Julia Sukhova

Still life One of the most interesting genres of fine art. Externally, unmanned, this genre is one of the most philosophical, reflecting the entire variety of human relationships with the world of things.

FROM still Lifeas a genre of fine art, Pupils Children's School arts named after. A. I. Road get acquainted in detail in the lessons "Conversations Ob. art» and "Fine stories art» . Learn the work of Russian and foreign masters still Life.

For 8 years of learning in a children's school arts named after. A. I. Road The guys perform many tasks that can be combined with this topic - « Still life»

At school arts The focus is on practical work on still-lifework - This is the organization of performances, determining the sequence in the work of students, the development of the ability to perceive nature, to work in various techniques and various art materials.

There are several species still lifework:

Training;

Educational and creative;

Creative;

Scene - thematic.

According to the formulation of the educational task, distinguish realistic, stylized and decorative still Life.

Training still life(staged) It is aimed at learning the basics of visual certificates, the activation of cognitive processes and attachment to independent creative work. Work on training still Life Students are performed from nature both in the drawing and painting.

Training still life suggests the following decisions of training tasks:

Coordinate objects in size, tone, invoice;

Reveal the design features of objects;

Explore the proportions;

Show materiality items.

Work on still Life can pass in the classroom artificial or natural lighting, as well as at the plenier.

Students are offered a very large number of training productions from the simplest in junior classes. (geometric bodies) to complex in senior (thematic still Life) .

Training still Life Also vary by their topics.

Scene-thematic still life - Combining objects with one topic, plot. for example "Allegorical still Life» - still Life with attributes of scientific and artistic classes. I symbolize the brevity of worldly pleasures and the benefit of scientific work.

Kitchen still lifes - this is still life with meals, dishes and kitchen utensils, breakfast and dinners.

Floral still life - Pictures depicting beautiful gifts of nature.

Still life The landscape is an image still life on the background of the landscape. Here the main role is assigned still LifeAnd the landscape plays an auxiliary role.

Still life In the interior involves the location of the items surrounded by a large space where objects still Life Located in a plot relationship with the interior.

Still life In portraits and genre paintings - represents paintings, where objects enrich the semantic content of works, forming space. Things are often posted on a par with heroes, symbolizing the estate ideals, reflecting the norms of behavior, the signs of life, characterizing professional classes.

Often still life It becomes the theme for the composition or enters a very important component in the composition.

Decorative still life There is no exact image of nature, and thinking about this nature: This is the selection and capturing the most characteristic, rejection of everything random, submission still Life The specific task of the artist. The task is decorative still Life It consists in identifying the decorative qualities of nature, creating a general impression of elegacity.

Much attention is paid to work on " still life - fantasy". Still lifein which real objects can be depicted schematically.

Creative still life The study formulation is distinguished by the fact that the student in the process of drawing fasses, stylizes, transforms the visible world. The child is not so attached to the exact image still Life, items and their designs.

Still lifelike a genre of fine art, opens up huge opportunities for children's learning pictorial art.

All photographs presented above are the works of students of decorative and applied and artistic departments of a children's school. arts named after. A. I. Road.

Publications on the topic:

"Art of wire" Found a very interesting technique in art is "weaving from a wire." This type of art was invented a long time ago when all the decorations.

"I am a teacher of deh"! Music is a mighty source of thought. Without musical education it is impossible for a full mental development. V. A. Sukhomlinsky Who be? After.

Drawing Still Life of Preschool Children Fine activity is one of the most interesting preschool children: it is deeply worried about the child, causes positive.

The role of dehs in the formation of a creative person in the modern world The most important social institutions that form the identity of the child are family, school and social environment. Additional education.

Family role in choosing a future student profession In front of all people, during a certain period of time, it is necessary to choose a profession. Parents often have the greatest influence.

Still life - one of the genres of fine art dedicated to reproduction of items, fruits, vegetables, colors, etc. The task of the artist depicting still life is to convey the coloristic beauty of the people around the human objects, their volumetric and material essence, as well as express their attitude to the images depicted. Drawing still life is especially useful in educational practice for mastering picturesque skill, as in it a novice artist comprehends the laws of color harmony, acquires technical skills of the picturesque model modeling as an independent genre in art. Still life appeared at the turn of the XVI - XVII centuries. In Holland and Flanders and since then, it is used by many artists to transfer the direct communication of art with life and life of people. This is the time of artists who glorified themselves in the genre of still life, P. Klasa, V. Hedy, A. Beierene and V. Calfa, Sneiders, etc.

Still life is the most favorite genre and in the art of many modern artists. Still lifes are written at the pleaire, in the interior, simple and complex productions, traditional and stable arranged sets of objects from the daily help of a person.

In the painting-still life, artists seek to show the world of things, the beauty of their forms, paints, proportions, capture their attitude to these things. At the same time, a person is reflected in still lifes, his interests, cultural level and life itself.

Compilation of still life involves the ability to portray the form of various items using a light, perspective, color laws.

The main compilation of still life is such selection of objects in which the total content and the topic is expressed most clearly.

There are several types of still lifes:

• - plot-thematic;
• - educational;
• - educational and creative;
• - Creative.

Still lifes distinguish:

• - by color (warm, cold);
• - in color (compensated, contrast);
• - by illumination (direct lighting, lateral lighting, against light);
• - at the location (still life in the interior, in the landscape);
• - by time of execution (short-term - "non-relief" and long-term - many hours);
• - by setting the learning task (realistic, decorative, etc.).

Still life in the landscape (at the plenier) can be of two types: one - compounded according to the chosen topic, the other is natural, "random." It can be both independent and be an integral part of the genre painting or landscape. Often the landscape or genre scene themselves only complement the still life.

Still-life in the interior involves the location of the items surrounded by a large space where the objects of still life are in the plot coented with the interior.

Plot-thematic still life implies an association of objects theme, a plot. Thematic still life is a complex artwork, with the help of which you can tell about hobbies, views, the worldview of the owner of the items.

Educational still life. In it, as in plot-thematic, it is necessary to coordinate items in size, tone, color and texture, reveal the design features of items, study the proportions and identify the patterns of plastics of various forms / 5, p. 57 /. Educational still life also be called academic or, as they said above, staged. The educational still life differs from the creative strict statement of the goal: to give the student fundamentals of the visual lettuce, to promote the activation of their cognitive abilities and attach to independent creative work.

In a decorative still life, the main task is to identify the decorative qualities of nature, the creation of a common impression of elegacity "Decorative still life is not an exact image of nature, and thinking about this nature: this is the selection and capturing the most characteristic, the rejection of the whole random, the submission of the building of the artist's specific task of the artist" .

