday"
13. I.S. Turgenev "Fathers and Sons"
14. L.N. Tolstoy "War and Peace"
15. M.A. Sholokhov "Quiet Don"
16. M.Yu. Lermontov "A Hero of Our Time"
17. F.M. Dostoevsky "Crime and Punishment", "The Idiot"
18. E. Hemingway "The Old Man and the Sea",
19. E.M. Remarque "All Quiet on the Western Front",
20. E.M. Remarque "Three Comrades".

Argumenyou to the topic "Mind and feeling"

The point of view should be argued, in order to properly formulate it, one should involve literary material corresponding to the topic. The argument is the main component of the essay, is one of the evaluation criteria. It has the following requirements:
1. Relevant to the theme
2. Include literary material
3. Be inscribed in the text logically, in accordance with the overall composition
4. Be communicated through quality writing
5. Be well-designed.
To the topic "Reason and Feeling" one can take arguments from the works of I.S. Turgenev "Fathers and Sons", A.S. Griboyedov "Woe from Wit", N.M. Karamzin "Poor Lisa", Jane Austen "Sense and Sensibility".

Examples of final essays

There are a number of essay templates. They are evaluated according to five criteria, here is an example of an essay that scored the highest score:
An example of an essay on the topic: "Should reason prevail over feelings?"
What to listen to, to reason or feelings - every person asks such a question. It is especially acute when the mind dictates one thing, and feelings contradict it. What is the voice of reason, when a person should listen more precisely to his advice, a person decides for himself, the same with feelings. Without a doubt, the choice in one or another favor depends on the specific situation. For example, even a child knows that in a stressful situation one should not panic, it is better to listen to reason. It is important not only to listen to both reason and feelings, but also to really learn to distinguish situations when it is necessary to listen to the first or to the second to a greater extent.

Since the question has always been relevant, it has found wide circulation both in Russian and in foreign literature. Jane Austen in the novel "Sense and Sensibility" on the example of two sisters reflected this eternal contradiction. Elinor, the eldest of the sisters, is sensible, but not devoid of feelings, she just knows how to manage them. Mariana is in no way inferior to her older sister, but prudence is not inherent in her in anything. The author showed how their characters affected in the test of love. In the case of her older sister, her prudence almost played a cruel joke on her, thanks to her reserved nature, she did not immediately let her lover know what she felt. Mariana, on the other hand, became a victim of feelings, so she was deceived by a young man who took advantage of her gullibility and married a wealthy lady. As a result, the older sister was ready to put up with loneliness, but the man of her heart, Edward Ferras, makes a choice in her favor, refusing not only the inheritance, but also his word: engagement with an unloved woman. Marianna, after a serious illness and deceit, grows up and agrees to an engagement with a 37-year-old captain, for whom she does not have romantic feelings, but deeply respects.

A similar choice is made by the characters in A.P. Chekhov "About Love". However, Alekhin and Anna Luganovich, succumbing to the call of reason, give up their happiness, which makes their act right in the eyes of society, but deep down in their souls, both heroes are unhappy.

So what is the mind: logic, common sense, or just boring reason? Can feelings interfere with a person's life or, on the contrary, provide an invaluable service? There is no unequivocal answer in this dispute, whom to listen to: reason or feeling. Both are equally important for a person, so you just need to learn how to use them correctly.

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Five arguments for preparing for the final essay on the block of topics: "Honor and dishonor"

1. A.S. Pushkin "The Captain's Daughter"

The epigraph of the novel immediately points to the problem raised by the author: who is the bearer of honor, who is dishonor. Embodied honor, which does not allow one to be guided by material or other selfish interests, is manifested in the feat of Captain Mironov and his inner circle. Pyotr Grinev is ready to die for the given word of the oath, and does not even try to get out, deceive, save a life. Shvabrin acts otherwise: in order to save his life, he is ready to go into the service of the Cossacks, if only to survive.

Masha Mironova is the embodiment of female honor. She, too, is ready to die, but does not collude with the hated Shvabrin, who covets the girl's love.

2. M.Yu. Lermontov "Song about ... the merchant Kalashnikov"

Kiribeevich - a representative of the oprichnina, does not know refusal in anything, he is used to permissiveness. Desire and love lead him through life, he does not tell the whole truth (and therefore lies) to the king and receives permission to marry a married woman. Kalashnikov, following the laws of Domostroy, defends the honor of his disgraced wife. He is ready to die, but to punish his offender. Leaving to fight on the place of execution, he invites his brothers, who must continue his work if he dies. Kiribeevich, on the other hand, behaves cowardly, courage and prowess immediately leave his face as soon as he learns the name of his opponent. And although Kalashnikov dies, he dies a winner.

3. N.A. Nekrasov "To whom in Russia ..."

Matryona Timofeevna sacredly preserves her honor and dignity as a mother and wife. She, pregnant, goes to the governor's office to save her husband from recruitment.

Ermila Girin, being an honest and noble person, enjoys authority among the villagers of the nearest district. When it became necessary to buy the mill, he did not have money, the peasants at the market in half an hour collected a thousand rubles. And when I was able to return the money, I went around everyone and personally returned the borrowed money. He gave the remaining unclaimed ruble to everyone for a drink. He is an honest man and honor is more precious to him than money.

4. N.S. Leskov "Lady Macbeth of the Mtsensk District"

The main character - Katerina Izmailova - puts love above honor. For her, it doesn’t matter who to kill, just to stay with her lover. The death of the father-in-law, the husband becomes only a prelude. The main crime is the murder of a small heir. But after being exposed, she remains abandoned by her beloved, since his love was only an appearance, the desire to find a mistress as a wife. The death of Katerina Izmailova does not wash away the dirt from her crimes. So dishonor during life remains the posthumous shame of a lustful, jaded merchant's wife.

5. F.M. Dostoevsky "Crime and Punishment"

Sonya Marmeladova is the moral ideological center of the novel. The girl, thrown by her stepmother on the panel, keeps the purity of her soul. She not only sincerely believes in God, but also retains a moral principle in herself, which does not allow her to lie, steal, or betray. She bears her cross without shifting responsibility to anyone. She finds the right words to convince Raskolnikov to confess to the crime. And he follows him to hard labor, protects the honor of his ward, guards him in the most difficult moments of his life. Saves, in the end, with his love. So surprisingly, a girl working as a prostitute becomes in Dostoevsky's novel a defender and bearer of true honor and dignity.

Five arguments for preparing for the final essay on the block of topics: "Friendship and enmity"

1. A.S. Griboyedov "Woe from Wit"

Chatsky and Gorich once (only a year ago they served together in the same regiment) were friends. Their meeting at Famusov's house was joyful. One says: "An old friend," - the other echoes him: brother! This is how these people meet. According to the memoirs of Chatsky, last year “... did I know you in the regiment? only morning: a foot in the stirrup and rushing on a greyhound stallion. Now Gorich has come under the influence not only of his young wife, but of the entire Famus society. The rumor about Chatsky's madness is perceived by him with difficulty, but under the pressure of public opinion, he surrenders, thereby betraying a friend: “Well, that's it, you can't believe it ...” So easily Platon Mikhailovich betrays his former friend, almost brother.

2. M.Yu. Lermontov "A Hero of Our Time"

Pechorin does not accept friendship, he believes that in friendship one will always obey the other. Werner doesn't think so. He tries his best to understand and explain Pechorin's actions, but he never accepts his actions to the end. The last meeting of these "friends" is colored by heavy intonations of omissions and misunderstandings. It is a pity that Pechorin is indifferent to Werner's attitude towards him. It's more of a bravado though.

3. L.N. Tolstoy "War and Peace"

Prince Andrei and Count Bezukhov, despite the difference in age, are very close friends. They are united by high demands on themselves, the desire to do good to society, to leave a mark. Andrei always gives good advice to Pierre, although he never fulfills them. And Pierre is trying to help Andrei at the moment of Natasha's betrayal. His words, at first glance, are not heard by a friend, but in fact, he suffers too much and seeks to avenge the honor of his beloved girl. They are always there, even when far away. This is true friendship.

