Lesson "The city of Kalinov and its inhabitants" in the play by AN Ostrovsky "The Thunderstorm". methodological development of literature (grade 10) on the topic. What is the attitude of Kuligin to the dark kingdom. The image of Kuligin in the play Thunderstorm of Ostrovsky composition Kuligin

Public lesson in the context of contextual learning technology

Theme: "The city of Kalinov and its inhabitants" in the play by A. Ostrovsky "The Thunderstorm".

Class: 10

Lesson type: working with artistic text.

Lesson type - a workshop using the technology of contextual learning with access to creative work.

The purpose of the lesson: using the speech characteristics of the heroes, consider how the "cruel manners" of the inhabitants of the city destroy the fate of the heroes.

Lesson objectives: to characterize the city of Kalinov;

Trace the system of social relations of people of the "dark kingdom"

To promote the development of analytical, communicative and reflective culture, monologue and dialogic speech of students, disclosure of their creative abilities

Equipment: A. N. Ostrovsky's drama "The Thunderstorm"

Presentation "The city of Kalinov and its inhabitants";

Group work cards

Principle: "As many students as possible and as few teachers as possible"

Epigraph: Life is a certain surplus

Spilled in the sultry air.

F.I. Tyutchev.

Lesson steps / methods	Intended activities of the teacher	Prospective student activity
Teacher's word. 2-3 minutes Organization of the class 2-3 min Introduction to the topic of the lesson Reception "Guide 5 minutes Formation of skills and abilities. Working in groups. 20 minutes Problematic question 2-3 minutes	Dear friends. With particular excitement I pick up the play by A.N. Ostrovsky's "Thunderstorm" .. which I.S. Turgenev called "the most magnificent, most talented work of Russian powerful talent." More than a century and a half have passed, and readers are still arguing about the issues raised by the writer: about the strength and weakness of Katerina, the statement of Kuligin about "Cruel morals" sounds relevant and modern. You have read the text ... the relationship between people is the most difficult ... Statement of the lesson question and formulation of the goal. To get to know life from the inside, let's take a closer look at the city in which our heroes live. I remember classic example... Chichikov so that ... How is the city of Kalinov shown? Getting to know the city Imagine yourself in the role of a tour guide who allowed us to visually see imagine the city of Kalinov,buried in greenery, as he is depicted in the play. Perfectly conducted ex. So, let's enter the city of Kalinov from the side of the public garden. Let's linger for a minute and look at the Volga, on the banks of which there is a garden. Handsomely! Eye-catching! So Kuligin also says: “The view is extraordinary! Beauty! The soul rejoices! " People probably live here peaceful, calm, measured and kind. Is it so? Let us turn to the main method of revealing the character of heroes - speech characteristics, let us listen to what people say about the morals of the city. Coordinates the work of groups, helps to draw conclusions. Guys, why didn't they include Boris and Katerina in the conversation? I don't know anything here, but your orders, no customs .. (Boris) Why don't people fly like birds? I don't understand what you are saying. (Barbara) The acquaintance is over. What conclusion did our communication with the characters of the play lead us to? And as a result of the actions of Kabanova and Dikiy: The results of the actions of these heroes: - the talented Kuligin is considered an eccentric and says: "There is nothing to do, you have to submit!"; - the kind, but weak-willed Tikhon drinks and dreams of breaking out of the house: "... and with such bondage you will run away from whatever beautiful wife you want"; he is completely subordinate to his mother; - Varvara adapted to this world and began to deceive: “And I was not a deceiver before, but I learned when it became necessary”; - educated Boris is forced to adapt to the tyranny of the Wild in order to get an inheritance. This is how he breaks down the "dark kingdom" of good people, forcing them to endure and keep silent. The city of Kalinov is contradictory, ignorant Life in the city is a reflection of the situation when the old does not want to give up its positions and seeks to retain power by suppressing the will of others. Money gives the "masters of life" the right to dictate their will to the "victims." In a true display of such a life - the position of the author, who calls for changing it.	Make out notes in a notebook Comment on the topic of the lesson and set goals. Speech by students - guides. Learning to listen and complement. 1-2 students (We see its high fences, and gates with strong locks, and wooden houses with patterned shutters and colored window curtains, covered with geraniums and balsams. We also see taverns where people like Dikoy and Tikhon are reveling in a drunken stupor. We see dusty Kalinovski streets where ordinary people, merchants and wanderers converse on benches in front of houses, and where sometimes a song is heard from afar to the accompaniment of a guitar, and behind the gates of houses begins the descent to a ravine, where young people have fun at night.Our gaze opens a gallery with arches of dilapidated buildings; pink bells and old gilded churches, where "noble families" stroll with dignity and where the social life of this small merchant town unfolds. Finally, we see the Volga pool, in the depths of which Katerina is destined to find her last refuge. Work with text by filling in a table: Students speak out. They are both strangers here. - educated Boris is forced to adapt to the tyranny of the Wild in order to get an inheritance. For Katerina, the main thing is to live according to your soul The boar is more terrible than the Wild one, as her behavior is hypocritical. Dikoy is a curse, tyrant, but all his actions are open. The boar, hiding behind religion and caring for others, suppresses the will. She is most afraid that someone will live in their own way, by their own will. Ostrovsky showed the city is fictional, but it looks extremely reliable. The author saw with pain how backward Russia was in political, economic and cultural terms, how dark the country's population was, especially in the provinces.
Final reflection 2 minutes	What feelings and emotions did the conversation about the city of Kalinov and its inhabitants evoke in you?
Conclusion on the topic of the lesson 2 minutes	Poetic and prosaic, sublime and down-to-earth, human and bestial - these principles combined in the life of a provincial Russian town, but unfortunately, gloom and oppressive melancholy prevails in this life, which N.A. Dobrolyubov, calling this world a "dark kingdom". This phraseological unit is of a fabulous origin, but the merchant world of "The Thunderstorm", we were convinced of this, is devoid of that poetic, enigmatic, mysterious and captivating, which is usually characteristic of a fairy tale. "Cruel manners" reign in this city, cruel, destroying all living things on their way. “Nothing is sacred, nothing is pure, nothing right about this dark the world: dominating him tyranny, wild, insane, wrong, drove everything out of him consciousness of honor and right ... "(N. Dobrolyubov)
Organization of homework. 2 min	As we continue our conversation at home and prepare for the next lesson, reflect on How does Katherine protest against cruel morals?

Application,

Wild	Kabanikha
About him: "Swearing"; "How I fell off the chain"	About her: "Everything is under the guise of piety"; “A prude, he clothe the poor, but ate the household altogether”; "Scolds"; "Sharpens iron like rust"
He himself: "Parasite"; "damn"; "You failed"; "foolish man"; "Go away"; "What am I to you - equal, or what"; "With a snout and climbs to talk"; "Robber"; "Aspid"; "Fool", etc.	She herself: “I see that you want freedom”; “He won’t be afraid of you, even more so”; “You want to live by your own will”; "fool"; "Order your wife"; "Must do what the mother says"; "Where the will leads," etc.
Output. Dikoy - a swearing man, rude, tyrant; feels his power over people	Output. The boar is a bigot, does not tolerate will and disobedience, acts by fear. hiding behind religion and caring for others, suppresses the will

Wild.
- He's afraid that he is who! Boris Grigorich got him as a sacrifice, so he drives it ... (Kudryash)
- Look for such and such a scolder like our Savel Prokofich! No way will he cut off a man. (Shapkin)
- A piercing man. (Curly)
-There is no one to take him down, so he is fighting ... (Shapkin)
- How not to scold! He can't breathe without it ... (Curly)
- He first breaks hell with us, outrages in every possible way, as his heart desires, and all the same ends up by giving nothing ... (Boris)
- He has such an institution. In our country, no one dares to utter a word about the salary, scold what the light is worth. (Curly)
- They can't please him, but where can I ... (Boris)
- Who will please him if his whole life is based on swearing? And most of all because of the money. Not a single calculation is complete without swearing. Another is glad to give up his own, if only he would calm down. And the trouble is, how in the morning someone will make him angry! He finds fault with everyone all day. (Curly)
- One word: warrior! (Shapkin)
- But the trouble is, when such a person, whom he does not dare to curse, offends him, then hold on to your family! (Boris)
- And the honor is not great, because you have been fighting with women all your life ... (Kabanova)
- I wonder a lot at you: how many people you have in your house, but they cannot please you alone. (Kabanova)
-There are no elders over you, so you are swaggering ... (Kabanova)

