The poem "Mtsyri" is the fruit of an active and tense creative work Mikhail Yurievich Lermontov. Even in his youth, the poet's imagination painted the image of a young man on the verge of death uttering an angry, protesting speech in front of his listener "- the senior monk. In the poem" Confession "(1830, the action takes place in Spain), the hero, imprisoned, proclaims the right to love, The fascination with the Caucasus, the desire to depict situations in which the courageous character of the hero can most fully reveal itself, leads Lermontov, at the time of his highest talent, to create the poem "Mtsyri" (1840), repeating many verses from the previous stages of work over the same image.Belinsky V.G. Articles about Lermontov. - M., 1986. - P. 85

Before "Mtsyri" the poem "The Fugitive" was written. In it, Lermontov develops the theme of punishment for cowardice and betrayal. Short plot: a traitor to duty, forgetting about his homeland, Garun fled from the battlefield, not taking revenge on his enemies for the death of his father and brothers. But neither friend, nor beloved, nor mother will accept the fugitive, even everyone will turn away from his corpse, and no one will take him to the cemetery. The poem called for heroism, for the struggle for the freedom of the fatherland. In the poem "Mtsyri" Lermontov develops the idea of \u200b\u200bcourage and protest inherent in "Confession" and the poem "The Fugitive". In "Mtsyri" the poet almost completely ruled out the love theme that played such a significant role in "Confession" (the love of the monk hero to the nun). This motive was reflected only in a brief meeting between Mtsyri and a Georgian woman at a mountain stream. Belskaya L.L. The Motive of Loneliness in Russian Poetry: From Lermontov to Mayakovsky. - M .: Russian speech, 2001 .-- P. 163

The hero, overcoming the involuntary impulse of a young heart, renounces personal happiness in the name of the ideal of freedom. The poem combines the patriotic idea with the theme of freedom, as well as in the works of the Decembrist poets. Lermontov does not share these concepts: love for the motherland and thirst for will merge into one, but "fiery passion". The monastery becomes a prison for Mtsyri, the cells seem stifling to him, the walls are gloomy and deaf, the guards-monks are cowardly and pitiful, he himself is a slave and a prisoner. His desire to find out, "for the will or prison, we were born into this world" is due to a passionate impulse for freedom. Short days to escape are his will. Only outside the monastery he lived, and did not vegetate. Only these days he calls bliss.

Mtsyri's freedom-loving patriotism least of all resembles dreamy love for relatives beautiful landscapes and dear graves, although the hero misses them too. Precisely because he truly loves his homeland, he wants to fight for the freedom of his homeland. But at the same time, the poet sings with undoubted sympathy the young man's warlike dreams. The poem does not fully reveal the hero's aspirations, but they are palpable in hints. Mtsyri remembers his father and acquaintances primarily as warriors; it is no coincidence that he dreams of the battles in which he is. wins, it is not for nothing that his dreams attract him to the "wonderful world of anxieties and battles." He is convinced that he could be "in the land of the fathers, not the last daredevil" Although fate did not allow Mtsyri to experience the rapture of battle, he is a warrior with all his senses. He had been distinguished by severe restraint since childhood. The young man, proud of this, says; "Do you remember, in childhood I never knew tears." He gives vent to tears only during the escape, because no one sees them. Belinsky V.G. Articles about Lermontov. - M., 1986 .-- P. 98