The basic principle of solving a decorative still life is to transform the spatial depth of the image into the conditional plane space. At the same time, it is possible to use several plans that need to be located within a small depth. The learning task facing the student in the process of working on a decorative still life is to "identify the characteristic, most expressive quality and strengthen in its decorative processing, in a decorative solving of still life you must try to see the processing characteristic and on it."

Decorative still life makes it possible to develop in future architectural designers a sense of color harmony, rhythm, quantitative and qualitative proportionality of color planes, depending on their intensity, lightness and texture, and in general, activates the creative forces of students.

1. In and its features

1.1Vida Painting

1.2. Gain painting

2. The tourism and its role in the genre environment of painting works

2.1. Still life and still life

2.2. History of the occurrence of still life

2.3. The fact of the still lifes of Russian artists

Conclusion

Bibliography

1. In and its features.

1.1Vidi painting.

The word "painting" is formed from the words "alone" and "write". "To paint," explains the distance, "to portray it right and via the brush or words, pen." For the drawing, depicting correctly means the exact transmission of the appearance of seen, its most important signs. It is right to pass them by graphic means - line and tone. But convey to the lives of the surrounding world by these limited means, the pulsation of life in each centimeter of the color surface of the subject, the charm of this life and constant movement and change is impossible. Truthfully reflect the color of the real world helps painting - one of the types of visual art.

A wide variety and fullness of phenomena, impressions, effects that can embody painting. Painting is available entire world of senses, characters, relationships, experiences. It has the most subtle observations of nature, eternal ideas, impressions, fine shades of moods.

The task of painting is not only to show anything, but also to reveal the inner essence of the depicted, reproduce "typical characters in typical circumstances." Therefore, truthful artistic generalization of life phenomena is the basis of the foundations of realistic painting.

Types of painting.

Painting is divided into monumental, decorative, theatrical-ornamental, miniature and machine.

Monumental painting is a special type of painting products of a large scale, adorning walls and ceilings of architectural structures. It reveals the content of major social phenomena, which had a positive impact on the development of society, glorifies them and perpetuates, contributing to the upbringing of people in the spirit of patriotism, progress and humanity. The elevation of the content of monumental painting, the significant sizes of its works, communication with the architecture require large color masses, strict simplicity and laconism of the composition, clarity of contours and the generalization of the plastic shape.

Decorative painting is used to decorate buildings, the interior in the form of colorful panels, which the realistic image creates the illusion of a wall breakthrough, a visual increase in the size of the room or, on the contrary, deliberately composed forms approve the walls and closure of space. Patterns, wreaths, garlands and other types of decor adorning the works of monumental painting and sculptures are associated with all the elements of the interior, emphasizing their beauty, consistency with architecture.

Theatrical and decoration painting (scenery, costumes, makeup, butafory, made according to the artist's sketches) helps to delete the performance of the performance. Special theatrical conditions of perception of scenery require the records of many points of view of the public, their great remoteness, the effects of artificial lighting and color lights. The scenery gives an idea of \u200b\u200bthe place and time of action, activates the perception of what is happening on the scene. Theatrical artist is striving in sketches of costumes and makeups to acutely express the individual character of the characters, their social status, the style of the era and much more.

Miniature painting received a large development in the Middle Ages, until the invention of typography. Handwritten books were decorated with the finest screensavers, endings, detailed studied illustrations of miniatures. Picturesque miniatures of Russian artists of the first half of the XIX century were skillfully used when creating small (mainly watercolor) portraits. Pure deep watercolor colors, their exquisite combinations, the jewelry subtlety of the letter is distinguished by these portraits, complete grace and nobility.

Stank painting, performed on the machine - Molbert, as a material basis uses wood, cardboard, paper, but most often canvas stretched on the subframe. The glass picture, being an independent work, can be depicted solving everything: the actual and fictional artist, inanimate objects and people, modernity and history - in a word, life in all its manifestations. Unlike graphics, the old painting has a richness of color, which helps emotionally, psychologically multifaceted and finely convey the beauty of the surrounding world.

According to the technique and equipment, painting is divided into oil, tempera, fresco, wax, mosaic, stained glass, watercolor, gaishevoy, pastel. These names obtained from a binder or from the method of applying material and technical means.

1.2. Gain painting.

Painting genres (Fr. Genre - Rod, View) - Historically established division of painting works in accordance with themes and objects of the image. In modern painting, there are the following genres: portrait, historical, mythological, battle, household, landscape, still life, animal genre.

Although the concept of "genre" appeared in painting relatively recently, certain genre differences existed since ancient times: images of animals in the caves of the Paleolithic era, portraits of ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia with 3 thousand BC, landscapes and still lifes in Hellenistic and Roman mosaics and frescoes. The formation of the genre as the system in easel painting began in Europe in the XV-XV centuries. And ended mainly in the XVII century, when, in addition to the separation of fine arts, the concept of "high" and "low" genres appears depending on the image, themes, plot.

The genre of fine art reflecting the external and inner appearance of a person or group of people is called a portrait. This genre is distributed not only in painting, but also in sculpture, graphics, etc. The main requirements for the portrait are the transfer of external similarity and the disclosure of the inner world, the nature of the character of a person.

The genre of fine art dedicated to historical events and characters is called a historical genre. The historic genre, which is characteristic of monumentality, has developed for a long time in wall painting. From the Renaissance before the XIX century. Artists used the stories of antique mythology, Christian legends. Often the real historical events depicted in the picture were saturated with mythological or biblical allegoric characters.

Batal genre (from FR. Bataille - Battle) is called the genre of painting, which is part of the historic, mythological genre and specializing in the image of the battles, military exploits, combat operations, the military valor, the fury of the battle, the triumph of victory. The battle genre may include elements of other genres - household, portrait, landscape, animal, still life.

The genre of fine art, showing the scenes of the daily, personal life of a person, everyday use of the peasant and city life, is called a household genre. Appeal to life and the businesses of people are already found in the paintings and reliefs of the Ancient East, in antique vases and sculpture, in medieval icons and characters. But it was allocated and acquired the characteristic forms of the household genre only as the phenomenon of secular machine art.

The genre of fine art, where the main thing is the image of nature, the environment, trees of countryside, cities, historical monuments, is called a landscape (FR. Paysage). There are rural, urban landscape, architectural, industrial, marine (marina) and river landscape.

The genre of fine art showing animals is called an animal genre (from Lat. Animal - Animal). Animal artist pays attention to the artistic and figurative characteristic of the animal, its sobs, decorative expressiveness of the figure, silhouette. Often animals are endowed with people with features, actions and experiences.

2. The tourism and its role in the genre environment of painting works.

2.1. Still life and activities of still life.

The genre of fine art, which shows the items, labor, creativity, flowers, fruits, a bit of game, caught fish placed in a real household medium calledstill Life (Fr. Nature Morte - Dead Nature).