(Dikoy is a stout, burly merchant with a thick beard, he is in a coat, oiled boots, stands akimbo, speaks in a low, deep voice ... He is known in the city as a rude and cruel man. . Frankly cheating men. Conscious of his strength - this is the power of a money bag. Treasures every penny and gets annoyed when he meets Boris, claiming to be part of the inheritance. Material dependence is the basis of the relationship between the characters of the play. Dikoy acts as a "hero" only in front of his subordinates: in fact, he is The Dikiy's speech is rude, saturated with coarse vernacular vocabulary and an abundance of curses: "Parasite! Get lost! ... Ugh, damn you! Why are you standing like a pillar! ... Failed! I'm talking to you - I don’t want a Jesuit!)
Kabanikha.
-Kabanikha is also good! ... Well, yes, at least she, at least, is all under the guise of piety ... (Curly)
- Prude, sir! She clothe the beggars, but she ate the household completely. (Kuligin)
-Do not respect you, how can you ... (Barbara)
- ... what an unfortunate person I was born that I can't please you with anything (Tikhon)
- ... he eats while eating, does not give a pass ... (Tikhon)
-She sharpens him (Tikhon) now, like rust iron ... Her heart will wear out, that he walks at will. Here she is now giving him orders, one more formidable than the other, and then to the image - she will make him swear that he will do everything as accurately as ordered. (Barbara)
-Koli mama sends, how can I not go. (Tikhon)
-Well, I'll go to pray to God, don't bother me ... (Kabanova)
- Youth is what it means ... It's funny to look at them even! ... They don't know anything, of any order ... Well, whoever has elders in the house, they keep the house while they are alive. (Kabanova)
-Not very much respected nowadays ... (Kabanova)
- If not the mother-in-law! .. She crushed me ... from her, I got sick of the house; the walls are even disgusting ... (Katerina)
- ... many people, if only you can be taken, with virtues, like flowers are adorned: that's why everything is done cool and decency ... (Feklusha)
-We don't have to hurry up, honey, we live leisurely ... (Kabanova)
-You find a cheaper one! And I am dear to you! (Kabanova to the Wild)
-Let's say that even though her husband is a fool, her mother-in-law hurts fiercely ... (Curly)
- Mummy, you are very cool. (Kuligin)
- Here mamma says: she must be buried alive in the ground so that she could be executed! (Tikhon)
-Mommy eats her, and she, like a shadow, walks unrequited ... (Tikhon)
-I would be nothing, but mama ... unless you can talk to her ... (Tikhon)
-It must be said frankly that from mamma (Varvara ran away from home), therefore she began to tyrannize and lock her up ... (Tikhon)
-the mother-in-law tortures me, locks me up ... everyone laughs right in my eyes, reproaches you at every word ... (Katerina)
-Mommy, you ruined her, you, you, you ... (Tikhon)
Approximate characteristics performed by students:
(A tall, overweight old woman, wearing an old-fashioned dress; keeps upright, with dignity, walks slowly, sedately, speaks weighty, significant. The domineering, despotic Kabanikha constantly sharpens the household. The basis of the family Kabanikha sees the house-building laws of life, sanctified by antiquity. Kabanikha is convinced that if these laws are not followed, there will be no order. She speaks on behalf of an entire generation, constantly using moralizing phrases. Her image grows to a symbol of patriarchal antiquity. Relying on the authority of antiquity, Kabanikha makes extensive use of folk phraseology and proverbs in speech: “Why are you pretending to be an orphan? Why did you let the nuns go? "," Someone else's soul - darkness. " A measured, monotonous character is given to Kabanikha's speech by the repetitions of words and phrases: "... if she hadn't seen it with my own eyes and heard it with my own ears", "... that the mother is a grumbler, that the mother does not let her pass, she stifles with the light ...".Households dependent on Kabanikha have different attitudes towards her teachings.)

Feklusha and other residents of the city.
- What can we say! You live in the promised land! And the merchants are all pious people, adorned with many virtues! By the generosity and alms of many! (Feklusha)
-Everything in the fire will burn inextinguishable! Everything in the resin will boil unquenchable! (Lady)
-I love painfully, dear girl, to listen, if someone howls well. (Feklusha)
-Who can take you apart, you are all riveting at each other ... all quarrel, but quarrel. (Glasha)
-And I, dear girl, not absurd, for me this sin is not. I have one sin ... I love to eat sweet food. (Feklusha)
-I ... did not go far, but to hear - I heard a lot ... (Feklusha)
-And that is, there is still a land where all the people with dogs' heads ... For infidelity. (Feklusha)
-It's still good that kind people yes: no, no, yes, and you will hear what is happening in this world; otherwise they would have died like fools. (Glasha)
- The last times, Matushka Marfa Ignatievna, the last, by all indications, the last ... Here you have ... rarely will anyone go out of the gate to sit ... and in Moscow, there is a groan in the streets of gulbishcha and merrymaking, there is an Indo groan ... Why, they began to harness a fiery serpent ... (Feklusha)
- Hard times ... the time has already begun to come into belittling ... the time is getting shorter ... for our sins it is getting shorter and shorter ... (Feklusha)
-What is Lithuania? - So she is Lithuania. - And they say, my brother, she fell on us from the sky ... - I don't know how to tell you, from the sky, so from the sky .. (Citizens)
Approximate characteristics performed by students:
(The world of the city is motionless and closed: its inhabitants have a vague idea of \u200b\u200btheir past and do not know anything about what is happening outside Kalinov. Feklushi's absurd stories create distorted ideas about the world among Kalinovites, instill fear in their souls. She brings darkness to society , ignorance. Together with Kabanova, she grieves about the end of the good old times, condemns the new order. New powerfully enters life, undermines the foundations of the Domostroy order. Feklushi's words about “the last times" sound symbolically. Feklushi also predetermines the peculiarities of her speech. She strives to win over those around her, so the tone of her speech is smooth and flattering. Feklushi’s agreeableness is also emphasized by her saying “sweetheart”.

Tikhon Kabanov.
- But how can I, mamma, disobey you. (Kabanov)
-I think, mama, not a step out of your will ... (Kabanov)
- ... what an unfortunate person I was born that I can't please you with anything ... (Kabanov)
-What are you pretending to be an orphan? What are you nuns about? What kind of husband are you? Look at you! Will your wife be afraid of you after that? (Kabanova)
-Yes, mamma, and I don't want to live by my own will. Where can I live by my own will! (Kabanov)
-Fool! What to say with a fool, only one sin ... (Kabanova)
-Mother attacks her, and so do you. You also say that you love your wife. It's boring for me to look at you. (Barbara)
-Know your business - keep quiet, if you really can't do anything ... (Barbara)
-You already drove me here completely! I have no idea how to break free, but you still impose on me. (Kabanov)
-With some kind of bondage from whatever beautiful wife you want to run away ... Whatever it is, I'm still a man ... to live like this all your life ... so you will run away from your wife. But how do I know now that there will be no thunderstorm over me for two weeks, there are no shackles on my legs, so what time for my wife? (Kabanov)
-And I love her, I'm sorry to touch her with a finger. He beat me a little, and even then mamma ordered ... .That's why I am killed, looking at her. (Kabanov)
-It's time for you, sir, to live with your mind. (Kuligin)
-No, they say their own mind. And, therefore, live a century for a stranger. (Tikhon)
Approximate characteristics performed by students:
(Tikhon thinks only about pleasing his mother, striving to convince her of his obedience. The plural address, the repeated word "mamma" give his speech a derogatory character. He understands that by doing his mother's will, he humiliates his wife. But Tikhon is a weak-willed person who resigns himself to his mother's fierce disposition.)