4. M.A. Sholokhov "Quiet Flows the Don"

The life of Grigory Melekhov is filled with communication with people, among them are friends such as Mitka Korshunov and Mishka Koshevoy. Over time, life separates them not only on different sides of the barricades, but also on different sides of good and evil. Prokhor Zykov remains Grigory's only truest friend to the end.

5. B. Vasiliev "Tomorrow there was a war"

Vika Lyuberetskaya and Iskra Polyakova are not friends at first. Both very strong natures, they seemed to never find a common language. But Iskra realized how pure and honest Vika was after reading Yesenin's poems. The harmless birthday became the starting point for testing the true friendship of these girls. Vika's death shocked all her classmates. But Iskra performs a feat when she reads Yesenin's poems over the grave of a young friend. This is her oath of friendship for the dead girl.

Five arguments for preparing for the final essay on the block of topics: "Mind and Feeling"

1. "The Tale of Igor's Campaign":

Reason gave way to feeling, and Igor, instead of a reasonable decision to save the army and his life, after all the omens, decides to die, but not to shame his honor.

2. Denis Ivanovich Fonvizin "Undergrowth":

Reason is completely absent in the actions of Prostakova and Skotinin, they do not even understand the need to protect their serfs, since they have all the welfare of these "masters of life." Mitrofan shows complete control over feelings: when a mother is needed, he fawns over, says that he loves her, and as soon as the mother has lost all power, he announces:

Get off, mother!

He has no sense of responsibility, love, devotion.

3. Alexander Sergeevich Griboedov "Woe from Wit":

The main character - Chatsky - at first glance, is a model of reason. He is educated, understands his place well, determines the political situation, is literate in matters of law in general and serfdom in particular. However, the mind refuses him in an everyday situation, he does not know how to behave in relations with Sophia, when she says that he is not the hero of her novel. In relation to Molchalin, Famusov and the whole secular society, he is bold and daring and, as a result, ends up with nothing. A feeling of annoyance and loneliness squeezes his chest:

My soul here is somehow compressed by grief.

But he is not used to obeying feelings and does not take seriously discord with society, but in vain.

4. Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin "Eugene Onegin":

From his youth, Onegin was used to subordinating feelings to reason: “the science of tender passion” is already proof of this. Having met Tatyana, he “did not give way to a sweet habit”, did not take this feeling seriously, deciding that he could cope with the feeling, as always, when he knew how to “shine with an obedient tear.” Reverse Tatiana. In her youth, she obeyed only feelings. Onegin read her a sermon in which he recommended: "learn to control yourself." The girl took note of these words and took up self-development. By the time of the next meeting with Onegin, she already masterfully controls her feelings, and Eugene could not see a single gram of emotion on her face. But happiness is no longer possible ...

5. Mikhail Yuryevich Lermontov "A Hero of Our Time":

The main character, Pechorin, is a man consisting of reason and feeling. When he is one on one with nature, with a diary or with a person with whom you do not have to pretend - it is a naked nerve, an emotion. A vivid example in the episode when he drove the horse down the road in pursuit of Vera. He cries in grief. This state lasts for a moment. But the moment passes, and another Pechorin rises above the “crying child” sobbing on the grass and soberly and sternly assesses his behavior. The triumph of reason does not give happiness to this person.

Five arguments for preparing for the final essay on the block of topics: "Victory and defeat"

1. M.Yu. Lermontov "Song about ... the merchant Kalashnikov"

The merchant Kalashnikov, standing up for the honor of his wife, goes to a fistfight with the guardsman Kiribeevich. He wins the battle, but dies at the hands of the executioner, because he refuses to tell the king about the reasons for his act. But Kalashnikov defended his wife's honor. And his death becomes a victory.

2. M.Yu. Lermontov "Mtsyri"

The protagonist runs away from the monastery where he has been all his life, because he considers it a prison. Three days at large became for him the replacement of a lifetime. Meeting with people, fighting with a leopard, thunder and lightning, contemplation of the beauty of nature - this is life for him - demonic freedom. He dies, but, in his opinion, he wins.

3. A.N. Ostrovsky "Thunderstorm"

Katerina enters into combat with the "dark kingdom" and dies, as she cannot withstand the onslaught of hypocrisy and falsehood. Her protest becomes the first signal for confrontation with this kingdom. Her death is a victory over general indifference and obscurantism.

4. I.A. Bunin "Clean Monday"

The main character of the story is a girl living an idle life filled with bright events. She is little understood by her young man, because he does not know how to listen. And the girl is looking for a way out of such a life. And her sudden departure to the monastery very clearly demonstrates the great inner work of the soul. By this act, she proves the victory of a pure, sublime, divine principle over the mundane, base, carnal. With her departure to the monastery, she saves her soul and conquers all base things.

5. E.I. Zamyatin "We"

The protagonist of the novel, having experienced love for the first time in his life, becomes a conspirator. But his primitive swarm consciousness is incapable of making the right choice, he calmly puts himself at the mercy of the guardians in order to avoid having to choose. Watching the torture of his recently beloved, he dryly, logically reflects on the irrational behavior of the girl. The United State here and now is victorious over D-503 and I-330, over the entire Mephi, but this victory is akin to defeat.

Five arguments for preparing for the final essay on the block of topics: "Experience and mistakes"

1. I.A. Goncharov "Oblomov"

The protagonist of the novel Ilya Oblomov, starting his career, commits a misstep in the service and sends an important dispatch instead of Astrakhan to Arkhangelsk. Then he suddenly falls ill, in the medical certificate issued by the doctor, it is testified: "Thickening of the heart with an expansion of the left ventricle thereof", caused by daily "going to office". This mistake led to the subsequent eternal lying on the couch, from which even all the attempts of Stolz do not save. So a mistake in the service became fatal for Oblomov.

2. M.A. Sholokhov "Quiet Flows the Don"

Grigory Melekhov, being a young, strong Cossack, chooses the most beautiful young Cossack girl Aksinya for lovemaking. It's a common thing for a Cossack village. But the problem lies in the amazing origin of the entire Melekhov family, in its genesis. And Aksinya, who had never known love, for the first time understood the charm of this feeling. In the village, the Cossacks were embarrassed to look into Aksinya's shameless eyes. But his father's order to marry Natalya becomes fatal for Gregory. All his life he will rush between two women, in the end he will destroy both.

3. E.I. Zamyatin "We"

The protagonist of the novel, D-503, is a cog in the mechanism of the United State. He lives in a world where there is no love (it is replaced by "pink coupons"). The meeting with I-330 strikes the hero's imagination. He falls in love. By law, he must report to the guardians about the crime into which his girlfriend is dragging him. But he hesitates and loses time. The mistake becomes fatal for I-330.

4. V.F. Tendryakov "Bread for the dog"

Volodya Tenkov finds himself at the most terrible time in the years of the great turning point in the very center of the battle. On the one hand, these are well-fed representatives of the nomenklatura of the party leadership, where there are pies, borscht and delicious kvass. On the other hand, people thrown to the sidelines of life. Former "fists" today are "shockets" and "elephants", causing pity for the boy. Trying to help them becomes a mistake. Rescues a child sick with mercy, an old sick dog.

5. V. Bykov "Sotnikov"

The protagonist of the story - Sotnikov - experienced a shock in his life. He, disobeying his father's prohibition, took his nominal pistol, which suddenly fired. It was hard for the boy to confess this to his father, but he did it not of his own free will, but at the request of his mother. When the boy told his father about his crime, he forgave him, but asked if he himself decided to do it? The child was not ready to answer this question and cowardly said: “Yes.” The poison of lies forever burned Sotnikov's soul, reminding him of a childhood mistake. This offense became decisive in the life of Sotnikov.

Direction "Mind and feelings"

An example of an essay on the topic: “Should reason prevail over feelings”?

Should reason take precedence over feelings? In my opinion, there is no single answer to this question. In some situations, you should listen to the voice of reason, and in other situations, on the contrary, you need to act in accordance with feelings. Let's look at a few examples.