The genre of still life is very rich and interesting. Accumulated significant experience in this genre. Significantly depict objects, their beauty is transmitted, unique pictorial qualities.

There are various types of still lifes:

1. Still life of gypsum geometric bodies.

2. Still life of household items, simple in form.

3. Still life of household items, simple in form in color.

4. Still life from objects close to color.

5. Still life of the items of contrasting color.

6. Still life from dark items.

7. Still life of white items.

8. Still life in the interior.

9. Still life at the plenier.

Along with the household genre, still life was considered a secondary view of painting, in which it is impossible to express high public ideas, civil virtues. Indeed, much of what is characteristic of the works of historical, battle and other genres, still life unavailable. However, great masters proved that things can characterize the social position, and the lifestyle of their owner, generating such images, various associations and social analogies.

Still life use as a study formulation, the primary stage of studying nature during the apprenticeship. A professional artist often refers to this genre, as a picturesque etude from nature. Still life, as not one of the painting genres represents the characteristic of so many opportunities for practicing formal pictorial quest. He can also become an independent picture, in his own way revealing the eternal theme of art - the topic of human being. Such a capacity of the functions of the still lifeworm and makes the painting of inanimate items of the search for not only forms and content, but also the search for the personal view of the artist to the surrounding, his understanding and sense of life, the development of their style.

The joy of direct communication with nature, a living source of fine art, in work on still life, is becoming a special meaning. "Still life is one of the sharp conversations of the painter with kind." In work on still life, no one distracts the artist, forcing him to focus on his own painting, for from beauty, depth and expressiveness of pictorial speech depends on the still life beauty and depth of an expressive image, the acuteness of those associations that this image gives rise to the viewer. Conference of simple items as a particle of reality makes this remarkable genre of painting.

The world of things in still life is always designed to reveal their objective originality, unique qualities, beauty. At the same time, it is always a human world, expressing the thoughts and feelings, attitude to the life of a certain society.

What is the difference between this genre from others? What can give painter an image of inanimate things?

Unlike portrait painting, which is dealing with only a person, or a scenery, recreating nature and architecture, still life can consist of various things of the home and personal use of man, elements of the plant world, works of fine art and many other things.

Still life more than any other genre escapes from verbal descriptions; Still life must be carefully watching, look at, dive into him, as he teaches to comprehend painting actually, admire His beauty, strength, deep - only this is so comprehended by the true content of any painting, its image.

In still life, the painter appeals to the world of inanimate things, highlighting them from the whole wealth of the surrounding world.

Still life is distinguished by the special principles of constructing the composition with all the difference in historical and individual forms of this genre at different stages of its development. The items here are usually taken near, so the look can seem to be, to evaluate them first of all material qualities - their gravity, plastic forms, relief and surface texture, details, as well as their interaction with the medium - their life in the environment. The scale of the composition in still life is usually focused on the size of a room small thing, from where the large intimacy of still life compared to other genres. At the same time, the form of still life is deep and multi-tier, multiform, containing: Still life structure, setting, choice, point of view, condition, interpretation nature, elements of tradition, etc.

In still life, the artist does not simply depict the subject, but by means of them expresses their representation of reality, solves a variety of aesthetic tasks.

The essence of the "content" of still life (according to B. Vipper) - in relation to the person and subject in the sense of life objectivity, the nature of matter ... This is "in a certain sense, a whole worldview, a certain understanding of visibility, a feeling of reality".

To these words, you can only add that the items are the language in which the artist says, and he must own this language in perfection.

As an independent genre of art, still life is strongly affected by the viewer, since it causes associative ideas and thoughts during the perception of inanimate objects, which people see certain characters, worldviews, various eras, etc.

The effect of still life depends primarily from the rightly selected and correctly revealed theme, as well as on the characteristics of the creative personality of a particular artist.

Still life, as any other genre is directly related to the image ratio, to solving a specific visual task.

With all the diversity, a huge amount of form of a variety of still life remains a "small genre", but it is precisely valuable because it turns paintings, first of all to itself and her eternal values \u200b\u200band problems.The world of things in still life is always designed to disclose their objective peculiarity, unique quality, beauty. At the same time, it is always a human world, reflecting the system of thoughts and feelings, attitude to life. Items are the language that the artist says, and he must own this language. In the bunch of greenery, the painter expresses the completeness of life, in the marine sink - the sophisticated mastery of nature, in the kitchen dishes - the joy of everyday life, in a modest flower - a whole universe.

Still life - "not only an artistic task", but also a whole world view. The world of things is the human world, created, formed and cherished by man. This makes still life with all the external modesty of its motives, the genre is deeply meaningful.

The subject of life, warmed by the warmth of everyday communication with people, allows you to touch their lives more relatively and intimate than it is possible in the plot painting. Things in painting, not always, of course, act in the "hard" specially dedicated to the genre of still life, they revive and fill the rooms in the picturesque images of interiors, sometimes playing no less role than people in genre or historical scenes, finally accompany people often and In the portrait.

Still-life is primarily objects that are organized thematically connected with semantic content and carry a certain idea.

They can be divided into two large groups: natural items (flowers, fruits, snack, fish, game, etc.) and things made by the hands of a person.

Features of the natural objects of still life - their briefness. As a rule, they relate to the natural world (although there are exceptions). Evilized from the natural environment, they are doomed to the ambulance, the flowers are withering, the fruits are poured, the game will deteriorate. Therefore, one of the functions of this genre - to give the immutability to be changeable, fastening not resistant beauty, to win the time, make a strained eternal.

Objects made by man are usually made of durable materials: metal, wood, ceramics, glass, they are relatively stable, their forms are stable.

The difference of manufactured things from natural objects is in the content side that they play in still life. They mostly serve as a characteristic of a person and its activities, make a social content in still life, gives place in it the topic of labor and creativity.

With all the differences in natural and artificial objects, they have common features that allow organically to combine these items in still life. Both those and others are part of the interior, relatively not large in size, harmoniously combined with each other (vases and flowers, dishes and fruits). The main thing is that to unite them - the impact on a person.

The tremendous diversity of the world of things is infinitely expanding the meaningful features of still life.

Entering images of paintings, engravings, drawings, you can enjoy elements of other genres: portrait, interior landscape - creating new peculiar spatial, semantic and decorative relationships.

Still life is also often enriched with painting paintings (on trays, cups), small sculptures (busts, statuettes; bas-reliefs, threads on vases) and so on.

Rich pictorial, spatial and meaningful effects give the image of the mirrors.

In addition to the household, there is a so-called sign entity. This feature is very important, since without taking it, it is impossible to understand still life and its capabilities.