Kuligin.
-Fifty years I have been looking at the Volga every day, but I can't get enough of everything ... Have you looked closely or don't understand what beauty is spilled in nature ... (Kuligin)
-You are an antique chemist ... (Kudryash)
-Mechanic, self-taught mechanic ... (Kuligin)
-From him (Dikova), take an example. Better to endure. (Kuligin)
-What to do, sir. We must try to please somehow. (Kuligin)
-I have read Lomonosov, Derzhavin ... (Kuligin)
-I really do, sir, for my chatter gets; but I can’t, I like to scatter the conversation! (Kuligin)
- Only if I, sir, find a perpeta-mobile ... After all, the British give a million. I would use all the money for society and for support. Work must be given to the philistine. And then there are hands, but there is nothing to work. (Kuligin)
-Because from this ... for all the common people in general benefit ... (Kuligin)
-Yes, why are you crawling to me with all sorts of nonsense ... What am I to you - even or what? (Wild)
-I want to put my work for nothing ... Yes, everyone here knows me, no one will say bad things about me ... (Kuligin)
-I, sir, small man, to offend me not for long ... "And virtue is honored in rags." (Kuligin)
-Nothing to do, you have to submit. (Kuligin)
-It's a pity to disappoint him! What a good person! He dreams of himself - and is happy. (Boris)
Approximate characteristics performed by students:
(Kulign painfully speaks of “ cruel morals"City, but advises to" please somehow "tyrants. He is not a fighter, but a dreamer; his projects are not feasible. He spends his energy on inventing a perpetual motion machine. WITH life position Kuligin is also associated with the features of his old-fashioned speech. He often uses Old Church Slavonic words and phraseological units, quotes from the Holy Scripture: "the breadth of bread," "there is no end to torment," etc. He is loyal to Lomonosov and Derzhavin.)
Varvara and Kudryash.
-We have few guys on my side, otherwise we would have taught him to mischief ... (Curly)
-He senses with his nose that I won't sell my head cheaply ... He's scary to you, but I can talk to him. (Curly)
-I'm considered a rude ... I'm not afraid of him, but let him be afraid of me. (Curly)
- Yes, I don’t let it down either: he’s his word, and I’m ten ... No, I’m not going to slave to him. (Curly)
-I'm sick of dashing girls ... (Curly)
-What should I judge you, I have my sins ... (Barbara)
-And what a desire to dry up! Even if you die of melancholy, they will regret it for you! ... So what a bondage to torture yourself! (Barbara)
-I didn't know that you were so afraid of the storm. I'm not afraid. (Barbara)
-And I was not a deceiver, but I learned when it became necessary ... (Barbara)
-And in my opinion, do what you want, if only it was sewn and covered. (Barbara)
- Take a walk until your time comes. You will still sit there. (Kabanova)
- Varvara's mama grinded and sharpened, and she could not stand it, and she was like that, - she took it and left ... They talk to Kudryash and Vanka ran away, and they won't find that anywhere either ... from mama, so she began to tyrannize and lock her up. “Do not lock it,” he says, “it will be worse.” And so it happened. (Kabanov)
Approximate characteristics performed by students:
(Barbara is convinced that you cannot live here without pretense. She sneers at her mother, condemns her. In the love of the barbarian and Kudryash there is no true poetry, their relationship is limited. Barbara does not love, but only “walks.” The author depicts the “free” behavior of young people. )

The Thunderstorm is one of the most tragic works of Russian literature. A. N. Ostrvsky put the most vivid characters and a subtle image of life into the images. One of the brightest characters is Kuligin. His characterization is distinguished by positive qualities, he is one of the most striking characters in the play, whom you want to equal.

General characteristics of Kuligin

Kuligin is one of the residents of Kalinov. He is about 50 years old. He is a mechanic, his delicate profession is a watchmaker. All his life he devoted to the study of various mechanisms. Kuligin can be called a poet at heart. Everything he does - he does with love, selflessly. He loves nature, has a positive attitude to reading books. He is able to support any conversation. He is a wise man and he gladly shares his wisdom with others.

Kuligin is a kind and helpful person. He loves to work for the good of society and can even be called an altruist. Kuligin installed a sundial in the city, wants to install a lightning rod. But no one supports his ideas. He is modest, considers himself a small person. Constantly afraid of offending someone. But at the same time, he also has courage. He is not afraid to be responsible for his actions and words. He is very honest and helpful. Appreciates the same qualities in people. Kuligin belongs to the bourgeois class. Such is general characteristics Kuligna "Thunderstorm".

Kuligin's worldview

Kuligin is a representative of the "new views". He is progressive and ready for something new. He constantly invents something and tries to implement something new in life that will make the life of the whole city more convenient and easier. How he relates to the world, how and what he thinks, does not coincide with the worldview of the rest of the inhabitants of the city. He reads many books, but this does not make him a conservative, but rather, on the contrary, makes it possible to reflect, move forward, be progressive and courageous in the emergence and implementation of various ideas. He is used to living not only for himself. This also distinguishes him from most of the city's residents, for whom it is strange and wild that someone wants to do a good deed for the good of the people, and not just for their own interests.

Kuligin's dream

Kuligin dreams of building a perpetum mobile, or a perpetual motion machine. He would like to receive a million from the British for it. But unlike most people, he wants to spend this million not for himself, but for the good of the city. He wants to provide jobs for the philistine. But until his dream comes true, and he is forced to create something for the good of the city. Since he does not have his own funds for this, he is forced to ask the wealthy city to sponsor his ideas. For example, he turns to Wild. But he does not accept his ideas, rejects him, and even accuses him of trying to steal and misappropriate finances. The whole city makes fun of him and considers him a real eccentric. Therefore, all of Kuligin's dreams cannot be realized while he is in Kalinov.

The play "The Thunderstorm" shows people from different points of view. A different worldview makes them different from each other, gives rise to a clash of interests and misunderstanding. But Kuligin is one of positive characters, for whom honor, dignity, intelligence are not empty words. He believes in himself and has a zeal for the new, progressive. He sincerely wants to improve the lives of the townspeople who do not understand or accept him. Holding the dead body of Katerina in his hands, Kuligin turns to the residents of the city with disappointment.

The play "The Thunderstorm" became the pinnacle of creativity of the great Russian playwright A.N. Ostrovsky. The tragedy, described in the play, takes place in the small town of Kalinov, freely spread out on the banks of the Volga. The main characters live in a state of conflict, the old order is shaken, a protest is brewing in society.
We meet Kuligin at the very beginning of the play. He is not the main character, but the author assigns him a very important role. This self-taught mechanic is a realist, but at the same time he is a dreamer and romantic. For the first time we see him sitting on a bench on the banks of the Volga. He wholeheartedly admires the beauty of nature and sings. "Delight! Miracles, beauty! The soul rejoices!" - says Kuligin to Kudryash and Shapkin walking. But they do not share his joy and are immersed in everyday problems.
In the "dark kingdom" of Kalinov, Kuligin appears as a good person. He is outraged by the foundations and customs of the city, he does not agree with the prevailing injustice. Kuligin says this about it, addressing Boris: "Cruel manners, sir, in our city, are cruel! Whoever has money, he tries to enslave the poor. Trade with each other is undermined ... They are at enmity with each other ..." morals, Kuligin replies: "How can you, sir! Eat, swallow alive." This is a manifestation of his indecision: "I really get it, sir, for my chatter." He avoids loud and decisive protest, and maybe even fears. Realizing that nothing can be changed, Kuligin advises "to please somehow."
On the other hand, Kuligin is a noble dreamer and romantic. He subtly feels the beauty of nature, reads poetry, sings, strives to make people's lives better, to broaden their horizons. Kuligin dreams of inventing a perpetuum mobile and getting a million for it, which he would spend on giving work to the philistine. "And then there are hands, but there is nothing to work."
He wants to make a sundial in the city park, for this he needs ten rubles and he asks for it from Dikiy, but meets a complete lack of understanding. Kuligin does not leave concerns about the safety of the city: "We have frequent thunderstorms, but we will not start thunderous branches!" To which Dikoy replies to him: "A thunderstorm is sent to us as a punishment, so that we feel, and you want to defend with poles ...". Only Kuligin alone has clear goals in life, but, unfortunately, he can change life in the city.
At the end of the play, when the dead Katerina is taken out of the Volga, Kuligin is the first to say to Kabanikha: "Here is your Katerina. Do with her what you want! Her body is here, take it; and now your soul is not yours; she is now before a judge who is more merciful than you. ! " After these words, he leaves because he can no longer be near these people.