So, if a person is possessed by negative feelings, one should curb them, listen to the arguments of reason. For example, A. Mass "Difficult Exam" refers to a girl named Anya Gorchakova, who managed to withstand a difficult test. The heroine dreamed of becoming an actress, she wanted her parents to come to the performance at the children's camp and appreciate her game. She tried very hard, but she was disappointed: on the appointed day, her parents never arrived. Overwhelmed by a sense of desperation, she decided not to go on stage. The reasonable arguments of the teacher helped her cope with her feelings. Anya realized that she should not let her comrades down, she needed to learn to control herself and complete her task, no matter what. And so it happened, she played the best. The writer wants to teach us a lesson: no matter how strong negative feelings are, we must be able to cope with them, listen to the mind, which tells us the right decision.

However, the mind does not always give the right advice. Sometimes it happens that actions dictated by rational arguments lead to negative consequences. Let us turn to A. Likhanov's story "Labyrinth". The father of the protagonist Tolik was passionate about his work. He enjoyed designing machine parts. When he talked about it, his eyes sparkled. But at the same time, he earned little, but he could have moved to the shop and received a higher salary, as his mother-in-law constantly reminded him of. It would seem that this is a more reasonable decision, because the hero has a family, has a son, and he should not depend on the pension of an elderly woman - mother-in-law. In the end, yielding to the pressure of the family, the hero sacrificed his feelings for reason: he abandoned his favorite business in favor of earning money. What did it lead to? Tolik's father felt deeply unhappy: “The eyes are sick and as if calling. They call for help, as if a person is scared, as if he was mortally wounded. If earlier he was possessed by a bright feeling of joy, now it is a deaf longing. This was not the kind of life he dreamed of. The writer shows that decisions that are not always reasonable at first glance are correct, sometimes, listening to the voice of reason, we doom ourselves to moral suffering.

Thus, we can conclude: when deciding whether to act in accordance with reason or feelings, a person must take into account the characteristics of a particular situation.

(375 words)

An example of an essay on the topic: "Should a person live in obedience to feelings?"

Should a person live in obedience to feelings? In my opinion, there is no single answer to this question. In some situations, one should listen to the voice of the heart, and in other situations, on the contrary, one should not succumb to feelings, one should listen to the arguments of reason. Let's look at a few examples.

So, in the story of V. Rasputin "French Lessons" it is said about the teacher Lidia Mikhailovna, who could not remain indifferent to the plight of her student. The boy was starving and, in order to get money for a glass of milk, he gambled. Lidia Mikhailovna tried to invite him to the table and even sent him a parcel with food, but the hero rejected her help. Then she decided to take extreme measures: she herself began to play with him for money. Of course, the voice of reason could not help but tell her that she was violating the ethical standards of the relationship between teacher and student, transgressing the boundaries of what was permitted, that she would be fired for this. But the feeling of compassion prevailed, and Lidia Mikhailovna violated the generally accepted rules of the teacher's behavior in order to help the child. The writer wants to convey to us the idea that “good feelings” are more important than reasonable norms.

However, sometimes it happens that a person is possessed by negative feelings: anger, resentment. Overwhelmed by them, he commits bad deeds, although, of course, he is consciously aware that he is doing evil. The consequences can be tragic. A. Mass's story "The Trap" describes the act of a girl named Valentina. The heroine has a dislike towards his brother's wife Rita. This feeling is so strong that Valentina decides to set a trap for her daughter-in-law: dig a hole and disguise it so that Rita, having stepped on it, will fall. The girl cannot but understand that she is doing a bad deed, but her feelings take precedence over reason in her. She carries out her plan, and Rita falls into a prepared trap. Only suddenly it turns out that she was in her fifth month of pregnancy and as a result of a fall she could lose a child. Valentina is horrified by what she has done. She did not want to kill anyone, especially a child! "How can I live on?" she asks and finds no answer. The author leads us to the idea that one should not succumb to the power of negative feelings, because they provoke cruel acts, which later will have to be bitterly regretted.

Thus, we can come to the conclusion: you can obey feelings if they are kind, bright; the negative ones should be curbed, listening to the voice of reason.

(344 words)

An example of an essay on the topic: "The dispute between reason and feeling ..."

The dispute between reason and feeling... This confrontation is eternal. Sometimes the voice of reason turns out to be stronger in us, and sometimes we follow the dictates of feeling. In some situations, there is no right choice. Listening to feelings, a person will sin against moral standards; listening to reason, he will suffer. There may not be a path that would lead to a successful resolution of the situation.

So, in the novel by A.S. Pushkin "Eugene Onegin" the author tells about the fate of Tatyana. In her youth, having fallen in love with Onegin, she, unfortunately, does not find reciprocity. Tatyana carries her love through the years, and finally Onegin is at her feet, he is passionately in love with her. It would seem that she dreamed about it. But Tatyana is married, she is aware of her duty as a wife, she cannot tarnish her honor and the honor of her husband. Reason prevails over her feelings in her, and she refuses Onegin. Above love, the heroine puts moral duty, marital fidelity, but condemns both herself and her lover to suffering. Could the heroes find happiness if she made a different decision? Hardly. A Russian proverb says: “You can’t build your other happiness on misfortune.” The tragedy of the heroine's fate is that the choice between reason and feeling in her situation is a choice without a choice, any decision will only lead to suffering.

Let us turn to the work of N.V. Gogol "Taras Bulba". The writer shows what choice one of the heroes, Andriy, faced. On the one hand, he has a feeling of love for a beautiful Polish woman, on the other hand, he is a Cossack, one of those who besieged the city. The beloved understands that he and Andriy cannot be together: “And I know what your duty and covenant is: your name is father, comrades, fatherland, and we are your enemies.” But Andriy's feelings take precedence over all the arguments of reason. He chooses love, in the name of it he is ready to betray his homeland and family: “What is my father, comrades and homeland to me! .. Fatherland is what our soul is looking for, which is dearest to her. My homeland is you! .. And everything that is, I will sell, give, ruin for such a homeland! The writer shows that a wonderful feeling of love can push a person to terrible deeds: we see that Andriy turns weapons against his former comrades, together with the Poles he fights against the Cossacks, including his brother and father. On the other hand, could he leave his beloved to die of hunger in a besieged city, perhaps become a victim of the cruelty of the Cossacks in the event of its capture? We see that in this situation the right choice is hardly possible, any path leads to tragic consequences.

Summing up what has been said, we can conclude that, reflecting on the dispute between reason and feeling, it is impossible to say unequivocally which should win.

(399 words)

An example of an essay on the topic: "A great person can also be thanks to his feelings - not only to his mind." (Theodore Dreiser)

"A great person can also be thanks to his feelings - not only to the mind," - Theodore Dreiser argued. Indeed, not only a scientist or commander can be called great. The greatness of a person can be concluded in bright thoughts, the desire to do good. Such feelings as mercy, compassion, can move us to noble deeds. Listening to the voice of feelings, a person helps people around him, makes the world a better place and becomes cleaner himself. I will try to support my idea with literary examples.

In B. Ekimov's story "The Night of Healing", the author tells about the boy Borka, who comes to his grandmother for the holidays. The old woman often sees wartime nightmares in her dreams, and this makes her scream at night. The mother gives the hero reasonable advice: “She will only start talking in the evening, and you shout:“ Be silent! She stops. We tried". Borka is going to do just that, but the unexpected happens: “the boy’s heart was flooded with pity and pain,” as soon as he heard the groans of his grandmother. He can no longer follow reasonable advice, he is dominated by a feeling of compassion. Borka soothes the grandmother until she falls asleep peacefully. He is willing to do this every night so that healing can come to her. The author wants to convey to us the idea of ​​the need to listen to the voice of the heart, to act in accordance with good feelings.

A. Aleksin tells about the same in the story “In the meantime, somewhere ...” The main character Sergei Emelyanov, having accidentally read a letter addressed to his father, learns about the existence of his ex-wife. The woman asks for help. It would seem that Sergei has nothing to do in her house, and his mind tells him to simply return her letter to her and leave. But sympathy for the grief of this woman, once abandoned by her husband, and now by her adopted son, makes him neglect the arguments of reason. Serezha decides to constantly visit Nina Georgievna, help her in everything, save her from the most terrible misfortune - loneliness. And when his father invites him to go on vacation to the sea, the hero refuses. Yes, of course, a trip to the sea promises to be exciting. Yes, you can write to Nina Georgievna and convince her that she should go to the camp with the guys, where she will be fine. Yes, you can promise to come to her during the winter holidays. But a sense of compassion and responsibility takes precedence in him over these considerations. After all, he promised Nina Georgievna to be with her and cannot become her new loss. Sergei is going to hand over a ticket to the sea. The author shows that sometimes actions dictated by a sense of mercy can help a person.

