The text proposed for analysis raises the problem of childhood. Childhood is an integral part of every person's life, so the themes of childhood will never lose their relevance.

To interest the reader, the Russian writer Granin talks about his childhood memories. He writes that childhood was “the most happy sometimes”, Without responsibilities and a sense of duty.

One could dream, rejoice, even the simple food there seemed extraordinary. The most valuable memories are memories from childhood.

- "an independent kingdom that does not depend on the adult future."

But I do not agree with Granin's opinion. In my opinion, childhood leaves a significant mark on the future fate of a person. After all, it is in childhood that basic values ​​and ideals are formed.

To prove my position, I would like to refer to Goncharov's novel Oblomov. Ilya Ilyich Oblomov spends most of his time on the old sofa. The hero has neither a dream nor a goal. He does not strive to achieve any heights, be it career or personal life. What caused this passive behavior of Oblomov? The answer becomes obvious when the reader reaches

to the chapter "Oblomov's Dream". Ilya Ilyich dreams of his carefree childhood, long family breakfasts and an obligatory afternoon nap. Parents strictly controlled so that the boy did not overwork, and, becoming an adult, Ilya Ilyich could not replace the ideals laid down in childhood. It was children's habits that turned Oblomov's life into an empty existence. I am convinced that childhood largely determines our adult life.

Another proof is Gogol's novel “ Dead Souls”. Chichikov's father with early years taught his son "to save and save a penny", to please the bosses and not to hang out with his comrades. Pavel Ivanovich followed these instructions all his life. But can you call “life” the eternal pursuit of money?

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5. Mentally addressing the Russian classical literature Let us recall the novel by I. A. Goncharov “Oblomov.” The atmosphere of laziness, idleness, which reigned in the family of Ilya Ilyich Oblomov, disfigured the soul of little Ilya, which ...
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Theme: "Childhood"

Alyosha Peshkov, left without parents early, lives in the family of Kashirin's grandfather, along with a numerous relative - the families of his grandfather's two sons. Grandfather and grandmother and all other relatives had a huge impact on his fate, each in his own way laid the foundations of his character and worldview in him.

Life in the grandfather's house was difficult, there was not always contentment in it, there were times when Alyosha had to wear someone's shabby clothes and there was no money to buy books for the school.

But if only there were material problems in the house. The family was dominated by cruelty, rudeness, disrespect for each other. Grandfather often beat grandmother, uncles always quarreled over inheritance, even among the cousins, enmity reigned. How could a child grow up in such an atmosphere?

And how many deaths the boy had to endure! His parents, Tsyganok, whom he loved so much, brothers, died before his eyes. It's hard for an adult to go through all this, not like a child. And childhood itself ended very early: after the death of his mother, his grandfather sent Alyosha “to the people,” that is, to work for people.

And yet the boy did not become embittered, did not harbor resentment. He grew up to be an open, kind and empathetic person. Even in this house, where there was so much enmity, he found something that pleased him: communication with people dear to him. And this was his grandmother, and Gypsy, and Good Deed. They brightened up the bleak days.

How much warmth was in the attitude of his grandmother to him, Akulina Ivanovna, this amazingly kind and morally pure woman. Largely thanks to her, Alyosha became sensitive and attentive, loving beauty, folk art, she taught him to see the beauty of life. Grandma was for Alyosha "To the closest to my heart, the most understandable and dear person."

Good Deed attracted Alyosha with his education, erudition, his dissimilarity from the rest. He aroused in the boy a desire to learn, to know the world. But even "Lead abominations" tempered the character of the hero, making him stronger.

The foundling orphan Tsyganok, kind, cheerful, cheerful, also liked Alyosha very much. How many fun minutes they spent together! How tragic is the fate of the Gypsy - he died, strained when he carried the cross.

Alyosha also reaches out to the blind master Grigory Ivanovich, who lost his sight while working for his grandfather.

How important it is that in childhood, when character is formed, the child meets good, real people. After all, it is at this age that the foundations of the future adult personality are laid, the values ​​that a person will follow throughout his life.

There were such people in Alyosha's childhood. An atmosphere of love and respect reigned between Alyosha's parents, it is a pity that both of them died so early.

“As a child, I imagine myself as a hive, where different simple, gray people carried, like bees, the honey of their knowledge and thoughts about life, generously enriching my soul, who could do what. Often this honey was dirty and bitter, but all knowledge is still honey. "

Here you will find the most pressing problems regarding the growing up process from the texts for preparing for the exam in the Russian language. For each of them are selected literary arguments from a variety of books. You can download a table with all of them at the end of the article.