In 1859 A.N. Ostrovsky wrote the play "The Thunderstorm", in which he raised the problem of a turning point in social life, the problem of changing social foundations, penetrated the very essence of the contradictions of his time, painted colorful images of tyrants, their way of life and customs. In opposition to tyranny, there are two characters - Katerina and Kuligin. This essay is devoted to the second.

Kuligin is a tradesman, a self-taught mechanic. In the first act, in a conversation with Kudryash, he appears before us as a poetic connoisseur of nature, Kuligin admires the Volga, calls the extraordinary view a miracle. A dreamer by nature, he, nevertheless, understands the injustice of the system, in which everything is decided by the rude power of power and money: "Cruel manners, sir, in our city, cruel!" - he says to Boris Grigorievich: "And whoever has money, sir, is trying to enslave the poor so that he can earn even more money from his free labors." Kuligin himself is not at all like that, he is virtuous and dreams of the well-being of the people: "If only I, sir, can find a perpeta-mobile! .., I would use all the money for society ..."

The next time Boris meets Kuligin in the third act on an evening walk. Kuligin again admires nature, air, silence. At the same time, he is upset that a boulevard has been made in the city, and people are not walking, he says that everyone has long locked the gates and not from thieves: “... but so that people do not see how they eat their household and tyrannize their family. And what, sir, behind these castles, the debauchery of dark and drunkenness! " Kuligin seems to be outraged by all the foundations of the "dark kingdom", but immediately after his angry speech he says: "Well, God bless them!" as if deviating from their previous words. His protest is almost mute, and is expressed only in objections, he is not ready, like Catherine, for an open challenge. On Boris's proposal to write poetry, Kuligin immediately exclaimed: “How can you, sir! Eat, swallow alive. I already get it, sir, for my chatter. " However, we should give him his due for the persistence and at the same time courtesy he asks Dikiy for money for materials for the sundial on the boulevard: “... for the common good, your degree. Well, what does it mean for society some ten rubles! God be with you, Savel Prokofich! I am not doing any rudeness to you, sir; You have a lot of strength, your degree; there would only be a will for a good deed. "

Unfortunately, Kuligin only stumbles upon rudeness and ignorance on the part of the Wild. Then he tries to persuade Savely Prokofich at least for thunderous bends, since thunderstorms are a frequent occurrence in their city. But having not achieved any success, Kuligin has no choice but to leave with a wave of his hand. dreamer protest tyranny society

Kuligin is a man of science who respects nature and subtly feels its beauty. In the fourth act, he addresses the crowd with a monologue, trying to explain to people in it that one should not be afraid of thunderstorms and other natural phenomena, on the contrary, one should admire them, admire them: “This is not a thunderstorm, but grace! ... one should admire and marvel at wisdom ... “But people do not want to listen to him, all of them, according to the old customs, continue to believe that all this is for trouble, that this is God's punishment.

Kuligin is well versed in people, capable of empathy and can give correct, practical advice - he perfectly showed all these qualities in a conversation with Tikhon: “You would forgive her, but you would never remember ... She would be a good wife for you, sir; look - better than any ... It's time for you, sir, to live with your own mind ... You must forgive enemies, sir! "

It was Kuligin who pulled the dead Katerina out of the water and brought her to the Kabanovs: "Here is your Katerina. Do with her what you want! Her body is here, take it; but now your soul is not yours; it is now before the Judge, who is more merciful than you!" After these words, Kuligin runs away, he experiences this grief in his own way and is unable to share it with the people who are the culprits of the poor girl's suicide.

Personally, I am very sympathetic to the image of Kuligin. He is like a certain white crow in the city of Kalinov, sharply differs from the rest of the inhabitants in the way of their thoughts, reasoning, values, aspirations. Kuligin realizes the injustice of the foundations of the "dark kingdom", tries to fight them, dreams of improving the lives of ordinary people. He thinks about the social reconstruction of the city. And perhaps, had Kuligin found at least a few like-minded people and material support, he would have been able to significantly change Kalinov in better side... This is what I like most about Kuligin - his striving for the well-being of the people.

Kuligin - a character who partially fulfills the functions of an exponent of the author's point of view and therefore is sometimes attributed to the type of a resonant hero, which, however, seems to be incorrect, since on the whole this hero is undoubtedly distant from the author, is depicted quite distantly, as an unusual person, even somewhat outlandish. In the list actors about him it is said: "a philistine, a self-taught watchmaker looking for a perpetuum mobile." The hero's surname transparently hints at real face - IP Kulibin (1755-1818), whose biography was published in the journal of the historian MP Pogodin "Moskvityanin", where Ostrovsky collaborated.

Like Katerina, K. is a poetic and dreamy nature (for example, it is he who admires the beauty of the Trans-Volga landscape, complains that the Kalinovites are indifferent to him). He appears, singing "Among the flat valley ...", folk song literary origin (to the words of A.F. Merzlyakov). This immediately emphasizes the difference between K. and other characters associated with folk culture, he is also a bookish man, albeit a rather archaic bookishness: he tells Boris that he writes poetry “in the old-fashioned way ... After all, I have read Lomonosov, Derzhavin ... The wise man was Lomonosov, a nature tester ... ". Even the characterization of Lomonosov testifies to K.'s well-readness in the old books: not a "scientist", but a "sage", a "tester of nature." “You are an antique chemist with us,” Kudryash tells him. "Self-taught mechanic" - corrects K. Technical ideas of K. are also an obvious anachronism. The sundial, which he dreams of installing on Kalinovsky Boulevard, dates back to antiquity. Lightning rod - a technical discovery of the 18th century. If K. writes in the spirit of the classics of the 18th century, then his oral stories are sustained in even earlier stylistic traditions and resemble old moralizing stories and apocrypha (“and they, sir, will begin a trial and a matter, and there will be no end to torment. here, but they will go to the province, and there they are already expected, but they splash their hands with joy ”- the picture of judicial red tape, vividly described by K., recalls stories about the torment of sinners and the joy of demons). All these features of the hero, of course, were given by the author in order to show his deep connection with the world of Kalinov: he certainly differs from the Kalinovites, we can say that he is a "new" person, but only his novelty has developed here, inside this world that generates not only their passionate and poetic dreamers, like Katerina, but also their "rationalists" -dreamers, their own special, home-grown scientists and humanists.

The main business of K.'s life is the dream of inventing the "perpetu-mo-bile" and receiving a million from the British for it. He intends to spend this million on the Kalinov society - "work must be given to the philistine." Listening to this story, Boris, who received modern education at the Commercial Academy, notes: “It's a pity to disappoint him! What a good person! He dreams of himself and is happy. " However, he is hardly right. K. is really a good person: kind, disinterested, delicate and meek. But he is hardly happy: his dream constantly forces him to beg for money for his inventions, conceived for the benefit of society, and it does not even occur to society that there can be any benefit from them, for them K. is a harmless eccentric, something- something like a city holy fool. And the main of the possible "patrons" - Dikoy, lashes out at the inventor with abuse, once again confirming both the general opinion and Kabanikhe's own confession that he is not able to part with the money. Kuliginskaya's passion for creativity remains unsatisfied; he pity his fellow countrymen, seeing in their vices the result of ignorance and poverty, but he cannot help them in anything. So, the advice he gives (to forgive Katerina, but so as to never remember her sin) is deliberately unfulfillable in the Kabanovs' house, and K. hardly does not understand this. The advice is good, humane, since it proceeds from humane considerations, but does not in any way take into account the real participants in the drama, their characters and beliefs.