Thus, we come to the conclusion: a big heart, just like a big mind, can lead a person to true greatness. Good deeds and pure thoughts testify to the greatness of the soul.

(390 words)

An example of an essay on the topic: “Our mind sometimes brings us no less grief than our passions.” (Chamfort)

“Our mind sometimes brings us no less grief than our passions,” Chamfort argued. And indeed, there is grief from the mind. Making a reasonable decision at first glance, a person can make a mistake. This happens when the mind and heart are not in harmony, when all his feelings protest against the chosen path, when, having acted in accordance with the arguments of the mind, he feels unhappy.

Let's turn to literary examples. A. Aleksin in the story "In the meantime, somewhere ..." talks about a boy named Sergey Emelyanov. The protagonist accidentally learns about the existence of his father's ex-wife and about her misfortune. Once her husband left her, and this was a heavy blow for the woman. But now a much more terrible test awaits her. The adopted son decided to leave her. He found his biological parents and chose them. Shurik does not even want to say goodbye to Nina Georgievna, although she raised him from childhood. When he leaves, he takes all his things. He is guided by seemingly reasonable considerations: he does not want to upset his adoptive mother with goodbye, he believes that his things will only remind her of her grief. He realizes that it is difficult for her, but considers it reasonable to live with her newly found parents. Aleksin emphasizes that with his actions, so deliberate and balanced, Shurik inflicts a cruel blow on the woman who loves him selflessly, causing her inexpressible pain. The writer leads us to the idea that sometimes reasonable actions can cause grief.

A completely different situation is described in A. Likhanov's story "Labyrinth". The father of the protagonist Tolik is passionate about his work. He enjoys designing machine parts. When he talks about it, his eyes sparkle. But at the same time, he earns little, but he can move to the shop and receive a higher salary, as his mother-in-law constantly reminds him of. It would seem that this is a more reasonable decision, because the hero has a family, has a son, and he should not depend on the pension of an elderly woman - mother-in-law. In the end, yielding to the pressure of the family, the hero sacrifices his feelings for reason: he refuses his favorite job in favor of earning money. What does this lead to? Tolik's father feels deeply unhappy: “The eyes are sick and as if calling. They call for help, as if a person is scared, as if he was mortally wounded. If earlier he was possessed by a bright feeling of joy, now it is a deaf longing. This is not the kind of life he dreams of. The writer shows that decisions that are not always reasonable at first glance are correct, sometimes, listening to the voice of reason, we doom ourselves to moral suffering.

Summing up what has been said, I would like to express the hope that a person, following the advice of reason, will not forget about the voice of feelings.

(398 words)

An example of an essay on the topic: “What rules the world - reason or feeling?”

What rules the world - reason or feeling? At first glance, it seems that the mind dominates. He invents, plans, controls. However, man is not only a rational being, but also endowed with feelings. He hates and loves, rejoices and suffers. And it is the feelings that allow him to feel happy or unhappy. Moreover, it is the feelings that make him create, invent, change the world. If there were no feelings, the mind would not create its outstanding creations.

Let us recall the novel by J. London "Martin Eden". The main character studied a lot, became a famous writer. But what prompted him to work on himself day and night, to tirelessly create? The answer is simple: it is the feeling of love. Martin's heart was won by a girl from high society, Ruth Morse. In order to win her favor, to win her heart, Martin tirelessly improves himself, overcomes obstacles, endures need and hunger on the way to writing. It is love that inspires him, helps him find himself and reach the heights. Without this feeling, he would have remained a simple semi-literate sailor, would not have written his outstanding works.

Let's turn to another example. The novel by V. Kaverin "Two Captains" describes how the main character Sanya devoted himself to searching for the missing expedition of Captain Tatarinov. He managed to prove that it was Ivan Lvovich who had the honor of discovering the Northern Land. What prompted Sanya to go to his goal for many years? Cold mind? Not at all. He was driven by a sense of justice, because for many years it was believed that the captain died through his own fault: he "carelessly handled state property." In fact, the true culprit was Nikolai Antonovich, because of which most of the equipment turned out to be unusable. He was in love with the wife of Captain Tatarinov and deliberately doomed him to death. Sanya accidentally found out about this and most of all wanted justice to prevail. It was the sense of justice and love of truth that prompted the hero to relentless search and ultimately led to a historical discovery.

Summing up all that has been said, we can conclude: the world is ruled by feelings. To paraphrase the famous phrase of Turgenev, we can say that only they keep and move life. Feelings induce our mind to create something new, to make discoveries.

(309 words)

An example of an essay on the topic: “Mind and feelings: harmony or confrontation?” (Chamfort)

Reason and feelings: harmony or confrontation? It seems that there is no single answer to this question. Of course, it happens that the mind and feelings coexist in harmony. Moreover, as long as there is this harmony, we do not ask ourselves such questions. It's like air: while it's there, we don't notice it, but if it's not enough... However, there are situations when mind and feelings come into conflict. Probably, every person at least once in his life felt that his "mind and heart are out of tune." An internal struggle arises, and it is difficult to imagine what will prevail: reason or heart.

So, for example, in A. Aleksin's story "In the meantime, somewhere ..." we see the confrontation between reason and feelings. The main character Sergei Emelyanov, having accidentally read a letter addressed to his father, learns about the existence of his ex-wife. The woman asks for help. It would seem that Sergei has nothing to do in her house, and his mind tells him to simply return her letter to her and leave. But sympathy for the grief of this woman, once abandoned by her husband, and now by her adopted son, makes him neglect the arguments of reason. Serezha decides to constantly visit Nina Georgievna, help her in everything, save her from the most terrible misfortune - loneliness. And when his father offers him to go on vacation to the sea, the hero refuses. Yes, of course, a trip to the sea promises to be exciting. Yes, you can write to Nina Georgievna and convince her that she should go to the camp with the guys, where she will be fine. Yes, you can promise to come to her during the winter holidays. All this is quite reasonable. But a sense of compassion and responsibility takes precedence in him over these considerations. After all, he promised Nina Georgievna to be with her and cannot become her new loss. Sergei is going to hand over a ticket to the sea. The author shows that the feeling of compassion wins.

Let us turn to the novel by A.S. Pushkin "Eugene Onegin". The author tells about the fate of Tatyana. In her youth, having fallen in love with Onegin, she, unfortunately, does not find reciprocity. Tatyana carries her love through the years, and finally Onegin is at her feet, he is passionately in love with her. It would seem that she dreamed about it. But Tatyana is married, she is aware of her duty as a wife, she cannot tarnish her honor and the honor of her husband. Reason prevails over her feelings in her, and she refuses Onegin. Above love, the heroine puts moral duty, marital fidelity.

Summing up what has been said, I would like to add that reason and feelings underlie our being. I would like them to balance each other, allow us to live in harmony with ourselves and with the world around us.

(388 words)

Direction "Honor and dishonor"

An example of an essay on the topic: "How do you understand the words" honor "and" dishonor "?

Honor and dishonor ... Probably, many thought about what these words mean. Honor is self-esteem, moral principles that a person is ready to defend in any situation, even at the cost of his own life. At the heart of dishonor is cowardice, weakness of character, which does not allow one to fight for ideals, forcing one to commit vile deeds. Both of these concepts are revealed, as a rule, in a situation of moral choice.

Many writers have addressed the theme of honor and dishonor. So, in the story of V. Bykov "Sotnikov" it is said about two partisans who were taken prisoner. One of them, Sotnikov, courageously endures torture, but does not tell his enemies anything. Knowing that he will be executed in the morning, he prepares to face death with dignity. The writer focuses our attention on the thoughts of the hero: “Sotnikov easily and simply, as something elementary and completely logical in his position, now made the last decision: to take everything upon himself. Tomorrow he will tell the investigator that he went to reconnaissance, had a mission, wounded a policeman in a shootout, that he is a commander of the Red Army and an opponent of fascism, let them shoot him. The rest are not here." It is indicative that before death a partisan thinks not about himself, but about the salvation of others. And although his attempt did not lead to success, he fulfilled his duty to the end. The hero courageously meets death, not for a minute does the thought come to him to beg the enemy for mercy, to become a traitor. The author wants to convey to us the idea that honor and dignity are above the fear of death.