Features of still life images, transmitting through inanimate objects of the features and characters of people, time is the main compositional activity of the artist in this genre.

Still life does not exist objectively, it is invented, it is compiled, component, especially in order to be depicted. It does not matter that it can have a very life-like real look.

All compositional work focuses on the placement of still life within the picture plane. Depending on the nature of the still lifeworm group of its height and width, the depth of the space, the degree of contrast of items in size and color is determined by the format and dimensions of the plane, the position of the composite center is a tonal and color solution, there is a search for the most optimal composition in which equilibrium issues will find their solution. Proportional relationships.

In the organization of the composition, use various types of rhythms - linear, tone, color. Contrasts play a special role. Having allocating certain sections of the image, they make them more noticeable, then attenuating. The work built on ate of noticeable fluctuations in light and shadows without certain, focusing the attention of the viewer "Flash" seems to be monotonous, monotonous, deprived of picturesque expressiveness. Sharply sound contrasts create voltage, dynamics, as opposed to symmetry, the dynamic image is built on sharp shifts of the center to the composition to the axis of the art plane. In these cases, rhythms are aimed at achieving the visual equilibrium of the masses.

Rhythm organizes an image. Located in the structural basis of still life, it creates a visual frame that leads our perception. Visually comparing some elements of the image with others, we highlight the main ones and focus on them attention.

The issues of format are basically dependent on the plan, and he, in turn, expresses the nature of the grouping of objects, its proportion.

The subtleties of finding the format include clarifying the magnitude of free places on the left and right, from the bottom from the subject group. The idea in still life prompts the character of the solution space in still life. This is due to the characteristics of the color system. The nature of the spatial solution is also associated with the amount of relatively free place on the left right.

As a rule, in still life, the main group of items are located on the second spatial plan, where the plot composition center is located. The purpose of achieving, the relationship of the composition of the group of objects with the format is the rhythmic solution of the picture plane, alternation of spots, pause, the balance of the picture plane with the definition of the semantic composite center, the placement of secondary parts, with the search for color and tonal contrasts.

Also, the effects of solving the composition both in the still life, created on the basis of the plan, and during the operation of a special formulation depends on the need to take into account various levels of vision and features of promising construction. Various levels of vision on the formulation make it possible to see the artist to see the best unexpected version of a composite solution carrying the novelty of the aesthetic perception of well-known items.

The picture plane can be solved as a decorative composition where it is necessary to keep the impression of the plane, and the color plays the main role. In this case, it is necessary to pay attention to the nature of the color decision, for the power of its emotional impact.

An important role in the creation of a holistic composition of still life is played by bringing the color decision in working to colorful unity, which is the highest quality of painting. The color solution of the still life composition can be in warm or cold condition.

Color - soul of painting, without color painting does not exist. Not perceived by the flavor, we still do not know, in essence, this work. That is why every one-photon reproduction from the painting takes her main thing that it has expressiveness from the point of view. Color is the life of painting. The most important function of color in painting is to bring to the limit, both sensual accuracy of the image and the semantic and emotional expressiveness of the work.

The concept of color is inextricably linked with the definition of light. In artistic activities, adopt a narrow definition of the light as the energy radiation of a felt visually. Color is part of the light radiation perceived by our eye directly from the source or when it is reflected from the surface. The surface color depends on what light it is lit, and on which part of the light energy from this surface will affect.

The surface reflecting all the rays of light, dissipating them in all sides - white, surface absorbing almost all rays - black, surface reflective part of light energy and absorbing steel - color.

Color has a number of characteristics, such as tone, lightlock, saturation. Color can cause and not color sensations, such as freshness, lightness, coolness, and even fragrance.

Knowing how the scientific and theoretical foundations of flower science are used in the organization of a picturesque work, gives painting the opportunity to scientifically substantiate creative techniques of various masters, and, accordingly, find ways to train these techniques.

But one thing only does not lead to success. Only working practically, mixing various colors, studying their behavior in the interaction, we will be able to learn all their properties.

The whole variety of colors in the work is obeying the artist's plan and a common color. The richness of the color observed in reality, the artist implements in a holistic harmony. Such a color unity of the painting is called a flavor.

Coloring decides the first impression that the picture produces; Depending on it, the viewer coming down the gallery stops or passes by. To make a big impression at first glance, it is necessary to avoid all trifle or artificial effects, calm and simplicity must dominate the whole work. This is very promoted by the latitude of uniform and clean paints. The impression of greatness can be achieved in two opposite paths. One - reduces color to almost one lighting. The other is to give paints very clearly and intensively, but in both cases - the main principle is simplicity. Although it is possible to recognize that the exquisite harmony of the flavor, the gradual transition of some tones to other means for the eye, too, that exquisite harmonies in the music for hearing.

Coloring paintings can be designed in various colors gams. So distinguish the pinkish color, coloring, weathered in blue, golden and other gamms. Here, under the flavor, the fact that all colors of the work have similar shades or the same shade.

Also coloring the picture can be expressed by flowers close to each other or contrasts. On the flavor they say also in relation to the variety of colors of the color found by the artist. Here we are dealing with the terms "Coloristic wealth" and "poor color".

Thus, the concept of coloring accommodates all the relationship between the color of the painting in the number and variety of shades, according to the strength and intensity of the color, according to harmonious combinations, etc.

Various painters for solving different tasks used their flavor. The flavor of the work depends on the design of the picture, on what feelings the artist wanted to express.

2.2. History of the occurrence of still life.

Still-life term, so familiar to designate a certain genre in visual art, appeared in the 18th century. Early paintings, reproducing certain inanimate objects, was customary to be called the German Word "Fixed Nature". Still life as a genre of painting emerged in Europe at the border 16-17

centuries, but his background began significantly earlier. Along with the household genre, still life was considered a secondary view of painting, in which it is impossible to express high public ideas, civil virtues. However, great masters proved that things can characterize the social position, and the lifestyle of their owner, generating, thus, various associations and social analogies.

the painter of Pernakos, who lived in the Hellenistic era. It is possible that his paintings served as samples for frescoes in the pompes. These are bright and juicy images of flowers, fruits, as well as ritual vessels, written devices, coins.

The most common variety of still life is

image of household items. This type of still life, closely associated with the development of the household genre, interior, landscape, blossomed in the Western European art of the 17th century. Each National Art School in its own way, originally solved this problem. So, for example, the Dutch still life of the 17th century amazes the wealth of topics. In each art center of the country, painters preferred their compositions: in Utrecht - from flowers and fruits, in the Hague - from fish. In Kharlem wrote modest "breakfasts", in Amsterdam - luxurious "desserts", and in university leiden - books and other items for the sciences and traditional symbols of the worldly bustle - skull, candle, hourglass.