For all his hard work, creativity of his personality, K. is a contemplative nature, devoid of any pressure. Probably, this is the only reason why the Kalinovites put up with him, despite the fact that he is different from them in everything. It seems that for the same reason it turned out to be possible to entrust him with the author's assessment of Katerina's act. “Here's your Katerina. Do what you want with her! Her body is here, take it; but now the soul is not yours: it is now before the Judge, who is more merciful than you! "

The play "Thunderstorm" - most significant work A. N. Ostrovsky. In it, he raises the most lively and quivering questions of his time, exposes colorful characters to the reader's judgment.

The list of characters in "The Groza" is small. These are the Kabanovs and the inhabitants of their house: the Wild Vanya family Kudryash, Shapkin, Kuligin and several secondary characters.

Kuligin takes a special place among the heroes. The reader gets to know him at the very beginning of the play. Kuligin's image immediately attracts readers' attention.

Kuligin is a tradesman, a self-taught watchmaker, but he knows how to feel beauty, he is poetic. Looking at the Volga, the hero exclaims with rapture: “This is an extraordinary view! Beauty! ”, And the fact that he has been contemplating the Volga every day for the past fifty years does not prevent him from enjoying its beauty. Kudryash calls Kuli-gin an antique, that is, a rare, extraordinary person. For the city of Kalinov, this hero is really an exceptional phenomenon. He compares favorably with many of the characters in the play, who will hardly ever appreciate the same beauty of the Volga landscape.

Of great importance for revealing the character of Kuli-gin are his monologues. Ku-ligin angrily attacks Kalinov's orders. His words about disdain for poor people, about cruel deception of honest workers, about squabbles between merchants who seek to harm a competitor by any means are filled with bitterness. The hero cruelly ridicules the inferiority of the inner world of the Kalinovka inhabitants, who come out onto the boulevard with only one purpose: "to show clothes." Kuligin does not spare the tyrants either: "They eat their household and hurt their family." According to the hero's conviction, the main goal of the life of the Kalinov tyrant is "to rob orphans, relatives, nephews, to beat up the family so that they would not dare to utter a word about anything he was doing there."

Kuligin has poetic talent. For him, the undoubted authority is Lomonosov, who emerged from the common people and, with work and diligence, paved his way to great discoveries. Kuligin is well-read. He can clothe his thoughts in a poetic form. But he lacks courage. “Eat, swallow alive,” he says.

Kuligin sees great potential among the people. He appreciates his skillfulness and regrets that the patronage has "hands, but nothing to work."

The hero is looking for a perpetuum mobile, but no one in Kalinov understands his aspirations, no one wants to support him. Kuligin passionately describes to Di-who all the benefits that can bring his ideas. He is trying to instill in the one who rips off the last kopeck from his workers the need to donate a certain amount "for society." The hero does not see that for the Wild this is all "nonsense", and Kuligin himself is no more than a worm that can be pardoned, but can be crushed. Kuligin believes in achieving his goals, he hopes for a miracle, that in the “dark kingdom” there will still be at least one “living” soul.

Boris turns out to be much more perspicacious than Kuligin, who, in response to the hero's words, only sighs: "It's a pity to disappoint him!"

In vain is the hero trying to explain to the "dark" Kalinovites both the "grace" of a thunderstorm, and the beauty of the northern lights, and the beauty of moving comets. He quotes Lomonosov with them, throws the precious bi-ser in all directions, not realizing that all this is in vain.

To Tikhon, the son of Kabanova, Kuligin says that his mama is "painfully cool", and Katerina is "better than anyone," and that at his age it is time to "live with your own mind."

Kuligin kind heart... To the disappointed Tycho-well, he says that it is necessary to forgive enemies, and when he finds dead Katerina, he throws words in the Kabanovs' face about their mercy to her.

According to N. Dobrolyubov, it was still impossible to rely on the kuligins who believed in the educational path of reorganizing life and trying to influence the tyrants with the power of persuasion. These people only logically understood the absurdity of tyranny, but were powerless in the fight against it.

A.N. Ostrovsky created in 1859 the play "The Thunderstorm" - a work in which the difficult issues of the turning point in public life, the change in social foundations were raised. Alexander Nikolaevich penetrated into the essence of the contradictions of his time. He created the colorful characters of tyrants, described their customs and life. Two images act in opposition to tyranny - Kuligin and Katerina. Our article is devoted to the first of them. “The image of Kuligin in the play“ The Thunderstorm ”is a topic that interests us. Portrait of A.N. Ostrovsky is presented below.

Brief description of Kuligin

Kuligin is a self-taught mechanic, a tradesman. In a conversation with Kudryash (first act), he appears to the reader as a poetic connoisseur of nature. admires the Volga, miraculously calls the extraordinary view that has opened to him. The image of Kuligin in the play by A.N. Ostrovsky's "Thunderstorm" can be supplemented with the following details. A dreamer by nature, nevertheless, this hero understands the injustice of the existing system, in which the rough power of money and power decides everything. He tells Boris Grigorievich that there are "cruel manners" in this city. After all, whoever has money seeks to enslave the poor in order to make more capital for himself from his labors. The hero himself is by no means like that. The characterization of Kuligin's image is exactly the opposite. He dreams of well-being for the whole people, strives to do good deeds. Let us now present in more detail the image of Kuligin in the play "The Thunderstorm".

Kuligin's conversation with Boris

Boris meets the character we are interested in on an evening walk in Act III. Kuligin again admires nature, silence, air. However, at the same time, he complains that the city has not yet made a boulevard, and people in Kalinovo do not walk: everyone has a locked gate. But not at all from thieves, but so that others do not see how they tyrannize the family. There is a lot behind these locks, as Kuligin says, "drunkenness" and "dark debauchery." The hero is outraged by the foundations of the "dark kingdom", but immediately says after an angry speech: "Well, God be with them!", As if deviating from the words spoken.

His protest remains almost mute; it is expressed only in objections. The image of Kuligin in the play is characterized by the fact that this character is not ready for an open challenge, like Katerina. Kuligin exclaims the proposal to write poetry, which Boris makes to him, that he will be "swallowed alive", and complains that he already gets it for his speeches.

Request to the Wild

It is worth giving Kuligin his due for the fact that he persistently and at the same time courteously asks Dikiy to give money for materials. He needs them to install a sundial on the boulevard "for the general benefit."

Kuligin, unfortunately, only stumbles upon ignorance and rudeness on the part of this person. Then the hero tries to persuade Savely Prokofich at least with thunderous bends, since thunderstorms are a frequent occurrence in the city. Unable to achieve success in this matter, Kuligin can do nothing more than leave with a wave of his hand.

Kuligin is a man of science

The hero we are interested in is a man of science, respecting nature, feeling subtly its beauty. In the fourth act, he addresses the crowd with a monologue, trying to explain to people in it that one should not be afraid of a thunderstorm or any others. One should admire and admire them. However, residents of the city do not want to listen to him. They live according to old customs, they continue to believe that this is God's punishment, that a thunderstorm is certainly a disaster.

The knowledge of people that Kuligin shows

The image of Kuligin in the play "The Storm" is characterized by the fact that this hero is well versed in people. He is able to empathize and give practical, correct advice. The hero showed these qualities, in particular, in a conversation with Tikhon. He tells him that enemies must be forgiven, and that one must also live with one's own mind.

It was this hero who pulled Katerina out and brought her to the Kabanovs, saying that they could take her body, but the soul does not belong to them. She now appeared before the Judge, who is much more merciful than the Kabanovs. Kuligin after these words runs away. This hero, in his own way, experiences the grief that has happened and is unable to share it with the people who are the culprits of this girl's suicide.