1. I. S. Turgenev in the novel "Fathers and Sons" touched upon the problem of the relationship between the old and new generations. The main character, a young nihilist Yevgeny Bazarov, confronts the nobleman Pavel Kirsanov and his own parents. Pavel Petrovich actively defends the old foundations, while Yevgeny tries to destroy them in order to build new ones on this place. Representatives of different generations argue about literally everything. Eugene's parents are worried that they cannot find mutual language with son. When he died, they come to his grave and greatly regret the misfortune that happened, because whatever the relationship, parents almost always love their children more than anything else.
2. The conflict of generations can be found in the drama of A. N. Ostrovsky "The Thunderstorm"... The old ones include Kabanikha and Dikoy. To the new - Katerina, Varvara, Boris and Tikhon. Due to moral oppression from the mother-in-law main character Katerina feels unhappy, lonely, tortured, and this depressed state pushes her to treason. Her husband is weak, he has no willpower, so he leaves his wife alone with problems, and he goes to the tavern. This only aggravates the situation of the young woman. Boris also turns out to be weak-willed, so he cannot take responsibility for love. Dikoy holds him tightly in a vice, not wanting to violate the old order, namely, to keep the youths in strictness. The heroine, left alone, cannot bear such a life, so she throws herself off the cliff. Tikhon only after the death of Katerina finds the strength to blame his mother for what happened. This example shows that both sides of the conflict are wrong, and it is very important to learn to recognize that you are wrong in time and find a compromise.

Growing up process

1. The growing up process is well described in the story of Alexander Pushkin " Captain's daughter» ... The main character, Pyotr Grinev, was an inexperienced boy at the beginning of the story. He began to play cards, greatly offended Savelich's mentor, who treated him like his own. However, later Peter grew up and turned into a noble and strong man. Most of all, this was facilitated by feelings for Marya Mironova and peasant war in which it was necessary to make adult and responsible decisions. He was forced to grow from a lad who only drove pigeons around the yard, because right in front of him the fate of Russia was being decided, and his beloved woman also needed help. Under the influence of these circumstances, the hero recalls his father's behest: "Take care of honor from a young age." Guided by them, he valiantly serves the empress and saves his love.
2. The growing up process is described in a series of epic fantasy novels by George Martin "A Song of Ice and Fire"... One of the heroines, Sansa Stark, was naive and frivolous as a child. She dreamed of leaving her native northern Winterfell to the south, marrying a noble lord, prince or king. However, later the girl was surrounded by enemies and realized that the most important thing is the family. Therefore, they, the northerners, need to stick together. After being married twice against her will, Sansa became strong and courageous. She was even able to take revenge on her husband, who mocked her and killed her brother. This means that adversity makes people grow up.

Early adolescence

1. Early adolescence problem raised in the work of A.P. Platonov "Return"... Alexei Ivanov returns home after the war and sees that his eleven-year-old son Peter has taken the place of the head of the family. The author notes that the boy seemed older than his age. He looked like a small, poor, but serviceable peasant. Life without a father taught him to be a support for his mother and sister himself. From this example, it follows that early adulthood is influenced by living conditions and upbringing. If the hero had not initially laid the moral foundations in the family, then his son, under the pressure of circumstances, would not have stood the test.
2. The problem of early adulthood is described by J.K. Rowling in Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone. The main character, a boy of eleven years old, grew up without parents in the house of his aunt, uncle and cousin... They treated him like a servant, and did not consider it necessary to please with gifts. Once Harry was given a toothpick for his birthday, and they did not even remember about his eleventh birthday. From an early age, the boy understood that he could only rely on himself. Thus, he grew up early due to the fact that he was left without native family surrounded by people who are indifferent to him. However, it must be borne in mind that Harry was originally raised correctly, so such circumstances did not break him, but tempered his spirit.

The consequences of poor parenting

1. Revealed the problem of poor parenting D. I. Fonvizin in the work "Minor"... The serf-landowner Prostakova is not at all concerned with raising her son. The teachers are hired only for prestige. The mother does not put her subordinates in anything and treats them rudely, trying to marry her son profitably. Bottom line: Mitrofanushka, at the age of 15, can neither read, nor write, nor count, nor speak politely. He is stupid, like Prostakova. The boy is poorly educated, even insolent to his mother. Hence the well-known phrase: "Here is evil worthy fruits." The heroine herself behaved disgustingly and ignorantly, so her son absorbed only the vices inherent in her, and he had nowhere to take virtues.
2. I raised the problem of bad parenting Oscar Wilde in The Portrait of Dorian Gray... Dorian met Henry Wotton, who gradually began to corrupt the youthful mind. Take a crooked track young man the unexpectedly fulfilled wish also helped - that the portrait would grow old over the years in its place. Dorian succumbed to temptation, did terrible things, and paid for it. And it's all the fault of Henry Wotton's rash advice. From this we can conclude that upbringing plays an important role in a person's life.

