MAIN DATES OF LIFE AND CREATIVITY 1856, August 27 - Ivan Yakovlevich Franko was born in the village of Naguevichi, Drogobych district, in the family of a rural blacksmith.

NIKOLAI VASILYEVICH GOGOL
(dedicated to the 200th anniversary of his birth)

"... There is hardly any higher of pleasures than the pleasure of creating ..."

N. V. Gogol

Chronology of the works of N. V. Gogol:

1809 March 20 (April 1) - N.V. Gogol was born.
1829 - poem "Italy" (without a signature).
the poem "Hanz Kühelgarten", published under the pseudonym V. Alov.
1830 - the story "Bisavryuk, or Evening on the eve of Ivan Kupala" (came out in "Notes of the Fatherland" without a signature).
1831 - Part 1 of the story "Evenings on a farm near Dikanka"; "May Night, or the Drowned Woman", a story; "Sorochinsky Fair", a story; "Chapter from a historical novel"; "Teacher" from the Little Russian story "The Terrible Boar"; "Woman", the first work published under real name author.
1832 - Part 2 of the story "Evenings on a farm near Dikanka"; "Terrible revenge", a story.
1834 - "Nevsky Prospekt", a story; "Portrait", a story; "Notes of a Madman", a story; Marriage, comedy.
1835 - "Arabesques" (collection of articles); "Mirgorod" ("Old-world landowners", "Taras Bulba", "Viy", "The Tale of how Ivan Ivanovich quarreled with Ivan Nikiforovich"); written "Nose", a story; The Inspector General is written, a comedy; started "Dead Souls", a poem.
1836 - the publication of the first issue of Sovremennik, where The Carriage, Morning of a Businessman and the article On the Movement of Journal Literature in 1834 and 1835 were printed.
1841 - "Overcoat", a story.
1842 - "Dead Souls" came out; Edition of the works of N.V. Gogol, where "The Overcoat" and "Theatrical Journey" were first printed.
1843 - "The Works of Nikolai Gogol" in 4 volumes,
1846 - The Examiner's Denouement and the preface to the second edition of Dead Souls were written.
1847 - "Selected places from correspondence with friends", "Author's confession".
1852 , the night of February 11-12 (O.S.) - the burning of the second volume of "Dead Souls".
1852 , February 21 at 8 o'clock in the morning N. V. Gogol died.

2009 was declared by UNESCO as the year of N. V. Gogol

“Gogol must be recognized as the ancestor of a new, real trend in Russian literature: willy-nilly, all later writers adjoin him, no matter what shade their works represent.”

M. E. Saltykov-Shchedrin

“Gogol was our first folk, exclusively Russian poet; no one understood better than him all the shades of Russian life and the Russian character, no one depicted Russian society so amazingly correctly; the best contemporary figures of our literature can be called followers of Gogol ... "

D. I. Pisarev

“... None of our writers expressed their consciousness of their patriotic significance so vividly and clearly as in Gogol. He directly considered himself a man called to serve not art, but the Fatherland, he thought of himself: "I am not a poet, I am a citizen."

N. G. Chernyshevsky

“Gogol is an extraordinary person, having a high mind and a true view of art ... He studied human feelings and observed them, in a word, he is the most interesting person that can be introduced for acquaintance. To all this, he has a good heart.

A. A. Ivanov

“... His irony and his laughter are bitter everywhere, but not arrogant. Laughing, Gogol suffers. Exposing vice, he, first of all, exposes it in himself, which he admitted more than once, suffered and cried, dreaming of getting closer to the “ideal”. And it was given to him not only to approach the great artistic discoveries but it is also painful to comprehend the truth of being, the greatness and debauchery of human morality.

V. P. Astafiev

“My life, my highest pleasure died with him… When I created, I saw only Pushkin in front of me… I didn’t do anything, I didn’t write anything without his advice. Everything that I have good, I owe to him.

N. V. Gogol about A. S. Pushkin.

Marveling at the great mind
He is not driven, not slandered,
And his contemporaries
During his lifetime, a monument is being prepared ...

But fate has no mercy
To the one whose noble genius
Became an accuser of the crowd
Her passions and delusions.

N. A. Nekrasov on the death of N. V. Gogol

Gogol's aphorisms...

"You have to be honest with words."

“Reason is an incomparably higher ability, but it is acquired only by victory over passions.”

“The higher the truths, the more careful you need to be with them: otherwise they will suddenly turn into commonplaces, and they no longer believe in commonplaces.”

"Youth is happy that it has a future."