White crow

In Kalinov, the hero we are interested in is a white crow. The image of Kuligin in Ostrovsky's play "The Thunderstorm" is characterized by the fact that this character's thinking differs significantly from the way of thinking of other residents. He has other aspirations and values. Kuligin realizes that the foundations of the "dark kingdom" are unfair, tries to fight them, seeks to make better life ordinary people.

The hero we are interested in dreams of Kalinov's social reorganization. And probably, had he found material support and like-minded people, he would have been able to significantly improve this city. The desire for the well-being of the people is perhaps the most attractive feature that, together with others, constitutes the image of Kuligin in the play "The Thunderstorm".

AN Ostrovsky in the play "The Thunderstorm", written in 1859, showed the way of life and customs of the Russian provincial society of that time. He revealed the moral problems and shortcomings of this society, showing the main features of tyranny.

In his play, Ostrovsky took the action outside the family life into a wide sphere of publicity: on a city street, on a square, in a public garden, and surrounded the main characters with representatives of different strata of the population. One such "representative" is Kuligin, a tradesman, a self-taught mechanic, who socially opposes both the Wild and Kabanikha, because he does not accept Kalinov's cruel customs and, according to Dobrolyubov, Kuligin, like Katerina, personifies in the "dark kingdom" another life, with different principles. " True, Kuligin, unlike Katerina, softens the relationship between the "dark kingdom" and its victims. He preaches more patience and humility. So, for example, when Kudryash rebuffs Dikiy, Kuligin objects: "It is better to endure," and to Dikiy's threats he says: "There is nothing to do, you have to submit!" And Dikoy calls Kuligin a "worm". "Tatar", "robber", he wants to send this modest inventor "to the governor" and wants to refute knowledge with wild superstition. Kuligin is not a fighter; he defends his human dignity timidly, naively referring to the authority of Lomonosov and Derzhavin. He also naively believes in a perpetum mobile that will help downtrodden people to ease their lot. Kuligin cares "for the common good", he worries about the baseless fears of the townspeople, he himself is devoid of any superstitions. He is hurt by the darkness and ignorance of the Kalinovites, the customs of this city. Imeno Kuligin says: “Cruel manners, sir, in our city, cruel !. In the middle class, sir, you will see nothing but rudeness and naked poverty. "

Kuligin is a kind and delicate man, he dreams of changing the lives of the poor people of Kalinovka, having received an award for the discovery of a perpetual motion machine, but all his technical ideas are an anachronism for the 19th century. The sundial, of which he dreams, came from antiquity, the perpetum mobile is a medieval idea, the lightning rod is a technical discovery of the 18th century. He often looks funny, eccentric. For the Kalinovites, Kuligin is something of a local holy fool.

Kuligin is very sensitive to nature, in this sense he is a delicate person. His soul rejoices unusually beautiful landscapes, he is ready to compose hymns to nature. For example, in order to convey to the crowd his sense of beauty and harmony, he speaks about nature in the words of Lomonovsov6 “Well, what are you afraid of, please tell me! Now every grass, every flower rejoices, but we are hiding, we are afraid of what kind of misfortune! .. The northern lights will light up - we should admire and marvel at wisdom: "From the midnight countries the dawn rises!" and you are horrified and wonder whether it is for war or for the sea ... "

Despite Kuligin's weak protest against the "Dark Kingdom", the meaning of his remarks and monologues is an ideological commentary on what is happening, he is still the moral judge of the Wild, Kabanikha and all that they represent. It is not for nothing that in the last act of the play it is Kuligin who brings Katerina's body to the bank of the Volga and utters words full of reproach:

Here's your Katerina. Her soul is no longer yours: she is now before a judge who is more merciful than you!

Kuligin is the moral judge of the "dark kingdom", perhaps because some critics called him a "ray of light".

The city of Kalinov in Ostrovsky's play "The Thunderstorm" is a city that denies the interference in his life of innovations, progress, anything that is contrary to the measured, unhurried passage of time in it. Everything is the same there: the younger generation is afraid of the older, wives are submissive to their husbands, the main entertainment is going to church and to the market with one of the accompanying elders. There have never been cars here, everyone either swears or is afraid, here they sing only at night, because the elders will not approve of this sign of will. And even more so, here they will never want to help a person who wants to change this.

Changes are unacceptable, they interfere with the life that the Lord God himself gave to the blessed city of Kalinov. Big cities have long been controlled by the unclean, plunging into sin and offering their devilish innovations. This is the attitude of all residents of Kalinov to science and technology. Everything that is incomprehensible - from the devil, everything that challenges a peaceful existence - must be destroyed or simply not given a go.

Kuligin was not lucky to be born here. He is a gifted inventor, as they say, "from God", and he is not selfish, he is ready to work for free, if only people feel good, just to show that it is possible to live better. No wonder his surname is consonant with the surname of the famous Russian mechanic - Kulibin, by the way, who was also not fully understood, and many of his projects were never implemented, ahead of their time. Kulibin, for the most part, was forced to create what was then in demand: machine guns, toys with a secret, fireworks for large receptions. By the way, Kulibin wrote poetry, like his literary counterpart.

Kuligin was also ahead of his time that he would not budge in this small Volga town. His desire to help the Kalinovites runs into an obstacle - he is poor and is forced to ask for financial assistance from wealthy merchants for his projects, but whoever he turns to - everyone drives him away. Why would anyone make life easier, pay for the common good? Dikoy regrets even ten rubles for the lightning rods, although he simply didn’t cheat for the same ten rubles.

Kuligin wants to find a perpetuum mobile, a perpetual motion machine, and sell the invention for ten million in order to become independent and help hometown... He wants to be needed, wants to help, to change the life of the Kalinovites for the better, but his creations are not needed, like himself. Who are the Kalinovites in their bulk? Believers, people living according to the rules of the house building, whose life consists of deception in trade, bullying at home, going to church and to the market. Nobody expresses a desire to change the existing order of things.

Kuligin, a self-taught scientist, is the only person in the city of Kalinov who wants change. He sees everything and understands everything. Somehow he does not fit into the general course of Kalinov's life - he sings songs during the day, looking at his beloved Volga, and his soul is fully aware of the beauty of nature, a picturesque place in which he lives. But, however, his destiny is to fight the well-oiled mechanism of the Kalinov merchant life - and constantly be ridiculed and rejected. He has long resigned himself to reproaches and swearing, but day after day, having met a possible patron of the arts, he patiently explains the value of the proposed innovations.

He is an eternal supplicant, and his patience is a kind of protest against this life. Apparently, he is of the opinion that “a drop is hammering the stone,” and day after day, not being disappointed by another failure, he turns to merchants, again and again explaining the merits of a new invention.

He is an optimist and believes that the hour will come someday; Dikoy, perhaps, will get up on the same foot, his first invention will see the light of day, and everything will go as if on a knurled one.

He is very smart, he notices everything and understands everything. Perhaps he is the only one who fully understood and justified Katerina's act. He is sure that only God can judge her, not Kabanikha, Wild and others. Kuligin advised Tikhon to forgive Katerina, but Katerina decided everything herself - and committed suicide.

Katerina does not know, she wants him, the search for this led her to Boris, and then pushed her off the cliff. Kuligin, unlike her, knows that there is no way out. Only one rare patience, luck and luck. However, he is a patriot. He could find a benefactor in a big city, and there he would definitely be in demand - and he understands this. But he is not leaving. An outlet for him is admiration for his native places, he breathes fresh air from the Volga and waits for the changes that he feels with the approach of a thunderstorm.

Perhaps, in his lifetime, changes will take place in Kalinov. He's waiting. And he is the only one who has the moral right to condemn those who condemn Katherine. This drama is not only the drama of a traitor who resolved herself out of shame. This is a drama of all thinking people of that time, whose desire to change the world around them led them to sad consequences.

Maybe Kuligin will wait for his happy day and be able to change the life of the Kalinovites for the better. But the play ends with the death of Katerina, who tried to change her life. Perhaps Ostrovsky makes it clear that a lot of patience is needed - progress will come even to Kalinov. And then Kuligin will win. He had struggled with ignorance and greed for too long, unsuccessfully, to miss his chance. But Ostrovsky gives only a hint of this. And we can only guess.