Children's desire to get older

1. In the children's work “Cats-Warriors. The Sign of Three "Erin Hunter writes about the lion cub, who dreamed of growing up and becoming a squire. Later this happened, and he was given a new name - Lionpaw. He trained hard to be the best at everything. He ran, jumped, fought, practiced fighting techniques, tried to distinguish himself in front of his elders, and strove to make his parents proud of him. Young children also dream of growing up and getting a prestigious profession. This is a normal desire that should not be criticized or suppressed. The main thing is that the child does not act rashly, imitating the wrong example.

In his autobiographical poem, the author recalls the past in which, during collectivization, his father was repressed like a fist - a peasant who worked from dawn to dusk, with his hands that he could not help but unbend, clench into a fist “... there were no separate corns - solid ... Truly a fist! " The pain of injustice has been stored in the author's heart for decades. He was branded as the son of an "enemy of the people", and everything came from the desire of the "father of nations" to bring him to his knees, to subjugate the entire population of his multinational country to his will. The author writes about the amazing peculiarity of Stalin to transfer to someone's account "any of his miscalculations", to someone's "distortion of the enemy", to someone's "dizziness from his predicted victories." Here the poet refers to an article by the head of the party, which was called "Vertigo from success."

Memory stores these events in the life of both an individual and the whole country. A. Tvardovsky speaks about this by the right of memory, by the right of a person who survived the horror of repression together with his people.

2. V.F. Tendryakov "Bread for a Dog"

The main character is a student high school... But he is not an ordinary Soviet citizen, his father is a responsible worker, the family has everything, even during the period of general hunger, when people really had nothing to eat, when the people were dying of exhaustion in millions, there was borscht in their house, even with meat, pies with delicious fillings, kvass, real, bread, butter, milk - everything that the people were deprived of. The boy, seeing the hunger of the people around him, and especially the "elephants" and "shkilets" dying in the station square, felt remorse. He is looking for a way to share with those in need, trying to carry bread and leftover food to the chosen beggar. But people, having learned about the compassionate boy, overpowered him with their begging. As a result, he chooses a wounded dog, frightened by people, apparently, who wanted to eat it sometime. And his conscience is slowly dying down. No, not really, but not life threatening. The head of the station, in which these disadvantaged people lived, could not stand it and shot himself. Years later, V. Tendryakov talks about what is still haunted.

3. A. Akhmatova "Requiem"

The entire poem is a memory of the terrible years of repression, when millions of people stood in lines with parcels for those millions of people who were in the dungeons of the NKVD. A.A. Akhmatova literally demands to remember this terrible episode in the history of the country, no one should ever forget it, even "... if my exhausted mouth is clamped," the poet writes, "to whom a hundred million people are shouting," the memory will remain.

4. V. Bykov "Sotnikov"

Childhood memories play a very important role in the fates of the main characters of the story. A fisherman once saved a horse, little sister, her girlfriend, hay. As a boy, he showed courage, courage and was able to get out of the situation with honor. This fact played a cruel joke on him. Once captured by the Nazis, he hopes that he can wriggle out of the terrible situation, and, saving his life, gives out the detachment, its location and weapons. The next day, after the execution of Sotnikov, he realizes that there is no way back. Sotnikov in his childhood experienced an absolutely opposite situation. He lied to his father. The lie was not so serious, but the cowardice with which he said all this left a deep imprint on the boy's memory. Throughout his life, he remembered the pangs of conscience, the suffering that tears the soul apart. He does not hide behind the backs of his comrades, he takes a blow on himself in order to save others. Withstands torture, ascends the scaffold and dies with dignity. So childhood memories led the heroes to their life finale: one - to a heroic deed, the other - to betrayal.

5. V.G. Rasputin "French Lessons"

Decades later, the author recalls the teacher who played a decisive role in his difficult life. Lydia Mikhailovna, a young teacher who wants to help an intelligent student of her class. She sees how the child's desire to learn breaks down on the callousness of the people among whom he is forced to live. She tries different options for help, but only one succeeds: gambling. He needs these pennies to buy milk. The director catches the teacher for a crime, she is fired. But the boy remains in school, finishes it and, becoming a writer, writes a book, dedicating it to the teacher.