“Take it with you on the road, leaving the soft youthful years into stern, hardening courage - take with you all human movements, do not leave them on the road: you will not raise them later!

“Glory cannot satiate and give pleasure to those who stole it and did not deserve it, it produces a constant trembling only in those who deserve it.”

“A Russian person has an enemy, an irreconcilable, dangerous enemy, without which, he would be a giant. This enemy is laziness.

“Anger is inappropriate everywhere, but most of all in a right thing, because it obscures and muddies it.”

“No matter how stupid the words of a fool are, sometimes they are enough to confuse an intelligent person.”

“Poets do not come from somewhere across the sea, but come from their own people. These are the fires that emanate from him, the advanced heralds of his forces.

“Art strives unfailingly for the good, positively or negatively: whether it exposes us to the beauty of all the best that is in man, or whether it laughs at the ugliness of all the worst in man. If you expose all the rubbish that is in a person, and expose it in such a way that each of the spectators will receive complete disgust for it, I ask: is this not already praise for everything good? I ask: is this not a praise of goodness?

Screen version of the works of N. V. Gogol:

1. Biographies of writers: video encyclopedia for 2 cash desks. Cass. 2: Griboyedov, Lermontov, Gogol. - M .: (Centrnauchfilm; Video studio "KVART").
2. Evenings on a farm near Dikanka: based on the story by N. V. Gogol "The Night Before Christmas" - 1961. - (Gorky Film Studio / Gorky Films LLC, 1999 / Master TEIP LLC. - Auth. Stage and dir. A. Rowe.
3. Viy: based on the story of the same name by N.V. Gogol. - 1967. - (K / art. "Mosfilm" / "Close-up", 1999) - (Literary classics on the screen). - Scene. A. Ptushko, K. Ershova, G. Kropacheva. Fast. K. Ershov, G. Kropacheva.
4. Players: based on the comedy of the same name by N.V. Gogol. - 1978. - M.: (Gosteleradiofond USSR / Gosteleradiofond, 1995; OOO "Master TAPE", 2001). - (Theater on the screen).
5. Auditor: based on the comedy of the same name by N. V. Gogol. -1982. - (Gosteleradio of the USSR. / Gosteleradiofond, 1995. / Master TAIP LLC, 2000. - (Theater on the screen). - Directed by V. Pluchek.
6. Auditor: based on the comedy of the same name by N. V. Gogol. - 1952. - (K / st. "Mosfilm" / LLC "Prestige Studio-M", 2004). - (According to the pages of literary classics). — Scene. And post. V. Petrov.
7. Dead Souls: a satirical comedy based on the poem by N. V. Gogol. - 1960. - (K / art. "Mosfilm" / "Krupny plan", 2002). - (From the collection of films of the State Film Fund of Russia. Literary classics on the screen). - Scene. development and post. L. Trauberg.

MUK Myasnikovsky district
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The exposer of passions and delusions [Text]: information and bio-bibliographic almanac for the 200th anniversary of the birth of Nikolai Vasilievich Gogol / MUK MR "MTsB"; comp. A. A. Barashyan, comp. KV Khaspekyan's set. - Chaltyr: MUK MR "MCB", 2009. - 6 p. - (10 copies).

Gogol chronological table life and creativity of the writer is pointed out in this article.

Nikolai Gogol chronological table

Nikolay Vasilievich Gogol- prose writer, playwright, poet, critic, publicist, recognized as one of the classics of Russian literature

1814 , March 20 (April 1) - was born in the town of Velikie Sorochintsy, Mirgorodsky district, Poltava province. In a poor landowning family

1818 -1819 - at studies at the Poltava district school together with his brother, Ivan.

1821–1828 - studies at the Nizhyn Gymnasium of Higher Sciences.

1828 - moving to St. Petersburg, where he served as an official. Publishes under the pseudonym V.Alov romantic poem"Hans Küchelgarten".

1829 - Gogol leaves for Germany, from which he returns only in September.

1830 - Writes the first story "Bisavryuk, or Evening on the Eve of Ivan Kupala."

1830–1831 - rapprochement with V.A. Zhukovsky, which has an impact on his fate and literary activity.

1831–1832 - publication of the 1st and 2nd parts of "Evenings on a farm near Dikanka".

1831–1835 - Lecturer in history at the Patriotic Institute.

1834–1835 - post of adjunct at the department of history at St. Petersburg University.

1834 - Elected full member of the Society of Lovers of Russian Literature at Moscow University.