Kuligin - character characteristics

Kuligin is a character who partially fulfills the functions of an exponent of the author's point of view and therefore is sometimes referred to the type of a hero-reasoner, which, however, seems to be incorrect, since in general this hero is certainly distant from the author, a rather detachment is depicted, as an unusual person, even somewhat outlandish. The list of characters says about him: "a philistine, a self-taught watchmaker looking for a perpetuum mobile." The hero's surname transparently hints at a real person - I. P. Kulibina (1755-1818), whose biography was published in the journal of the historian M. P. Pogodin "Moskvityanin", where Ostrovsky collaborated.

Like Katerina, K. is a poetic and dreamy nature (for example, it is he who admires the beauty of the Trans-Volga landscape, laments that the Kalinovtsy are indifferent to him). He appears, singing "Among the flat valley ...", a folk song of literary origin (to the words of AF Merzlyakov). This immediately emphasizes the difference between K. and other characters associated with folk culture, he is also a bookish man, albeit a rather archaic bookishness: he tells Boris that he writes poetry “in the old-fashioned way ... After all, I have read Lomonosov, Derzhavin ... The wise man was Lomonosov, a nature tester ... ". Even the characterization of Lomonosov testifies to K.'s well-readness in the old books: not a "scientist", but a "sage", a "tester of nature." “You are an antique chemist with us,” Kudryash tells him. "Self-taught mechanic" - corrects K. Technical ideas of K. are also an obvious anachronism. The sundial, which he dreams of installing on Kalinovsky Boulevard, dates back to antiquity. Lightning conductor - technical discovery XVIII ”Sw. If K. writes in the spirit of the classics of the 18th century "Sw., Then his oral stories are sustained in even earlier stylistic traditions and resemble old moralizing stories and apocrypha (" and they, sir, will begin the trial and the case, and there will be no end to the torment. they are being judged here, but they will go to the province, and there they are expected, but they splash their hands with joy ”- the picture of judicial red tape, vividly described by K., recalls stories about the torment of sinners and the joy of demons). All these features of the hero, of course, were given by the author in order to show his deep connection with the world of Kalinov: he certainly differs from the Kalinovites, we can say that he is a "new" person, but only his novelty has developed here, inside this world , generating not only its own passionate and poetic dreamers, like Katerina, but also its own "rationalists" -dreamers, its own special, homegrown scientists and humanists.

The main work of K.'s life is the dream of inventing a "perpetu-mobile" and receiving a million from the British for it. He intends to spend this million on the Kalinov society - "work must be given to the philistine." Listening to this story, Boris, who has received a modern education at the Commercial Academy, remarks: “It's a pity to disappoint him! What a good person! He dreams of himself and is happy. " However, he is hardly right. K. is really a good person: kind, disinterested, delicate and meek. But he is hardly happy: his dream constantly forces him to beg for money for his inventions, conceived for the benefit of society, and it does not even occur to society that there can be any benefit from them, for them K. is a harmless eccentric, something- something like a city holy fool. And the main of the possible "patrons" - Dikoy, lashes out at the inventor with abuse, once again confirming both the general opinion and Kabanikhe's own confession that he is not able to part with the money. Kuligin's passion for creativity remains unsatisfied; he pity his fellow countrymen, seeing in their vices the result of ignorance and poverty, but he cannot help them in anything. So, the advice he gives (to forgive Katerina, but so as to never remember her sin) is deliberately unfulfillable in the Kabanovs' house, and K. hardly does not understand this. The advice is good, humane, since it proceeds from humane considerations, but does not in any way take into account the real participants in the drama, their characters and beliefs.

For all his diligence, the creative principle of his personality, K. is a contemplative nature, devoid of any pressure. Probably, this is the only reason why the Kalinovites put up with him, despite the fact that he is different from them in everything. It seems that for the same reason it turned out to be possible to entrust him with the author's assessment of Katerina's act. “Here's your Katerina. Do what you want with her! Her body is here, take it; but now the soul is not yours: it is now before the Judge, who is more merciful than you! "

Personally, I am very sympathetic to the image of Kuligin. He is like some white crow in the city of Kalinov, sharply different from the rest of the inhabitants in the way of his thoughts, reasoning, values, aspirations. Kuligin realizes the injustice of the foundations of the "dark kingdom", tries to fight them, dreams of improving the lives of ordinary people. He thinks about the social reconstruction of the city. And perhaps, had Kuligin found at least a few like-minded people and financial support, he would have managed to significantly change Kalinov for the better. This is what I like most about Kuligin - his striving for the well-being of the people.

In the literature of the classical period, each character of this or that work performs a special function, the image was introduced for a reason. This applies to both main and minor characters... The same principles apply in dramatic works. For example, through the image of Molchalin in the Griboyedov comedy "Woe from Wit" the falsity and stupidity of the noble society of the 19th century is shown. But Ostrovsky's image of Kuligin in the play "The Thunderstorm" performs several other functions. When analyzing the characters of "The Storm", this hero should be given special attention. The playwright Kuligin from The Groza gave a more than memorable characterization.

Kuligin is not at all such a simple character as it might seem at first glance. The characterization of Kuligin in The Thunderstorm is a bit like the characterization of the Master from Bulgakov's novel. These are dreamy natures for whom the end result will not be happiness. Happiness for them is the path to this result.

Kuligin differs from Dikiy and Kabanikha, from Boris and Tikhon, even from Katerina. The role of Kuligin in the play "The Storm" is somewhat different. Of author's definition in the list of characters, the reader learns that Kuligin is a self-taught mechanic. That is, I learned everything myself. The image and characterization of Kuligin in The Storm is complemented by phrases from the replicas of other characters. Kuligin is 50 years old. In addition to his passion for mechanics, we can confidently speak of a high level of general erudition. He quotes Derzhavin and Lomonosov, which means that he read their works, in addition, we can talk about everyday wisdom: it is Kuligin who advises Tikhon to live his own mind, getting rid of the influence of his mother. There are many positive qualities in Kuligin. He is conscientious, as evidenced by his desire to earn honest work; his disinterestedness and sincerity are shown in conversations with Tikhon and Boris. By the way, his manner of communication differs from the habits of other residents of Kalinov. Kuligin gives advice, not orders. It does not at all have that unreasonable animal cruelty and anger that Dikiy and Kabanikha have. And there is no hypocrisy, like Boris, in Kuligin either. The mechanic is distinguished from Tikhon by the desire to do something, and from Katerina by the absence of active protest.

We meet Kuligin on the banks of the Volga, he is fascinated by the uniqueness of nature. Kuligin admires how everything breathes with life and beauty: “miracles, I must truly say that miracles! Curly! Here, my brother, for fifty years I have been looking beyond the Volga every day and I can’t see everything. ” In this phrase slips the lyricism with which Kuligin's soul is full. But what's next?

In the following actions, Kuligin talks about the "cruel customs" of the city of Kalinov. As if a guide, he says: “Look to the left, there, behind closed doors, there are many examples of family tyranny. And here, a little further, you can see how the greedy merchant deceives ordinary people and is rude to the mayor ”. Indeed, in fact, if we abstract from the bombastic words and expressions, Kuligin conducts for Boris something like an excursion about the life and customs of the city. At the same time, Kuligin himself behaves somewhat distantly. A man knows about how people live, he does not like this way of existence, but at the same time he himself is not going to change anything. Kuligin is incapable of the active protest that Katerina is capable of. Kuligin also cannot adapt and lie like Varvara. One gets the impression that Kuligin is not at all worried about the rudeness and threats of the Wild. The episode with the onset of a thunderstorm is a clear confirmation of this. Kuligin does not understand the fear of an ordinary natural phenomenon, so he suggests installing a lightning rod:

“Savel Prokofich, after all, this, your degree, is beneficial for all ordinary people in general.
Wild. Go away! What is the use! Who needs this benefit?
Kuligin. Yes, even for you, your degree, Savel Prokofich. "

Kuligin continues to insist on his own, even after the words of the merchant that Kuligin can be "crushed like a worm."