In still lifes, referring to the beginning of the 17th century, items are arranged.

strictly, as if exhibiting in the museum showcase. In such pictures, the details are endowed with a symbolic meaning: apples resemble the fall of Adam, and grapes are about the redemptive sacrifice of Christ. Sink - shell,

overcoming the creature once lived in it, faded flowers - a symbol of death.

Butterfly, born from a cocoon, means resurrection. Such, for example, Baltazar canvas Van der Asta (1590 - 1656)

Artists of the next generation things are no longer so much reminded about the distracted truths, how much are to create independent

artistic images. In their paintings, habitual items acquire a special, non-seen beauty. The view of the still life, called the "breakfasts", acquired the most advanced and complete features in the work of the painters of the Harlem School of Peter Clase and Willem Head. They became the creators of the national still life with the image of the covered tables, tired by a modest set of objects typical of the family of the Dutch Burger of the 1630 -1640s. Intimacy, simplicity and severity of these works reflect household ups, tastes, sympathy and mood of the first generation of Dutch bourgeois, which has grown in a free, independent country.

Harlem's painter Peter Clas (1597 - 1661) Thin and skillfully emphasizes the originality of each dish, glade, pot, finding for any of them the perfect neighborhood. In the still lifes, his countryman Villema Clase Heda (about 1594 - about 1680) reigns picturesque mess. Most often, he wrote "interrupted breakfasts." Crumpled tablecloth, confused serving items, food, to which barely touched, everything is reminded of the recent presence of a person. Pictures are revived by diverse light spots and multi-colored shadows on glass, metal, canvas ("breakfast with crab", 1648)

In the second half of the 17th century, the place of modest "breakfasts" of class and hedge

we will take the richer and spectacular "desserts" of Adriana Van Beyeren and Calfa Wilham. They depicted grandiose pyramids from expensive dishes and exotic fruits. Here and chased silver, and blue faience, and cups from sea shells, flowers, grape clusters, semi-cursed fruits. In these still lifes, loves love affairs to the peculiarities of each subject, the ability to finely compare material and texture, a variety of compositions, exquisite colorful combinations, virtuoso skill in the transmission of each subject.

Pictures look to the sharp contrast to these not larger

flemish artists of the same time. These are huge decorative still lifes with the image of juicy and ripe fruits, fruits, bird bats, boars and deer heads, broken meat carcasses, a variety of fish, from the most common to rare and exotic breeds. The author of these paintings was France Sneders (1579 - 1657), and the canvas themselves constitute the original and kind of still life, called the "shop" ("Fish shop", "Fruit shop", "Still Life with Swan"). Sneders with love and skill transmits color, shape, texture of objects, having the gifts of nature in unexpected combinations and with sharp lighting, and unites them into luxurious decorative and holistic cycles of paintings.

Artistic doctrine of classicism attributed still life to

lowland genres, however, in the 18th century in France appear

magnificent Clotts J. B. S. Sharden (1699 - 1779). The master was familiar with the Dutch and Spanish traditions of this genre, but his attitude towards still life is unique and original. For his paintings, he chose several very simple items ("copper tank", "tube and pitcher"), making up a strict and clear composition of them. Paints of the artist or bright, or muted, on the manner Rococo. Charden first began to write the flesh itself, the matter of things with their genuine color, instead of coloring them.

Interest in still life is significantly intensified in the second half of the 19th century. Impressionists in France put focus on the picturesque perception of the world of things, solve problems of light-color relations, often interpret still life as a kind of decorative panel.

Postplayers (P. Cesann, V. Van Gogh, A. Matisse) in still lifes

the freshness of the first impression will focus, develop complex problems of a composite and color solution of the picture. Unusually colorful expressiveness A. Matissea is visible in the works: "Sunflowers in vases" - warm color gamut; "Fruits and a coffee pot" - cold gamma; "Blue pot and lemon" - color dominant. P. Cezann in his still lifes perfectly used the properties of cold tones to go deep into depth, and warm - to move towards the Fruits, "Still Life with Apples", "Peaches and Pears"). He also argued that "everything in nature is lying in the form of a ball, cone, cylinder ..."; The spatial perception of the object depends on its color.

Since the beginning of the 20th century, still life becomes a kind of creative

laboratory of painting. Masters Fovisma go along the way to the exacerbated identification of emotional and decorative expressive possibilities of color and invoices, while representatives of cubism (P. Picasso) argue new ways to transmit space and objects: the volumes on the plane are constructed on the plane, dismember the forms on simple geometric bodies perceived with Different points of view, the harsh, almost monochrome tones are used, then administered collages in the patterns - various powders, pieces of newspapers and other materials.

In the foreign still life of the middle and the second half of the 20th century stand out

work of the Italian painter D. Morandi, different

contemplative mood, clear compositional constructions, faded color gamut. Social trends are reflected in expressive, mean by the selection of works of the Mexicans D. River, D. Sicairen, Italian R. Guttuzo.

2.3. The very life of the still lifes of Russian artists.

The first Russian still lifes - "Flakes" - the work of G. Teplov and T. Ulyanov appeared in Russia in the 18th century. "Foolish" still lifes, depicting on a wooden wall, objects and bookshelves are distinguished by the fact that the artists sought to bring an illusion to the limit - the viewer was to be deceived, take an image for nature. Still life told about the circle of artists-intellectual artists (reading, making, fascination with art, business correspondence) and just about life objects.

At the beginning of the 19th century, fashion appeared on the "Botanical Still Life" - this was still life of F. Tolstoy: "Berries of red and white currant", "Bouquet of flowers, butterfly and a bird". At the end of the 19th century - at the beginning of the 20th century, the still life comes out of the genre of the landscape. Artists admire the subjects not so much for their own beauty, as for involvement in beautiful, full air and light peace. New still lifes appear from under the brush of well-known landscape players, for example; I. Levitan "Dandelions"; I.E. Grabar "Chrysanthemum", "Vase with Floxami"; K. Korovin "Still Life. Roses "," Lilac "," Bouquet by the Sea ".

At the beginning of the 20th century there is a flourishing of Russian still life. K. Korovin

and masters of the joining "Bubnovaya Valet" create major, juicy

works that blame the full beauty of being. The works of Ilya Mashkova perfectly demonstrate the features of "Russian Cezannism". His still lifes - these are pieces of life, these are the most common items, but filed with their best. In still life "Blue plums", the artist sought to convey the juicy blue of fruit and their elastic form. In other works "Sand Moscow. Breads "The Master sought to draw attention to the beauty of the colors themselves - thick and very bright.