Comrade Sotnikova, Rybak, behaves quite differently. The fear of death took over all his feelings. Sitting in the basement, he only thinks about saving his own life. When the police offered him to become one of them, he was not offended, not indignant, on the contrary, he “felt acutely and joyfully - he would live! There was an opportunity to live - this is the main thing. Everything else - later. Of course, he does not want to become a traitor: “He had no intention of giving them partisan secrets, much less joining the police, although he understood that it would not be easy to evade her.” He hopes that "he will get out and then he will certainly pay off these bastards ...". An inner voice tells Rybak that he has embarked on the path of dishonor. And then Rybak tries to find a compromise with his conscience: “He went to this game to win his life - is this not enough for the most, even desperate, game? And there it will be visible, if only they would not be killed, tortured during interrogations. If only to break out of this cage, and he will not allow himself anything bad. Is he his enemy? Faced with a choice, he is not ready to sacrifice his life for the sake of honor.

The writer shows the successive stages of Rybak's moral decline. Here he agrees to go over to the side of the enemy and at the same time continues to convince himself that "there is no great fault for him." In his opinion, “he had more opportunities and cheated in order to survive. But he is not a traitor. In any case, he was not going to become a German servant. He kept waiting to seize a convenient moment - maybe now, or maybe a little later, and only they will see him ... "

And now Rybak takes part in the execution of Sotnikov. Bykov emphasizes that even Rybak is trying to find an excuse for this terrible act: “What does he have to do with it? Is it him? He just pulled out this stump. And then by order of the police. And only walking in the ranks of policemen, Rybak finally understands: "There was no longer any way to escape from this ranks." V. Bykov emphasizes that the path of dishonor chosen by Rybak is a path to nowhere.

Summing up what has been said, I would like to express the hope that we, faced with a difficult choice, will not forget about the highest values: honor, duty, courage.

(610 words)

An example of an essay on the topic: "In what situations are the concepts of honor and dishonor revealed?"

In what situations are the concepts of honor and dishonor revealed? Reflecting on this issue, one cannot but come to the conclusion that both of these concepts are revealed, as a rule, in a situation of moral choice.

Thus, in wartime, a soldier may face death. He can accept death with dignity, remaining faithful to duty and not tarnishing military honor. At the same time, he may try to save his life by embarking on the path of betrayal.

Let us turn to the story of V. Bykov "Sotnikov". We see two partisans captured by the police. One of them, Sotnikov, behaves courageously, endures severe torture, but does not tell the enemy anything. He retains self-respect and, before execution, accepts death with honor. His comrade, Rybak, is trying to escape at all costs. He despised the honor and duty of the defender of the Fatherland and went over to the side of the enemy, became a policeman and even participated in the execution of Sotnikov, personally knocking out a stand from under his feet. We see that it is in the face of mortal danger that the true qualities of people are manifested. Honor here is loyalty to duty, and dishonor is a synonym for cowardice and betrayal.

The concepts of honor and dishonor are revealed not only during the war. The need to pass a test of moral strength may arise before everyone, even a child. To preserve honor means to try to protect one's dignity and pride, to know dishonor means to endure humiliation and bullying, being afraid to fight back.

V. Aksyonov tells about this in the story “Breakfasts of the forty-third year”. The narrator was regularly the victim of stronger classmates who regularly took away from him not only breakfasts, but also any other things they liked: “He took her from me. He took everything - everything that was of interest to Him. And not only for me, but for the whole class.” The hero was not just sorry for the lost, the constant humiliation, the awareness of his own weakness, was unbearable. He decided to stand up for himself, to resist. And although physically he could not defeat the three overage hooligans, but the moral victory was on his side. An attempt to defend not only his breakfast, but also his honor, to overcome his fear became an important milestone in his growing up, the formation of his personality. The writer brings us to the conclusion: one must be able to defend one's honor.

Summing up what has been said, I would like to express the hope that in any situation we will remember honor and dignity, we will be able to overcome spiritual weakness, we will not allow ourselves to fall morally.

(363 words)

An example of an essay on the topic: "What does it mean to walk the path of honor?"

What does it mean to walk the path of honor? Let us turn to the explanatory dictionary: "Honor is the moral qualities of a person worthy of respect and pride." Walking the path of honor means standing up for your moral principles no matter what. The right path can be fraught with the risk of losing something important: work, health, life itself. Following the path of honor, we must overcome fear of other people and difficult circumstances, sometimes sacrifice a lot in order to defend our honor.

Let us turn to the story of M.A. Sholokhov "The Fate of Man". The main character, Andrei Sokolov, was captured. For carelessly spoken words, they were going to shoot him. He could beg for mercy, humiliate himself before his enemies. Perhaps a weak-minded person would have done just that. But the hero is ready to defend the honor of a soldier in the face of death. On the offer of the commandant Muller to drink for the victory of German weapons, he refuses and agrees to drink only for his own death as a deliverance from torment. Sokolov behaves confidently and calmly, refusing snacks, despite the fact that he was hungry. He explains his behavior in this way: “I wanted to show them, damned, that although I’m dying of hunger, I’m not going to choke on their handouts, that I have my own, Russian dignity and pride and that they didn’t turn me into a beast, like didn't try." Sokolov's act aroused respect for him even from the enemy. The German commandant recognized the moral victory of the Soviet soldier and saved his life. The author wants to convey to the reader the idea that even in the face of death, honor and dignity must be preserved.

It is not only a soldier who must follow the path of honor in time of war. Each of us must be ready to defend our dignity in difficult situations. In almost every class there is a tyrant - a student who keeps everyone else in fear. Physically strong and cruel, he delights in torturing the weak. What to do to someone who is constantly faced with humiliation? To endure dishonor or stand up for your own dignity? The answer to these questions is given by A. Likhanov in the story "Clean Pebbles". The writer talks about Mihaska, an elementary school student. He more than once became a victim of Savvatey and his cronies. The hooligan was on duty every morning at the elementary school and robbed the children, taking away everything that he liked. Moreover, he did not miss the opportunity to humiliate his victim: “Sometimes he snatched a textbook or notebook from a bag instead of a bun and threw it into a snowdrift or took it for himself, so that, after moving a few steps later, throw it under his feet and wipe his felt boots about them.” Savvatei specifically “was on duty at this particular school, because in elementary school they study until the fourth grade and the guys are all small.” Mikhaska experienced more than once what humiliation means: once Savvatei took away from him an album with stamps, which belonged to Mikhaska's father and therefore was especially dear to him, another time a hooligan set fire to his new jacket. True to his principle of humiliating the victim, Savvatei ran a “dirty, sweaty paw” over his face. The author shows that Mikhaska could not stand the bullying and decided to fight back against a strong and ruthless opponent, before whom the whole school, even adults, trembled. The hero grabbed a stone and was ready to hit Savvatea, but suddenly he retreated. He retreated because he felt Mihaska's inner strength, his readiness to defend his human dignity to the end. The writer focuses our attention on the fact that it was the determination to defend one's honor that helped Mikhaska win a moral victory.

Walking the path of honor means standing up for others. So, Pyotr Grinev in the novel by A.S. Pushkin "The Captain's Daughter" fought a duel with Shvabrin, defending the honor of Masha Mironova. Shvabrin, being rejected, in a conversation with Grinev allowed himself to offend the girl with vile allusions. Grinev could not bear it. As a decent man, he went to the duel and was ready to die, but to defend the honor of the girl.

Summing up what has been said, I would like to express the hope that every person will have the courage to choose the path of honor.

(582 words)

An example of an essay on the topic: "Honor is more precious than life"

In life, situations often arise when we are faced with a choice: to act in accordance with moral rules or to make a deal with conscience, to sacrifice moral principles. It would seem that everyone would have to choose the right path, the path of honor. But it's often not that easy. Especially if the price of the right decision is life. Are we ready to go to death in the name of honor and duty?