The tragic loneliness in the monastery tempered the will of Mtsyri. It is no coincidence that he fled from the monastery on a stormy night: what frightened the fearful monks filled his heart with a sense of brotherhood with a thunderstorm. Mtsyri's courage and resilience is most strongly manifested in the battle with the leopard. He was not afraid of the grave, because he knew; returning to the monastery is a continuation of the previous suffering. The tragic finale testifies that the approach of death does not weaken the spirit of the hero and the power of his freedom-loving patriotism. The old monk's admonitions do not make him repent. Even now he would have "exchanged heaven and eternity" in a few minutes of life among his loved ones (verses that aroused censorship dissatisfaction). It was not his fault if he failed to become a fighter for what he considered his sacred duty: the circumstances were insurmountable, and he was in vain "arguing with fate." Defeated, he is spiritually unbroken and remains in a positive way of our literature, and his masculinity, integrity, heroism were a reproach to the fragmented hearts of fearful and inactive contemporaries from the noble society. The Caucasian landscape is introduced into the poem mainly as a means of revealing the image of the hero. Good D.D. Lermontov and Pushkin: Life and Works of M.Yu. Lermontov. - M., 1941. - P. 35

Despising his surroundings, Mtsyri feels only a kinship with nature. Imprisoned in a monastery, he compares himself to a pale typical leaf that has grown between damp slabs. Having escaped free, he, together with sleepy flowers, raises his head when the east is rich. Child of nature, he falls to the ground and learns how fairytale hero, the mystery of bird songs, the riddles of their prophetic chirping. He understands the dispute between the stream and stones, the thought of severed rocks eager to meet. His gaze is sharpened: he notices the shine of snake scales and the ebb of silver on the leopard's fur, he sees the teeth of distant mountains and a pale strip "between the dark sky and the earth," he fancies that his "diligent gaze" could follow the flight of angels through the transparent blue of the sky ... (The verse of the poem also corresponds to the character of the hero). Lermontov's poem continues the traditions of advanced romanticism, Mtsyri, full of fiery passions, gloomy and lonely, revealing his "soul" in a confession story, is perceived as a hero romantic poems.

However, Lermontov, who created "Mtsyri" in the years when the realistic novel "Hero of Our Time" was also being created, introduces features into his work that are not found in his earlier poems. If the past of the heroes of "Confession" and "Boyar Orsha" remains completely unknown, and we do not know the social conditions that shaped their characters, then the lines about Mtsyri's unhappy childhood and fatherland help to better understand the feelings and thoughts of the hero. The very form of confession, characteristic of romantic poems, is associated with the desire to reveal deeper - "to tell the soul." This psychologism of the work, the detailing of the hero's experiences are natural for the poet, who at the same time was creating a socio-psychological novel. The combination of abundant metaphors of a romantic nature in the confession itself (images of fire, fieryness) with a realistically accurate and poetically stingy speech of introduction is expressive. ("Once a Russian General ...") Belinsky V. G. Articles about Lermontov. - M., 1986 .-- S. 85 - 126

The romantic poem testified to the growth of realistic trends in Lermontov's work. Lermontov entered Russian literature as a successor to the traditions of Pushkin and the Decembrist poets, and at the same time as a new link in the chain of development of national culture. According to Belinsky, he introduced his own "Lermontov element" into the national literature. Briefly explaining what should be invested in this definition, the critic as the first characteristic feature of the poet's creative heritage he noted the "original living thought" in his poems. Belinsky repeated "Everything breathes with an original and creative thought." Russian literature of the 19th century: A large educational reference book. M.: Bustard, 2004 .-- S. 325

Pokotilo Alexander

A project for 8th grade students studying the topic "Poem by M.Yu. Lermontov" Mtsyri ". The task of the students is to answer the question" Is Mtsyri a romantic person? "

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Mtsyri as a romantic hero Completed by: 8th grade student Pokotilo Alexander

Hypothesis Whether the romantic work is perceived by modern readers.

Object of research Poem by Lermontov "Mtsyri"

The purpose of the project To identify real, believable traits in the character of a young mountaineer; Find out romantic, implausible features that do not correspond to the living conditions of the portrayed highlander.

Problematic questions: 1. What does it mean to "live" in the understanding of Mtsyri? 2. What role do pictures of nature play in Mtsyri's story? 3. What is freedom for Mtsyri? What has freedom given us now? Freedom in adolescents? The concept of freedom in the adult generation? Topicality of the poem. Fundamental question: Is Mtsiri a romantic person?