1835 - "Arabesques" and "Mirgorod" were printed. As part of the Mirgorod collection, the works “Old World Landowners”, “The Tale of How Ivan Ivanovich Quarreled with Ivan Nikiforovich”, “Viy”, “Taras Bulba” were published.

1835–1842 - work on the poem "Dead Souls".

1836 , January - work on the comedy "The Inspector General" is completed. After staging the comedy The Government Inspector, Gogol went abroad (Germany, Switzerland, France, Rome).

1839 , September - Nikolai Vasilyevich returns to Moscow.

1842 - the first volume of "Dead Souls" and the story "The Overcoat" were published.

1848 - Pilgrimage to Jerusalem.

1852 , February 21 (March 4) - died in Moscow. In 1931 Gogol's remains were reburied at the Novodevichy Cemetery.

Role and place in literature

Nikolai Vasilyevich Gogol - an outstanding classic of Russian literature XIX centuries. He contributed huge contribution in drama and journalism. According to many literary critics, Gogol founded a special direction, called the "natural school". The writer, with his work, influenced the development of the Russian language, focusing on its nationality.

Origin and early years

N.V. Gogol was born on March 20, 1809 in the Poltava province (Ukraine) in the village of Velikie Sorochintsy. Nikolai was born the third child in a landowner's family (there were 12 children in total).

The future writer belonged to an old Cossack family. It is possible that the Hetman Ostap Gogol himself was an ancestor.

Father - Vasily Afanasyevich Gogol-Yanovsky. He was engaged in stage activities and instilled in his son a love for the theater. When Nikolai was only 16 years old, he died.

Mother - Maria Ivanovna Gogol-Yanovskaya (nee Kosyarovskaya). She got married at a young age (14). Her beautiful appearance was admired by many contemporaries. Nikolai became her first child to be born alive. And so he was named in honor of St. Nicholas.

Nikolai spent his childhood in a village in Ukraine. The traditions and way of life of the Ukrainian people greatly influenced the future creative activity writer. And the religiosity of the mother was passed on to her son and was also reflected in many of his works.

Education and work

When Gogol was ten years old, he was sent to Poltava to prepare for his studies at the gymnasium. He was taught by a local teacher, thanks to whom, in 1821, Nikolai entered the Gymnasium of Higher Sciences in Nizhyn. Gogol's progress left much to be desired. He was strong only in drawing and Russian literature. Although the Gymnasium itself is to blame for the fact that Gogol's academic success was not great. Teaching methods were outdated and not useful: rote learning and caning. Therefore, Gogol took up self-education: he subscribed to magazines together with his comrades, was fond of theater.

After finishing his studies at the gymnasium, Gogol moves to St. Petersburg, hoping for a bright future here. But the reality disappointed him a little. His attempts to become an actor failed. In 1829, he became a petty official, a scribe in a department of the ministry, but did not work there for long, having become disillusioned with this matter.

Creation

Work as an official did not bring joy to Nikolai Gogol, so he tries himself in literary activity. The first published work is “The Evening on the Eve of Ivan Kupala” (at first it had a different name). Gogol's fame began with this story.

The popularity of Gogol's works was explained by the interest of the St. Petersburg public in the Little Russian (as some regions of Ukraine were previously called) being.

In his work, Gogol often turned to folk legends, beliefs, and used folk simple speech.

The early works of Nikolai Gogol are attributed to the direction of romanticism. Later, he writes in his original style, many associate it with realism.

Major works

The first work that brought him fame was the collection Evenings on a Farm near Dikanka. These stories are attributed to the main works of Gogol. In them, the author amazingly accurately depicted the traditions of the Ukrainian people. And the magic that lurks on the pages of this book still surprises readers.

Important works include the historical story "Taras Bulba". It is included in the cycle of stories "World City". dramatic destiny heroes against the backdrop of real events makes a strong impression. Films have been made based on the story.

One of the great achievements in the field of Gogol's dramaturgy was the play "The Government Inspector". The comedy boldly exposed the vices of Russian officials.

Last years

The year 1836 was the time for Gogol to travel around Europe. He is working on the first part of Dead Souls. Returning to his homeland, the author publishes it.

In 1843, Gogol published the story "The Overcoat".

There is a version that Gogol burned the second volume of Dead Souls on February 11, 1852. And in the same year he was gone.

Chronological table (by dates)

Interesting facts from the writer's life

• Passion for mysticism led to the writing of the most mysterious work of Gogol - "Viy".
• There is a version that the author burned the second volume of Dead Souls.
• Nikolai Gogol had a passion for miniature publications.

Writer's Museum

In 1984, the museum was opened in the village of Gogolevo in a festive atmosphere.