Let us turn to the novel by A.S. Pushkin "The Captain's Daughter". The author tells about the capture of the Belogorsk fortress by Pugachev. The officers had to either swear allegiance to Pugachev, recognizing him as sovereign, or end their lives on the gallows. The author shows what choice his heroes made: Pyotr Grinev, just like the commandant of the fortress and Ivan Ignatievich, showed courage, was ready to die, but not disgrace the honor of the uniform. He found the courage to tell Pugachev to his face that he could not recognize him as sovereign, refused to change the military oath: “No,” I answered with firmness. - I am a natural nobleman; I swore allegiance to the empress: I can’t serve you.” With all bluntness, Grinev told Pugachev that he might fight against him, fulfilling his officer's duty: “You know, it’s not my will: they tell me to go against you - I’ll go, there’s nothing to do. You are now the boss yourself; you yourself demand obedience from your own. What will it be like if I refuse service when my service is needed? The hero understands that his honesty can cost him his life, but the feeling of long and honor prevails in him over fear. The sincerity and courage of the hero so impressed Pugachev that he saved Grinev's life and let him go.

Sometimes a person is ready to defend, not sparing even his own life, not only his honor, but also the honor of loved ones, family. It is impossible to meekly endure an insult, even if it is inflicted by a person who is higher on the social ladder. Dignity and honor above all.

M.Yu. tells about it. Lermontov in "Song about Tsar Ivan Vasilyevich, a young guardsman and a daring merchant Kalashnikov". The guardsman of Tsar Ivan the Terrible liked Alena Dmitrievna, the wife of the merchant Kalashnikov. Knowing that she was a married woman, Kiribeevich still allowed himself to solicit her love. The offended woman asks her husband for intercession: “Don’t let me, your faithful wife, / Evil swindlers in reproach!” The author emphasizes that the merchant does not doubt for a second what decision he should make. Of course, he understands what the confrontation with the royal favorite threatens him with, but the honest name of the family is more precious than even life itself: And such an insult cannot be tolerated by the soul
Yes, a brave heart cannot bear it.
How tomorrow will be a fistfight
On the Moscow River in the presence of the Tsar himself,
And then I will go out to the guardsman,
I will fight to the death, to the last strength ...
And indeed, Kalashnikov goes out to fight against Kiribeevich. For him, this is not a fight for fun, this is a fight for honor and dignity, a battle not for life, but for death:
Not to joke, not to make people laugh
I came out to you, son of a fool, -
I went out to a terrible battle, to the last battle!
He knows that the truth is on his side, and he is ready to die for it:
I will stand up for the truth to the last!
Lermontov shows that the merchant defeated Kiribeevich, having washed away the insult with blood. However, fate prepares a new test for him: Ivan the Terrible orders Kalashnikov to be executed for killing his pet. The merchant could justify himself, tell the king why he killed the guardsman, but did not do this. After all, this would mean publicly dishonoring the honest name of his wife. He is ready to go to the block, defending the honor of the family, to accept death with dignity. The writer wants to convey to us the idea that there is nothing more important for a person than his dignity, and you need to protect him, no matter what.

Summing up what has been said, we can conclude: honor is above everything, even life itself.

(545 words)

An example of an essay on the topic: "To deprive another of the honor means to lose one's own"

What is dishonor? On the one hand, this is a lack of dignity, weakness of character, cowardice, inability to overcome fear of circumstances or people. On the other hand, dishonor is also brought on by a seemingly strong person if he allows himself to defame others, or even simply mock the weaker ones, humiliate the defenseless.

So, in the novel by A.S. Pushkin "The Captain's Daughter" Shvabrin, having received a refusal from Masha Mironova, slanders her in revenge, allows himself insulting allusions to her. So, in a conversation with Pyotr Grinev, he claims that it is not necessary to seek Masha's favor with verses, hints at her accessibility: “... if you want Masha Mironova to come to you at dusk, then instead of gentle rhymes, give her a pair of earrings. My blood boiled.
- And why do you think so about her? I asked, holding back my indignation with difficulty.
“Because,” he answered with an infernal grin, “I know from experience her temper and custom.”
Shvabrin, without hesitation, is ready to tarnish the honor of the girl just because she did not reciprocate. The writer leads us to the idea that a person who acts vilely cannot be proud of an unsullied honor.

Another example is A. Likhanov's story "Clean Pebbles". A character named Savvatey keeps the whole school in fear. He takes pleasure in humiliating those who are weaker. The hooligan regularly robs students, mocks them: “Sometimes he snatched a textbook or notebook out of his bag instead of a bun and threw it into a snowdrift or took it for himself, so that, after stepping back a few steps, he would throw it under his feet and wipe his felt boots on them.” His favorite technique was to run a "dirty, sweaty paw" across the victim's face. He constantly humiliates even his "sixes": "Savvatey looked angrily at the guy, took him by the nose and pulled him hard", he "stood next to Sasha, leaning on his head." Encroaching on the honor and dignity of other people, he himself becomes the personification of dishonor.

Summing up what has been said, we can conclude: a person who humiliates dignity or discredits the good name of other people deprives himself of honor, dooms him to contempt on the part of others.

(313 words)

There are many such books to name, but when literature shows the consequences of this victory, they are most often destructive, and in some cases ridiculous. The theme of reason in literature was largely inspired by the Age of Enlightenment, but not only did not linger, but caused a sharp reaction and a general disappointment in rationalism in particular and in reason as such. Let's give examples.

"Crime and punishment"- the mind suggests that it is rational to kill the old woman, and wins, and we see what came of it.

"Frankenstein"- the mind tells me that it is rational to try to sew an ideal person from pieces of corpses. It didn’t work out very well either. A hundred years later, Wells will raise the same topic in" Island of Doctor Moreau", and with about the same consequences.

"Catch 22"- almost all the absurdist nonsense of the entire book is created solely on the basis of the victory of formal logic over all human instincts.

At our Lev Nikolayevich Tolstoy in " War and peace"- the mind tells Prince Andrei to wait a year with the wedding, although he has a clear feeling that this is not necessary. Well, that's it.

"House with mezzanine"Chekhov can be interpreted as a contrast between the mind of the cruel Lida and the feelings of the narrator and Missus. Reason wins and destroys the relationship of the latter. In general, Chekhov, of course, mocks sensual natures a lot, but in the end he always justifies them, but he never justifies rational ones.

The victory of rationalism is partly parodied in " Faust"Goethe, when Faust hears the sound of spades, and thinks that they are building a dam that will bring great benefits to people - although in fact it is lemurs who are digging his grave.

Enormous volumes were devoted to the chanting of reason in 18th-century poetry, which massively rolled back to the chanting of feelings, and did not come back much.

Etc. Rare examples of a positive assessment of reason due to their now obvious naivety - almost all eventually spilled over into the section of children's literature, although they were initially taken seriously.

The main crown of the literature of rationalism was in its time " Robinson Crusoe". To appreciate the degree of absurdity of what is happening in the book, it really is worth re-reading as an adult: Robinson is actively trying to turn a desert island into an English country club, sends all animals to enclosures, does everything according to a calendar and schedule, and even teaches an island parrot English It is not surprising that the novel served as a torch of colonial enlightenment for a long time. What it all led to - we, again, can see. Only not in a book, but quite in life.

The plot looks just as naive now " coral island", in which a bunch of English schoolchildren thrown onto the island organize a typical English colony there. The notorious " Lord of the Flies where they end up roaming naked through the jungle and the chief rationalist Piggy is stoned to death.

And of course, one cannot help but recall Ayn Rand, whose mind justifies such things as rape (" Atlas Shrugged") and undermining a residential complex ready for occupancy (" The Fountainhead"). But, as Rand tries to convince us, he is right everywhere and around.

Such are the apologists.

This is why it all happens. Feelings are well mistaken, and the mind is mistaken very terribly. Feelings are hermetic and consistent, they just exist, and they are inevitable - and the mind is arrogant and dodgy, it tries to live according to the scheme, and it is physically impossible to live according to the schemes. Therefore, even when the heroes of the literature of the 19th century, in a fit of feelings, create some kind of monstrous garbage, no matter how tragic the consequences of these actions, we still internally feel that they are right. Well, what if they, in fact, shook themselves off, thought it over carefully, and decided not to throw themselves under the train? No, it's just like that. It turns out that this is not so that we act in this way, and not in order to listen to the voice of reason - for those who try, everything turns out to be even worse - but to educate in the reader another set of feelings, perhaps more empathic, capable of resolving the situation in some other way.