Research methods Theoretical - working with documents (search work) Practical - student survey Method of analysis - analysis of read articles, publications, essays

"What a fiery soul, what a mighty spirit, what a gigantic nature this Mtsyri has!" Mtsyri is a man thirsting for life and happiness, striving for people close and dear in spirit. Lermontov paints an exceptional personality endowed with a rebellious soul, a powerful temperament V.G. Belinsky

What does it mean to "live" in the understanding of Mtsyri? "The soul of a child, the fate of a monk", the young man was possessed by a "fiery passion" for freedom, a thirst for life, which called him "to that wonderful world of troubles and battles, where rocks hide in clouds, where people are free, like eagles." The boy wanted to find his lost homeland, to find out what real life is, "is the earth beautiful", "for the will or prison, we will be born into this world."

What is freedom for Mtsyri? Homeland for Mtsyri is a symbol of absolute freedom, he is ready to give everything in a few minutes of his life at home. Returning home is one of his goals, along with the knowledge of the world.

Choosing a romantic hero.

What role do pictures of nature play in Mtsyri's story? Nature is a great teacher. No artificial barriers could and will not be able to destroy what she laid in a person. No walls have stopped and will not stop the desire to learn about the world, to merge with nature, to feel as free as she herself. The best confirmation of this is the life of Mtsyri.

We conducted a survey on the questionnaire 1. Why did Mtsyri die? 2. What is Mtsyri's deathbed confession 3. What gave Mtsyri the desired freedom 4. How do you understand the word "freedom"? 5. Do you think your modern concept of freedom differs from the concept of freedom of Mtsyri? What's the Difference? 6. Imagine that it was you, and not Mtsyri, who managed to escape from the monastery. What actions would you take? 7. Can Mtsyri's actions be called heroic? 8. What do you think, are modern young people capable of crazy, but heroic actions? In total, 45 students took part in the survey.

A) fate-17 people B) God's will-11 people C) punishment for disobedience-12 people D) another opinion-5 Another opinion: 1. he died for the love of loved ones, for the sake of freedom; 2. he lived in captivity, and when he escaped, it turned out that the will for him is death; 3.because he loved nature and freedom, and not imprisonment; 4.because he could not live in captivity; 5. due to illness;

A) humility-7 B) repentance-12 C) protest against bondage-25 D) another opinion-1 Another opinion: 1.recollection of happy days at large

A) Three days of happiness-16 B) Trials and hardships-7 C) The opportunity to see another world-17 D) Another opinion-5 Another opinion: 1. to be alone with yourself; 2. to see freedom, its beauty, to pass tests; 3. freedom gave Mtsyri to live the real life of a free person; 4. to feel free, to be a part of nature, to be a part of your land; 5. to remember your loved ones;

Freedom is responsibility for yourself and your loved ones Freedom is love for your homeland, for your history (your people) Freedom is life without imprisonment Liberty, the right to choose and words, inviolability-4 Independence from other people-4 Freedom is when a person can do all that he wants, but must know the measure Freedom is when a person does not depend on anything or anyone-10 Freedom is when you do what you want, you go where you want-3 Freedom is to do as you tell heart-2 This is a free view of the world, freedom of voice, even some kind of independence-2 Freedom is a state of mental and physical peace. Happiness, life with a full breast, freedom of desires Freedom is an independent life, making independent decisions, responsibility-4 This is when you have a dream that you can fulfill Freedom is when a person is free in heart and soul.-2 This is true happiness As you understand the word "freedom"?

Yes-39; No-6;

Difficult to answer-8 people 1. I would enjoy the beauty of nature-2 2. I would like to see something new-2 3. I would not return to the monastery, even if I felt bad 4. I would probably be happy 5 I would find my home and enjoy freedom-15 6. I would run to my homeland at the call of my heart-10 7. I would go to people, try to live like all normal people 8. I would do whatever I wanted-3 9. I would find my relatives, I would apologize in front of people whom I offended 10. I would have gone like Mtsyri, not afraid of anything Imagine that it was you, not Mtsyri, who managed to escape from the monastery. What actions would you take?