In the Soviet art of 20-30 and in subsequent years

still lifes worked such artists: P. Konchalovsky, A. Kubrin, A. Berthulov, M. Sarian, A. Osternin, A. Gerasimov. People in manner reflecting the essential features of the modern era, still lifes were created in the 40-50 years P. Kuznetsov, Yu. Pimenov. In the 60-80 years, the desire for the aesthetization of the world of the world of things was observed in the still lifes of V. Stozharov, A. Nikich.

Extremely peculiar still life of representatives of pop art, proclaimed after the abstractionism "return to reality" after the province. Their work is reproduced by household items, packaging of goods, machine parts and are designed for diverse associations at the viewer.

Educational still life.

Educational still life - formulation of various in color, shape, structure of objects aimed at improving the perception of materials of objects with young artists. Educational still lifes are thematic, genre, bright and dark, aimed at studying one or another structure of materials. For example, the formulation of their 7 bottles of different colors and glass density. Purpose: Transfer the difference in materials. Or white vase with white flower on a white background. Purpose: Catch the difference in white items, etc.

Scientist still life.

The genre of the "scientist" of the Still Life originated in the university leiden is obtained by the name "Justa vanity" or "Memento Mori" and is the most intelligent type of still life, requiring the viewer of the knowledge of the Bible and the traditions of religious symbolism (the pictures of Peter Stenwean and David Bailey). Often, illusionist techniques that create an artificial illusion of vision are present in the still lifes. In turn, the fascination of the illusionist transmission of nature led to the emergence of a special type of still life - the so-called "sniffs" (Trompe L'œil). Such still-life were especially common in the middle of the XVII century and gained incredible popularity in the country and beyond

Flower still life.

Starting from the 40s of the XVII century, still life in Dutch painting got widespread as an independent genre. One of the most firsts, a floral still life was separated in the works of artists such as Ambrosius Boshart Senior and Baltasar Van der Ast, and further continued its development in the luxurious still lifes Yana Davids de Hem and his followers in the second half of the XVII century. The reasons for the popularity of flower still life can be found in the features of the life of the Dutch society - traditions have gardens, country villas or room plants - as well as favorable natural conditions for the development of flower growing.

Modern still life.

The main task of the artist is disclosed in modern still life, which is not noticed in everyday life. The fabulous view of the still-life picture on the background of the mountains at sunset, such still lifes are written as a rule not from nature, but according to the artist's imagination.

The work of modern artists belongs to the era of postmodernism. For its definition, the expression "current art" is also applied. This includes works created since the early 1970s to date.

1970 has become a turning point in the history of fine art. It was then that the term "postmodernism" appeared. In addition, starting from now on, artistic movements have become very difficult to classify. This is due to the set of funds and technical innovations that have become available to modern artists. A distinctive feature of contemporary art is also its social orientation.

The term "current art" in recent years has become identified with some devils of avant-gardium in Russia. For example, Russian modern artists portraitists are more likely using in their work the technical capabilities of photography, Internet and computer programs, combining such modern technologies with some social challenge, the non-standard of the world's vision, sometimes the coating paint and lifting even in such a seemingly static genre, like a portrait , deep social problems. Their creative surveys can be viewed as a search for alternative postmodern, which is expressed in the use of high-tech means and materials for the image of reality.

In any gallery, in any particular collection, in any interior there are paintings still lifes. The symbol of the comfort, the creator of the mood, the indicator of taste - still life today, perhaps, one of the most popular genres of painting. The aesthetics of the Russian still life is inherent in the perfection of the picturesque techniques, spirituality and the liveliness of "dead nature. Personal, the reverent attitude of the artist to the banal subjects of being, the ability to reveal the secret meaning with this substantive world - the components of the art of the painting still life. Only a real master of painting can be attached to this coolest paint.

In the Soviet times, the painting "Still Life" became the ideological inventory of many artists who do not chase regime. As a way of self-expression, paintings by the artists "Still Life" - a kind of chronicle of the work of the rogue of the Soviet artistic world. Modern artists are engaged not by ideological struggle, but pure creativity.

Still lifes modern artists can be divided into two categories: those on which traditional items are shown directly (things, food, flowers) and those that have a deep symbolic meaning. Interest in the latter heated by the deep social promises and ideas encoded in them.

Modern artists:

Artist Nikolai Mazur.

His works amazing with their realism, masterful possession of color, the arranging composition.

Painter Mazur Nikolai Vladimirovich was born in Krasnoyarsk. Professionally engaged in painting for more than 20 years. Member of numerous exhibitions

The artist prefers the genre of still life. In the style of realism.

Artist Alexey Antonov.

Painter Alexey Antonov was born in Russia in 1957;

From early childhood showed ability to work. Already at 3 years wrote his first paintings

He has a unique realistic technique of writing, careful attitude to detail.

Since 1990, he constantly lives and works in the United States.

Conclusion

This genre allows you to create a certain mood, image using simple items. Still life throughout its development history contained a symbolism, that is, certain items had a certain meaning. With this genre, artists transmit their attitude towards the world around.

Therefore, especially in recent years, when the question of forming a national self-consciousness was, much attention was paid to nationally cultural worldview, aesthetic development, they became more in-depth and in detail the art as a factor in the development of the young generation of our country.

Still lifes dedicated to folk art reveal the history of our country, its tradition, which allows you to form patriotism, national self-awareness.

Still lifes attach to eternal, to culture.

Using various means of expressiveness in still life, the artist shows us his feelings, its attitude towards what is depicted.

In still life, the attitude of a person to the world around the world is expressed. It reveals the understanding of the beautiful, which is inherent in the artist as a person of his time.

The art of things have long been long before turning into an independent area of \u200b\u200bartistic creativity, it was an integral part of any significant work. The role of still life in the film was never exhausted by simple information, by random addition to the main content. Depending on the historical conditions and public queries, items more or less participated in the creation of an image that follows one or another side of the idea.

Compared to the thematic picture or landscape in the creative still life, the artist is freely managing the layout of objects, which may if necessary, change places, move, remove, finally change the level of view.

Watching the surrounding reality, the artist pays special attention to those objects that are attractive by their shape, color, that is, aesthetic content. On the peculiarities of visual perception, the law of compositional integrity is based.

The expressiveness of the image is inextricably linked with the manifestation of the law of contrasts, which, in turn, is based on the patterns of human vision and the peculiarities of the visual perception of reality.

The tone solution of still life is usually built on the contrast of dark items on a light surface or, on the contrary, on the contrast of bright items on a dark surface. The relevant relationship between objects must be achieved true black and white gradations, the feature of which is that every item has its own, different from other tone. Do not forget also about contrasts. The closer the subject to the light source, the brighter the black and white contrasts appear on it.

Thus, work with still life requires a good artistic and aesthetic taste, knowledge of the laws of composition, contrast, tone and black and white gradations.