Direction "Mind and feelings"

Essay abstracts

Mind and feelings. These words will be the main motive one of the topics at the graduation essay in 2017.

Can be distinguished two directions on which to discuss this topic.

1. The struggle in a person of reason and feelings, requiring a mandatory choice: act, obeying the surging emotions, or still not lose your head, weigh your actions, be aware of their consequences both for yourself and for others.

2. Reason and feelings can be allies , harmonize in a person, making him strong, self-confident, able to emotionally respond to everything that happens around.

Reflections on the topic: "Mind and feelings"

o It is human nature to choose: to act wisely, considering every step, weighing your words, planning actions, or obey feelings. These feelings can be very different: from love to hate, from malice to kindness, from rejection to acceptance. Feelings are very strong in a person. They can easily take possession of his soul and consciousness.

o What choice to make in this or that situation: to submit to feelings, which are often selfish, or to listen to the voice of reason? How to avoid internal conflict between these two "elements"? Everyone must answer these questions for himself. And a person also makes a choice on his own, a choice on which not only the future, but life itself can sometimes depend.

o Yes, mind and feelings often oppose each other. Whether a person can bring them into harmony, make sure that the mind is supported by feelings and vice versa - it depends on the will of the person, on the degree of responsibility, on the moral guidelines that he follows.

o Nature has rewarded people with the greatest wealth - the mind, gave them the opportunity to experience feelings. Now they themselves must learn to live, being aware of all their actions, but at the same time remaining sensitive, able to feel joy, love, kindness, attention, not to succumb to anger, enmity, envy and other negative feelings.

o One more thing is important: a person who lives only by feelings, in fact, is not free. He subordinated himself to them, to these emotions and feelings, whatever they may be: love, envy, anger, greed, fear, and others. He is weak and even easily controlled by others, by those who want to take advantage of this human dependence on feelings for their own selfish and selfish purposes. Therefore, feelings and reason must exist in harmony, so that feelings help a person to see the whole gamut of shades in everything, and the mind - to respond correctly, adequately to this, not to drown in the abyss of feelings.

o Learning to live in harmony between your feelings and your mind is very important. A strong personality, living according to the laws of morality and morality, is capable of this. And there is no need to listen to the opinion of some people that the world of the mind is boring, monotonous, uninteresting, and the world of feelings is comprehensive, beautiful, bright. The harmony of mind and feelings will give a person immeasurably more in the knowledge of the world, in self-awareness, in the perception of life in general.

arguments for an essay on the topic: "Reason and feelings"

1. "The Tale of Igor's Campaign"

2. A.S. Pushkin "Eugene Onegin"

3. L.N. Tolstoy "War and Peace"

4. I.S. Turgenev "Asya"

5. A.N. Ostrovsky "Dowry"

6. A.I. Kuprin "Olesya"

7. A.P. Chekhov "Lady with a dog"

8. I.A. Bunin "Dark alleys"

9. V. Rasputin "Live and remember"

10. M.A. Bulgakov "The Master and Margarita"

Artworks	Arguments
"The Tale of Igor's Campaign"
The protagonist of "Words ..." is Prince Igor Novgorod-Seversky. This is a brave, brave warrior, a patriot of his country. Brothers and squad! Better to be killed by swords. Than from the hands of the filthy people! His cousin Svyatoslav, who ruled in Kyiv, in 1184 defeated the Polovtsy - the enemies of Russia, the nomads. Igor could not participate in the campaign. He decided to undertake a new campaign - in 1185. There was no need for it, the Polovtsy did not attack Russia after the victory of Svyatoslav. However, the desire for glory, selfishness led to the fact that Igor spoke out against the Polovtsy. Nature seemed to warn the hero about the failures that would haunt the prince - a solar eclipse occurred. But Igor was adamant. And he said, full of military thoughts, Ignoring the sign of heaven: "I want to break the spear In an unfamiliar Polovtsian field… Reason receded into the background. Feelings, moreover, of an egoistic nature, took possession of the prince. After the defeat and escape from captivity, Igor realized the mistake, realized it. That is why the author sings glory to the prince at the end of the work. This is an example of the fact that a person endowed with power must always weigh everything, it is the mind, and not feelings, even if they are positive, that should determine the behavior of a person on which the lives of many people depend.

A.S. Pushkin "Eugene Onegin"

The heroine Tatyana Larina has strong, deep feelings for Eugene Onegin. She fell in love with him as soon as she saw him in her estate. My whole life has been a guarantee of a faithful date with you; I know you were sent to me by God, Until the grave you are my keeper ... About Onegin: He no longer fell in love with beauties, but dragged himself along somehow; Refuse - instantly comforted; Will change - I was glad to have a rest. However, Eugene realized how beautiful Tatyana is, that she is worthy of love, and he fell in love with her much later. A lot has happened over the years, and most importantly, Tatyana was already married. And happiness was so possible, So close! .. But my fate is Already decided. (Words by Tatyana Onegin) The meeting after a long separation at the ball showed how strong Tatyana's feelings are. However, she is a highly moral woman. She respects her husband, understands that she must be faithful to him. I love you (why dissemble?), But I am given to another; I will be faithful to him forever.. In the struggle of feelings and reason, win the mind. The heroine did not tarnish her honor, did not inflict a spiritual wound on her husband, although she deeply loved Onegin. She refused love, realizing that, having tied the knot of her life with a man, she simply must be faithful to him.

L.N. Tolstoy "War and Peace"

How beautiful is the image of Natasha Rostova in the novel! As the heroine is spontaneous, open, how she longs for true love. (" Catch moments of happiness, force yourself to love, fall in love yourself! Only this one is the real thing in the world - the rest is all nonsense "- the words of the author) She sincerely fell in love with Andrei Bolkonsky, she is waiting for the year to pass, after which their wedding should take place. However, fate has prepared a serious test for Natasha - a meeting with the handsome Anatole Kuragin. He simply charmed her, feelings flooded over the heroine, and she forgot about everything. She is ready to flee into the unknown, just to be close to Anatole. How Natasha blamed Sonya, who told her family about the upcoming escape! Feelings were stronger than Natasha. The mind just went silent. Yes, the heroine will repent later, we feel sorry for her, we understand her desire to love .(I am tormented only by the evil that I did to him. Tell only him that I ask him to forgive, forgive, forgive me for everything ...) However, how cruelly Natasha punished herself: Andrei freed her from all obligations .(And of all people, I did not love or hate anyone else like her.) Reading these pages of the novel, you think about many things. It is easy to say what is good and what is bad. Sometimes feelings are so strong that a person simply does not notice how he is rolling into the abyss, succumbing to them. But still, it is very important to learn to subordinate feelings to reason, and not to subordinate, but simply to coordinate, to live in such a way that they are in harmony. Then many mistakes in life can be avoided.

I.S. Turgenev "Asya"

25-year-old N.N. travels carelessly, however, without a goal and a plan, meets new people, and almost never visits sights. This is how I. Turgenev's story "Asya" begins. The hero will have to endure a difficult test - a test of love. This feeling arose in him for the girl Asya. It combined cheerfulness and eccentricity, openness and isolation. But the main thing is that she is different from the rest. Perhaps this is due to her former life: she lost her parents early, the 13-year-old girl was left in the arms of her older brother, Gagin., Asya realized that she really fell in love with N.N., and therefore led himself unusually: either closing himself, trying to retire, or wanting to draw attention to himself. Mind and feeling seem to be fighting in it, the inability to drown out the love for N.N. Unfortunately, the hero turned out to be not as decisive as Asya, who confessed her love to him in a note. N.N. also had strong feelings for Asya: “I felt some kind of sweetness - it was sweetness in my heart: it was as if they poured me honey there.” But for too long he thought about the future with the heroine, postponing the decision for tomorrow. And there is no tomorrow for love. Asya and Gagin left, but the hero could not find a woman in his life with whom he would connect his fate. The memories of Asya were too strong, and only a note reminded of her. So the mind became the reason for the separation, and the feelings were not able to lead the hero to decisive actions. “Happiness has no tomorrow, it has no yesterday, it does not remember the past, does not think about the future. He only has the present. - And it's not a day. And a moment. »