What aspects of character does this dialogue reveal? Firstly, Kuligin stands for the common good. The lightning rod will be useful for the residents of the city, but from a different point of view, it will allow you to implement the mechanics of some of your ideas. Secondly, in order to convince the merchant of the usefulness of such a structure, Kuligin fawns and behaves in the same way as those who came to ask the Wild for money.

Another feature is important for characterizing Kuligin from the play "The Thunderstorm": his dreaminess. After a conversation with Kuligin, Boris realizes that all the mechanic's dreams of a perpetu-mobile and other inventions are destined to remain only dreams. Kuligin needs to be constantly on the lookout, fantasizing about chimeras and the benefits that mechanisms can bring to society. It is difficult to imagine this character as a great or recognized inventor, if only because Kuligin is already 50 years old. That is, all this time, all his life, he studied mechanics on his own, but so far he has not achieved anything special. The image of Kuligin in The Thunderstorm cannot exist without connection with inventions and dreams about them. That is, without all these thoughts, Kuligin will simply lose his inner originality.
It turned out that people did not need his work, Kalinovites did not see any practical use in inventions. The situation with a lightning rod and electricity can be looked at differently. Kuligin wants to bring light to " dark kingdom”, But its inhabitants deliberately refuse education and progress.

There is an opinion that in the image of Kuligin from the play "The Thunderstorm" Ostrovsky wanted to show the sad situation of educated people of the 19th century, forced to live and survive in an atmosphere of outdated patriarchal orders.

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Test tasks based on the play by A.N. Ostrovsky "Thunderstorm"

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1. To what genre of literature does the play by A.N. Ostrovsky's "Thunderstorm"?

A) Tragedy

B) Drama

C) Comedy

2. What type of problematic determines the peculiarity of the play by A.N. Ostrovsky's "Thunderstorm"?

A) National

B) Adventurous

C) Ideological and moral

D) Philosophical

3. What was the name of Kabanikha?

A) Marfa Ignatievna

B) Maria Ivanovna

C) Marfa Kirillovna

D) Anastasia Pavlovna

4. What descriptions fit the image of Kabanova?

A) Calm, balanced, reasonable

B) Hysterical, unbalanced, scandalous

C) Rude, oppressive, ignorant

D) Silent, brooding, uncommunicative

5. Whose nephew was Boris?

A) Kabanova

B) Wild

C) Kuligina

D) Shapkina

6. Which of the critics called Katerina "A ray of the sun in the dark kingdom"?

A) A.N. Dobrolyubov

B) V.G. Belinsky

C) N.G. Chernyshevsky

D) D.I. Pisarev

7. What is the main problem raised by A.N. Ostrovsky in his play?

A) The problem of poverty and wealth

B) The problem of upbringing and education

C) The problem of fathers and children

D) The problem of the "little man

8. How did Katerina feel about her husband?

A) I loved very much, I just succumbed to an impulse of new feelings

B) Respected him and pitied him, but did not marry for love

C) Loved at the beginning of the relationship, over time, the feelings disappeared

D) Always despised, married to spite another

9. What event is the culmination of the piece?

A) Katerina's first date with Boris

B) Cheating Katerina

C) Katerina's suicide

D) Katerina's confession to her husband and Kabanikha about her sin

test 10. How do residents of Kalinov feel about such a natural phenomenon as a thunderstorm?

A) No one pays attention to her

B) Causes wild horror, because it was sent from above in the form of punishment

C) Are afraid of floods after rain

D) Rejoice in the future rain after a long drought

11. How did Kabanova feel about her daughter-in-law?

A) Disliked, but did not climb into family life own son

B) I loved like my own daughter

C) They often quarreled, but appreciated her opinion

D) humiliated, insulted, mocked her in every possible way

12. Who of the residents of the city of Kalinov was not afraid of a thunderstorm?

B) Kuligin

D) Shapkin

13. Who was the young girl Barbara?

A) the girl in the Kabanovs' house

B) daughter of the Wild

C) Boris's sister

D) sister of Tikhon, daughter of Kabanikha

14. What river flows near the town of Kalinov?

A) Volga

C) Yenisei

15. How did Tikhon Kabanov feel about his mother?

A) Communicated little, did not agree with her life principles

B) He often quarreled because he did not want to put up with her orders

C) Loved, but lived independently

D) I listened to her in everything, was afraid to contradict

16. Which of the heroes of the play owns the following words: “Why be afraid! Why be afraid! Are you crazy, or what? They will not be afraid of you, and even less so. What kind of order will it be in the house? "

A) Wild

B) Tikhon

C) Kabanikhe

D) Boris

17. What question bothered Katerina?

A) Why does not everyone marry for love

B) Why don't people fly like birds

C) How can she get rich

D) Why can't a person be always happy

18. What was Kuligin dreaming about?

A) Invent a perpetual motion machine

B) Marry Katherine

C) Expand your farm

D) Leave Kalinov

19. Why did Katerina decide to commit suicide?

A) I couldn't live without Boris

B) It was very ashamed in front of Tikhon

C) I could not forgive myself

D) I could not stand the scoffs of the mother-in-law

test-20. main topic plays by A.N. Ostrovsky "Thunderstorm":

A) The theme of family and marriage

B) The theme of the education of the new nobility

C) The theme of corruption of human nature

D) The topic of the relationship between man and nature

21. Which of the heroes of the play owns the following words: “How, girl, do not be afraid! Everyone should be afraid. Not that it is scary that it will kill you, but that death will suddenly find you, as you are, with all your sins, with all evil thoughts. "?

A) Kabanova

B) Boris

C) Barbarian

D) Katherine

22. Boris obeyed and obeyed his uncle the Wild in everything, because:

A) Loved and respected him

B) Considered the best example to follow

C) Dependent on him financially

D) I didn't want to upset my uncle

23. Which of the heroes of the play owns the following words: “You boasted that you loved your husband very much; I see your love now. Another good wife, after seeing her husband off, howls for an hour and a half, lies on the porch; and you, apparently, nothing "?

A) Katerina

B) Kabanikhe

C) Wild

D) Boris

24. Who was Barbara's beloved?

A) Curly

C) Shapkin

D) Kuligin

25. What punishment did Katerina offer to Kabanikha's son for treason?

A) Close in the basement

B) Leave for a week without food

C) Flog

D) bury living in the ground

26. Which of the heroes of the play owns the following words: “You listen! These are the stories that happened to me. Somehow about fasting, about great things, I was fasting, and here it is not easy and slip a peasant; I came for the money, carried firewood. And he brought him to sin at such a time! He did sin: he scolded him, he scolded him so much that it was impossible to demand better, he almost nailed him. Here it is, what a heart I have! After asking forgiveness, he bowed at his feet, really, so. Truly I tell you, I bowed to the peasant's feet. This is what my heart drives me to: here in the yard, in the mud, I bowed to him; bowed to him in front of everyone "?

A) Kabanova

B) Wild

C) Kuligin

D) Tikhon

27. What is the result of female beauty from the words of the lady?

A) to the wedding

B) to unrequited love

B) to loneliness

D) to destruction

28. How did Katerina's last meeting with Boris end?

A) Boris leaves Katerina alone and leaves, praying to God that she die as soon as possible

B) Promises to take Katerina to his place in Siberia over time

C) Refuses to go to Siberia, despite the fact that his uncle will leave him without money

D) Boris promises to make money and return to Kalinovo

29. What does Katerina Tikhon's husband regret at the end of the play?

A) That his beloved died

B) That I found Katerina late

C) Himself, because he remained to live in the world and suffer

D) That he could not influence his mother

test_30. How does the play by A.N. Ostrovsky's "Thunderstorm"?

A) The wedding of Barbara and Curly

B) Katherine's death

C) The return of Boris

D) Reconciliation of Katerina and Tikhon

Test Grade 10 Thunderstorm with answers - 4.0 out of 5 based on 2 votes