• Category: Arguments for writing the exam

• L.N. Tolstoy - the story "Childhood". In this work, the writer explores the process of character formation. The consciousness of the hero Nikolenka Irteniev reflected the entire rich spectrum of life impressions: children, family, class. Gradually, the hero begins to discover the world around him, people and explore his own soul. So, Nikolenka feels her moral separation from friends and acquaintances. The authority of the father is crumbling: the hero begins to understand that his mother is deprived of his attention. “The tragedy of the ruined life of the faithful master's slave Natalya Savishna is revealed. The first competition of minds and characters takes place: Nikolenka and Volodya's older brother, Nikolenka and Seryozha Ivnin. Unconscious cruelty manifests itself ... - Ilenka Grap's cuddling. The main result of childhood is that all things and relationships are in motion, you are not alone in the world. "
• I.A. Goncharov - the novel "Oblomov". In this novel, the author deeply explores the nature of his hero, the origins of his character, in the pictures of Oblomov's childhood. The author gives us these pictures in "Oblomov's Dream". We see here a description of nature. Her serenity, serenity is akin to fairy tale... In this place, there are no "dense forests", the sea, bringing sadness, mountains and abysses. But the sky is there "as a parental reliable roof", the sun "shines brightly and hotly around noon and then leaves ... as if reluctantly ...". And all nature there presents "a series of ... cheerful, smiling landscapes ...". This Central Russian nature with a leisurely flow of rivers, a serene spirit of the fields influenced the gentle character of Ilya. Further, we find a description of the landlord and peasant life. And again here is a kind of idyll: “ Happy people lived, thinking that it should not and cannot be otherwise, confident that all others live in exactly the same way and that to live differently is a sin ... ”. Oblomovites are hardworking, religious, superstitious, they love to listen to fairy tales, solve dreams. Forever will remain in the memory of the hero endless winter evenings, the nanny's tales about a wonderful country where rivers of honey and milk flow, where beauties and good fellows walk. It was here, in Oblomovka, in the distant childhood years that an important trait of his character was formed - poetic dreaminess. Legends and fairy tales, epics and parables determined his consciousness and attitude to life.

Another defining feature of Oblomov's character is independence from the world of external life, a sense of internal freedom. That is why the service is only as a career, secular friends, empty women who are not able to give happiness, turn out to be alien to the hero. “They are all dead. Sleeping people are worse than me, these are members of the world and society! " - Declares Oblomov. He seeks perfection in this world, "the norm, the ideal of life, which nature has indicated as a goal for man." In his actions and thoughts, Ilya Ilyich is noble, his soul is "pure and clear as glass."

However, life in the family estate also formed the negative aspects of Oblomov's character. So, little Ilyusha grew up active and inquisitive, but his best impulses were suppressed. The constant guardianship of parents and nannies did not allow the child to fully develop. All his attempts to do something on his own were refuted by arguments: “Why? Where to? And Vaska, and Vanka, and Zakharka for what? " His studies at the Stolz boarding house went on intermittently, he became indifferent to the sciences. Gradually, the child developed laziness, inertia, apathy, indifference to life.

Ilya Ilyich dreams of love and family, but he is not given to experience the ideal feeling. He breaks up with Olga Ilyinskaya, since she cannot give him real happiness. Agafya Pshenitsyna, in her character and way of life, somewhat approaches the female type that existed in his childhood. And that is why he remains on the Vyborg side, in the house of Agafya Matveyevna, she becomes the very Militrisa Kirbitievna, about whom his nanny read to him. This is how the tale is embodied in Oblomov's life. Thus, the childhood years, according to the writer, completely determine our character and life scenario.

• F. Iskander - the book "Reflections of a Writer" (a collection of essays and journalism). The author distinguishes two types of creativity in Russian literature - “home” and “homelessness”. Poets, defenders and organizers of the "house" - Pushkin, Tolstoy, Akhmatova. The authors of "homelessness" are Lermontov, Dostoevsky, Tsvetaeva. So, Lermontov's Pechorin destroys Bela's house, Grushnitsky's house, being homeless, he himself perishes in Persia. Pushkinsky Eugene in the poem " Bronze Horseman”, On the contrary, defends his right to a home by rebelling against Peter. We find poetry at home in Eugene Onegin, The Captain's Daughter.