A.N. Ostrovsky "Dowry"

The heroine of the play is Larisa Ogudalova. She is a dowry, that is, when she gets married, her mother is not able to prepare a dowry, which was customary for a bride. Larisa's family is of average income, so she does not have to hope for a good match. So she agreed to marry Karandyshev - the only one who offered her to marry. She does not feel any love for her future husband. But a young girl wants to love! And this feeling was already born in her heart - love for Paratov, who once charmed her, and then just left. Larisa will have to experience a strong internal struggle - between feeling and reason, duty to the person she marries. Paratov seemed to bewitch her, she admires him, gives in to a feeling of love, a desire to be with her beloved. She is naive, believes the words, thinks that Paratov loves her just as much. But what a bitter disappointment she had to experience. It is in the hands of Paratov - just a "thing". Reason still wins, insight comes. True, later. " A thing... yes, a thing! They are right, I am a thing, not a person ... Finally, a word has been found for me, you have found it ... Every thing must have an owner, I will go to the owner. And I no longer want to live, to live in a world of lies and deceit, to live without being truly loved (what a shame that she is chosen - heads or tails). Death for the heroine is a relief. How tragic her words sound: I was looking for love and didn't find it. They looked at me and look at me as if they were fun.

A.I. Kuprin "Olesya"

"Love knows no bounds." How often do we hear these words, and repeat them ourselves. However, in life, unfortunately, not everyone is able to overcome these boundaries. How beautiful is the love of the village girl Olesya, who lives in the bosom of nature, far from civilization, and the intellectual, city dweller Ivan Timofeevich! The strong, sincere feeling of the heroes is tested: the hero must decide to marry a village girl, and even a sorceress, as she is called around, to connect life with a person who lives according to other laws, as if in another world. And the hero could not make a choice in time. Reason had weighed on him too long. Even Olesya noticed insincerity in the character of the hero: “Your kindness is not good, not cordial. You are not master of your word. Love to take over people, but you yourself do not want to, but obey them. And in the end - loneliness, because the beloved is forced to leave these places, to run away with Manuilikha from superstitious peasants. Beloved did not become her support and salvation. The eternal struggle of reason and feelings in man. How often does it lead to tragedy. Save love without losing your head, understanding the responsibility for your loved one - this is not given to everyone. Ivan Timofeevich could not stand the test of love.

A.P. Chekhov "Lady with a dog"

Holiday romance - this is how the plot of A. Chekhov's story "The Lady with the Dog" can be called. Behind the outward simplicity of the plot lies a deep content. The author shows the tragedy of people who sincerely fell in love with each other. However, family ties tied him - Gurov Dmitry Dmitrievich, and her - Anna Sergeevna. The opinion of society, the condemnation of others, the fear of publicizing their feelings - all this made the life of loving people simply unbearable. Living in hiding, meeting secretly - it was simply unbearable. But they had the main thing - love. Both heroes are unhappy and happy at the same time. Love inspired them, tired without love. They gave themselves to affection and tenderness, forgetting about their marital status. The hero changed, began to look at the world differently, ceased to be her usual burner .(... how, in essence, if you think about it, everything is beautiful in this world, everything except what we ourselves think and think when we forget about the higher goals of being, about our human dignity). Anna Sergeevna does not feel like a fallen woman either - she loves, and this is the main thing. How long will their secret meetings continue. What their love will lead to - each reader can only guess about this. But the main thing that you understand when you read this work is that love is capable of everything that it transforms, changes people, fills their life with meaning. This feeling has great power over a person, and the mind sometimes falls silent before it - Love.

I.A. Bunin "Dark alleys"

Sometimes relationships between people are complicated. Especially when it comes to such a strong feeling as love. What to give preference to: the strength of feelings that have gripped a person, or listen to the voice of reason, which suggests that the chosen one is from another circle, that she is not a couple, which means that there can be no love. So the hero of I. Bunin's short story "Dark Alleys" Nikolai in his youth experienced a great feeling of love for Nadezhda, who was from a completely different environment, a simple peasant woman. The hero could not connect his life with his beloved: the laws of the society to which he belonged too dominated him. Yes, and how many more in life there will be, these Hopes! ( ... it always seems that somewhere there will be something especially happy, some kind of meeting ...) In the end - life with an unloved woman. Gray days. And only many years later, when he saw Nadezhda again, Nikolai realized that such love was given to him by fate, and he passed her by, past his happiness. And Nadezhda was able to carry through her whole life this great feeling - love. .(Youth passes for everyone, but love is another matter.) So sometimes fate, the whole life of a person, depends on the choice between reason and feeling.

V. Rasputin "Live and remember"

A person should always remember that he is responsible for his loved ones, his loved ones. But Andrei, the hero of V. Rasputin's story "Live and Remember", forgot about this. He became a deserter during the war years, in fact, fled from the front, because he really wanted to see the house, his relatives on vacation, which he received for a few days, but did not have time to get home. A brave soldier, he suddenly became rejected by society. The feeling won over the mind, the desire to be at home turned out to be so strong that he, a soldier, violated the military oath. And with this, the hero made the life of his loved ones miserable: his wife and parents have already become the family of an enemy of the people. Strong feelings for her husband and his wife - Nastya. Realizing that she is committing a crime, she helps Andrei, who is hiding from the authorities, does not betray him. (That's why she is a woman, to soften and smooth life together, that's why this amazing power was given to her, which is all the more amazing, tender and richer, the more often it is used.) As a result, both she and her unborn child die: Nastya threw herself into the river when she realized that she was being chased and she betrayed her beloved .(When everything is good, it's easy to be together: it's like a dream, you know, breathe, and that's all. You have to be together when it's bad - that's what people come together for, ”the words of Nastya) A tragedy, a real drama unfolded, because Andrei Guskov succumbed to the power of feelings. You always need to remember about the people living with us, and not to commit rash acts, because otherwise the worst thing can happen - the death of loved ones.

M.A. Bulgakov "The Master and Margarita"

Love. It's an amazing feeling. It makes a person happy, life takes on new shades. For the sake of love, real, all-encompassing, a person sacrifices everything. So the heroine of the novel by M. Bulgakov, Margarita, for the sake of love, left her outwardly prosperous life. Everything seemed to be fine with her: a husband holding a prestigious position, a large apartment, at a time when many people huddled in communal apartments. (Margarita Nikolaevna did not need money. Margarita Nikolaevna could buy anything she liked. Among her husband's acquaintances there were interesting people. Margarita Nikolaevna never touched the stove. Margarita Nikolaevna did not know the horrors of living in a joint apartment. In a word ... was she happy? Not one minute!) But there was no main thing - love .. there was only loneliness (And I was struck not so much by her beauty as by the extraordinary, unseen loneliness in her eyes! - the words of the Master). because her life is empty.) And when love came, Margarita went to her beloved .(She looked at me in surprise, and I suddenly, and quite unexpectedly, realized that I had loved this particular woman all my life! - the master will say) What played a major role here? Feelings? Of course yes. Intelligence? Probably he, too, because Margarita deliberately abandoned a prosperous outwardly life. And she no longer cares that she lives in a small apartment. The main thing is that he is nearby - her Master. She helps him finish the novel. She is even ready to become a queen at Woland's ball - all this for the sake of love. So both reason and feelings were in harmony in Margarita's soul. (Follow me, reader! Who told you that there is no true, true, eternal love in the world? May the liar be cut off his vile tongue!) Do we condemn the heroine? Here everyone will answer in their own way. But still, life with an unloved person is also wrong. So the heroine made a choice, choosing the path of love, the strongest feeling that a person can experience.

"Honor and dishonor".

This is how the second direction of the topics of the final essay on literature in 2017 is indicated.

At the heart of human morality are many concepts. Honor is one of them. In explanatory dictionaries you can find a variety of definitions of this word:

o Moral qualities worthy of respect and pride

o Honor is a combination of qualities such as justice, loyalty, truthfulness, dignity and nobility.

o This is a willingness to defend one's interests, the interests of loved ones, the people, the state.

o This is the ability to neglect one's own good for the sake of others, even the willingness to give one's life for the sake of justice.

o Staying true to the ideals of the principles