Still life is a confession of the artist. And he cannot but be a poet. Poetry is the state in which he lives, and lives constantly. Emotion is that it is inevitably manifested in the picture, if it happened to its creation. Cold art is dead. You can not imitate feelings, pretend to be worried. We must love and worry.

Reflecting the beauty of objects of the outside or things created by the work of man, still lifes can worry us no less than genre paintings.

Bibliography:

1. Bolotin I.S. Problems of Russian and Soviet still life. M., 1989.
2. Vipper B.R. Articles about art - M.; 1972.
3. Vipper B.R. The problem of still life. Kazan, 1992.
4. Universal art history - m.; 1972.
5. Winning G. The role of lighting in still life. - Artist; 6. 1984.
6. Herchuk Yu.Ya. Living things - Soviet artist; - m.; 1977.
7. Gusareva A.P., Konstantin Korovin - Soviet artist;
8. Kantor A.M. The subject and environment in painting is a Soviet artist.
9. 7.Kuznetsov Y. Western European Still Life - Soviet artist.
10. Neklyudova MG Traditions and innovation in Russian art art
11. XIX - early XX centuries - art.; - m.; 1991. Y.Rakova M.M. Russian still life of the late XIX - XX centuries - art.;
12. 10.Schotkov A.S., Triseliev A.V. Work technique on still life-promotion, 1982.
13. Rakov M.M. Russian Still life of the late XIX - early XX century. M., 1970.
14. 12.Shitov L.A., Larionov V.N. Painting - m.; - Enlightenment.

"An image of the objective world. Expressive features of still life. "

The main task of art and painting is to wake in a man beautiful, make him think, feel. The task of the artist to attract the attention of the viewer, see in the usual subjects an extraordinary essence. The world surrounding the artist introduces us still life. He makes it possible to look back for several centuries ago, survive with the master especially beloved to them motives. In still life, the artist is trying to dismiss the bodies of the items around him, seeks to reflect his mood. Along with the household genre, still life has been considered a secondary view for a long time. Indeed, much of what is characteristic of the works of historical, battle and other genres, still life unavailable. However, great masters proved that things can characterize the social position, and the lifestyle of their owner.

The art of still life has its own history, their traditions. How the genre arose in Holland. Artists portrayed the most ordinary things, but it was beautiful and poetic. The most common and popular still-life was in Dutch art at the turn of the XVI - XVII century.

"Still life" - the word French literally means "dead nature". In Dutch, the designation of this genre sounds like Stilleven, i.e. "Quiet Life" So STILL LIFE: the genre of fine art showing inanimate objects placed in a real household environment and organized into a specific group;

In Russian art, still life appeared in the XVII century, together with the statement of secular painting, reflecting the cognitive pathos of the era and the desire to truthfully and accurately transfer the subject world.

Still life is one of the most famous genres of fine art. It has a lot of functional features: used as a training formation, the primary stage of studying nature during the apprenticeship, he can also become an independent picture, in its own way of revealing the eternal theme of art - the topic of human being. Still life loves many painting professionals. It enters how important item in the training of the future artist. Here the skill is honored to solicit several items, to understand the difference in their qualities. From still life it is better to start mastering the pattern. It can be drawing as you like for a long time, carefully studying it from different points, without fear that he gets tired standing and leave or change the situation.

So: On the one hand draw still life easy enough– You can always find several items and make up the composition; with another– Drawing items may seem monotonous and boring students.

How to make a job more fascinating and interesting, but at the same time a training.

The purpose of this work is:

Show beauty around the world through an still life, a variety of work on it, using different methods and techniques

Tasks of work:

Systematize students' knowledge of still life, as a genre in visual arts

Learn different ways and styles of work on still life

Educate interest in world culture and art

Display the characteristics and features of the surrounding reality, through the still life

transferring your attitude towards the world around.

The tasks of the methodical work are due to the goal.

The drawing process is a complex complex of mental and practical activity. Spectative perception of nature, as a rule, is a holistic. When performing a drawing of still life, the number of stages is determined by the complexity of the still lifestyle. Work begins with the search for the composition of the composition. Selection of objects is carried out according to the specified topic. So that work on still life has been truly interesting and useful, still life should be well drawn up and right. And this is the beginning of creativity and not such a simple, as it may seem. There are already a taste and composite flair.

There are rules for still lifes

A set of objects cannot be random, they must be combined with a certain topic.

If you place the items far from each other, emptiness can enter the composition, if you bring it closer - still life will be cumbersome.

The same items located on the same line will create the impression of monotony.

Still life must have a composite center - the subject is either the largest or brightest or most expressive.

An essential role in still life plays background. After all, items without support will not have their expressiveness.

As a person learns to read and write from the very basics, it is impossible to draw in the visual arts right away. Undoubtedly, there are talented children who feel and can convey the correctness of the seen. But even they need to know the rules and laws of drawing. The necessary concepts of artistic literactions Children are obtained in the lessons from. They study the rules, study in stages to build a drawing, analyze the work. Also, as in other sections, there are many regularities and the necessary drawing rules in the topic "Still Life".

It is important at the initial stage of work to pay attention to such concepts as

Perspective - display system on the plane of the depth of space.

The perspective of a circle, square, central (one point of departure) and angular (on two).

Light - Method of transmitting volume with shadows and light.

Light, shadow (falling and own), semolot, glare, reflex.

Proportions - the ratio of parts to each other or to the whole. Method of sight, axis of symmetry.

There are several types of still lifes: 1.plot-thematic; 2 training; 3. educational and creative; 4. creative.

Still lifes distinguish:by color (warm, cold); in color (close, contrast); by illumination (direct lighting, lateral lighting, against light); at the location (still life in the interior, in the landscape); by time of execution (short-term - "non-relief" and long-term - many hours); according to the formulation of the educational task (realistic, decorative, etc.).

Still life is performed in painting, graphics, also occurs in the sculpture. Camering reliefs from fruits, leaves and other decorative elements were used in antiquity.

So that the child has the opportunity to focus on the main thing, does not follow the first productions to include items with a large number of small parts: the background should be simple.

Children are already familiar to the 6th class with many concepts, but at this stage they are considered in the context of a certain topic - the topics of still life. It is necessary to show the disciples the importance of knowledge and understanding of all these concepts, to realize that without them there is no correct pattern, which insens the viewer.

The study of all these rules and drawing laws can be considered preparatory work. This also includes the study of the history of still life. This is an important thing - the child should know and understand all the integrity of this genre. After students learned the rules and laws, they understood the determined meaning of work, they should try their strength in the image of items. The guys are honed by the skills on individual objects of life, in practice applying the rules studied. It is necessary to achieve automatism in phasate work. Children are obliged to know where to start a drawing.

Still-life is primarily objects that are organized thematically connected with semantic content and carry a certain idea. Based on drawing individual items, the student learns to correctly transmit the form of the subject, keeps the perspective and proportions, later all skills will be useful in drawing still life.

Next is the search for the composition of the composition. The guys do not always understand how to create a composition properly. To teach them to do it, some words are not enough. Practice is needed. We use different techniques and types of work.

We look at which geometric shape you can enter the production. We consider several productions included in one figure, and one production, rearrangement of items, fit into different figures

We use computer technologies. Draw - for a long time, you can use the operation "Insert Figures". Children like to create images, pass, they hide the skill work with the computer.

Magnetic Designer: The teacher makes plane blanks in advance on magnets. Children train in the compilation of still lifes, placing magnetic figures on the board.

One of the workshops is a photo. Pupils are happy to photograph. Before this, the proposed items create a composition. Then photographing, output to the computer, view, analysis. Comparing and discussing, it is easy to find the right solution of the composition. There is a guarantee (in the class 9 of the photo study of the photo). This technique not only diversified work, he is remembered to children, helps to see the advantages and disadvantages of the proposed performances. If the images are saved, you can be viewed repeatedly.

Students like working on still life. Everyone has their own style, work may not be similar to each other, the more interesting and the knowledgeable one work. Usually we arrange the exhibitions of students of different years.

To diversify work on still life, I propose to use the techniques that will be interesting to the guys.

Creating still life in appliqué technique. Children learn to have items on the entire plane of the sheet so that it is expressive and interesting. You need to come up with how to place objects on the sheet, take colored paper, scissors and glue. Pick out beautiful paper on color and determine what will be the background. Cut out several color silhouettes of simple home objects (jar or vase, mug, bowl or plate, round dish or kitchen board), as well as silhouettes of several fruits. And then make up the still life of them.

No less interesting is the type of work collage. From pieces of colored paper of different colors, images of objects are laid out. When performing an image, the disciples not only comply with the form of objects, they try to choose the desired tone, show blue. The work itself is fascinating and unusual.

Reception "Still-life-narrator" helps to introduce children with the history of the genre. The teacher brings objects for setting and offers students to draw up a composition. Children take the subject, but before putting it, read historical information related to the Still Life genre.

An image of a decorative still life solves several tasks. Children creating two with the species of the same still life, but at the same time they are divided differently. They learn to be designers. Strength students can make two drawings, weak - at least one. In addition, it is just interesting to children, because Does not hold them at a certain framework, but allows you to fantasize.

We strive to train the child not only drawing, it is necessary that he can see and hear the world around, was extremely attentive, could see unusual in familiar things. And the main child should be able to imagine and transfer it to the sheet. Such an exercise as an artistic dictation is helped, where students listen to the description of the painting, recording keywords, then painted according to the presentation. All the guys have their own image, but it is united by one story. In this exercise, interdisciplious communication is traced, the development of imagination and the perception of the world through its point of view.

An important role is played by quizzes, surveys, tests for learning the art of still life. Different options are possible, the use of computer technology. There is a living communication, discussion of the answers, finding the right decision. Children and fans themselves invent different tasks, make presentations, arrange quiz.

Work on still life should be systemic. The success of the work depends on a number of conditions that in general and create this system. Of course, children should want to draw, know the rules and laws, carry out training exercises. The use of different types of work allows you to diversify drawing still life. Of course, the help of the teacher, constant control.

So, summing up, it should be noted that the work on still life has been and remains one of the most important stages of learning students drawing. She should not be annoying and boring, so in its development I tried to show how you can diversify it, make it more interesting and exciting. By the guys, such types of work and exercises are very likely, the lesson is obtained in saturated, but not monotonous. Of course, much attention is paid to the rules for the production and performance of still life, the compositional solution and the rules of the prospects, as well as the sequence of work. But such a variety of works and styles does not interfere with a realistic still life, and on the contrary helps to all students, even very weak, make their work proper.

What did the still-life teacher of the Fine Art of the MBOU "TsO No. 32" Kamenskaya Alena Igorevna

If you see in the picture a cup of coffee on the table, or Morse in a large decanter, or a rose in a crystal, or a bronze vase, or a pear or a cake, or all items right away, know that it is ... Still Life

Still life is one of the genres of fine art, mainly painting. In still life, only everyday life is depicted, i.e. Casual, ordinary things, inanimate objects.

French "Natura Morte" - literally means "dead nature". All living, natural, natural becomes in an inanimate, dead and equal to things. So, to become the subject of still life fruits and fruits should be torn, beasts and birds - killed, fish, marine animals - caught, flowers - cut off

In still life, the attitude of a person to the world around the world is expressed. It reveals the understanding of the beautiful, which is inherent in the artist as a person of his time. However, it is important not only what is depicted, but also as. The same items, in different ways are located, written in bright juicy strokes or softly and quietly, can tell about holiday and sadness, about happiness or alone.

Painting graphics

Types of still lifes Plotnotematic still life involves combining objects theme, plot. Thematic still-life complex artwork, with which you can tell about hobbies, views, the worldview of the owner of the items.

objects, training still life. It needs to coordinate items in size, tone, color and texture, reveal the structural features to identify the patterns of plastics of various shapes. Educational still life is also called academic or staged. The educational still life differs from the creative strict statement of the goal: to give diplomas, to promote the activation of their cognitive abilities and attach to independent creative work. Fine learning to explore the proportions and bases

creating a common task in a decorative or creative still life is the identification of decorative qualities of nature, elegacity "Decorative still life is not a precise image of nature, and thinking about this nature: this is the selection and capturing the most characteristic, refusal of everything random, submission of the building of the Specific Task of the artist ". impression

Still lifes distinguish: By color (warm, cold); in color (close, contrast); By illumination (direct lighting, lateral lighting, against light); at the location (still life in the interior, in the landscape); by time of execution (short-term "non-relief" and long-term many hours); According to the formulation of the educational task (realistic, decorative, etc.).

What do still-liver mean, their secret signs? What do Flowers on still lifes? lilies, violets, forget-me-not surrounded by roses, carnations, anemones symbols of modesty and purity; A large flower in the center of the composition "Crown of Virtue"; Silky petals near Vase - marks of fracility; Faded flower hint on the disappearance of the feeling.

What do fruits and insects in still lifes? Mature fruits symbol of fertility, abundance, wealth and welfare; grenade symbol of resurrection, character chastity; Cherry - "Paradise Berry", symbolizes the softness of nature, the kindness of man; Strawberries Symbol of righteousness and hard work; Olive symbol of the world; Lemon - betrayal, sensual pleasures; birds, butterflies and various insects signs of different stages of earthly life, the personification of the divine cycle, death and resurrection; A flush butterfly - the symbol of the immortality of the soul, the resurrection;