Yes-39; No-5; Difficult to answer-1;

Yes-37 (but with reservations) No- 8

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Educational project "Mtsyri as a romantic hero"

Project theme M.Yu.Lermontov "Mtsyri"

the name of the project

Subject, group Literature grade 8

Brief annotation of the project

The project for 8th grade students studying the topic "Poem by M.Yu. Lermontov" Mtsyri ". The task of the students is to answer the question" Mtsyri is a romantic person? "This project is aimed at providing its participants with additional knowledge on the work of M.Yu. . Lermontov "Mtsyri". The goal of the project: to identify real, plausible traits in the character of a young highlander; to find out romantic, implausible traits that do not correspond to the living conditions of the portrayed highlander. Student research consists of the search and analysis of information on this topic. The project has educational and educational value. ...

Guiding Questions

Fundamental question:

Is Mtsyri a romantic person?

Problematic issues:

1. What does "live" mean in the understanding of Mtsyri?

2. What role do pictures of nature play in Mtsyri's story?

3. What is freedom for Mtsyri? What has freedom given us now? Freedom in adolescents? The concept of freedom in the adult generation? Topicality of the poem.

Study questions:

1. How are Mtsyri's striving for freedom, his love for the Motherland manifested in the monastery? 2. How are the leading character traits of Mtsyri revealed in the description of the three days of his life in freedom?

3. What is this "wonderful world of troubles and battles" that Mtsyri yearned for?

4. What impressed Mtsyri most of all by the impressions of three days in the wild, compared to life in a monastery?

5. Why are there so many descriptions of Caucasian nature in the poem?

Project plan

Stage 1. Organizational and preparatory

Drawing up a work plan

Formulating research questions

Selection of information resources for the project.

Creating a presentation for students.

Creation of didactic materials.

2. Stage Educational. Introduction to project issues

Revealing prior knowledge of the project topic.

Formulation of problematic and educational questions of the project, research topics. Research planning.

Discussion of possible sources of information.

Determination of the stages of work on the project.

Preparation of material for research.

Formation of knowledge, abilities and skills of work in WIKI.

Acquaintance with the criteria for evaluating works.

3. stage. Research

Research carried out within the framework of the project:

First question: What does it mean to "live" in the understanding of Mtsyri?

Second question: What role do pictures of nature play in Mtsyri's story?

Third question: What is freedom for Mtsyri? What has freedom given us now? Independent work. Researching. Collection of information.

4. stage. The final

- Project protection. Project results presentation.

Summing up the general results.

Project business card

1. Introduction ………………………………………………

1. Chapter 1. Mtsyri as a romantic hero

1. "Life" in the understanding of Mtsyri

1.2.

1.3. The role of pictures of nature in the story of Mtsyri ……………………….

Chapter 2.

2.1. Analysis of students' questionnaires ………………………………………… ..

1. Analysis of teachers' questionnaires ……… ..
2. Creative work ………………………………………………………………….

III. Conclusion …………………………………………….

Literature…………………………………………………

I introduction

Having got acquainted with Lermontov's poem "Mtsyri", in literature lessons, I decided to study and think over its content in more detail, to understand the actions of Mtsyri and his internal state. I also want to understand why "Mtsyri" is considered a romantic poem. Do the views on freedom of the young man Mtsyri coincide with our modern views? Carried away by fine art, I drew attention to the natural world described by Lermontov in the poem. It is these problems and questions that I will try to solve during the project.

II.Chapter 1. Mtsyri as a romantic hero

1.1 "Life" in the understanding of Mtsyri

As an epigraph to the project, I chose the words of VG Belinsky "What a fiery soul, what a mighty spirit, what a gigantic nature this Mtsyri has!"

Images of strong people, rebels and Protestants, at war with "heaven and earth", long years possessed the creative imagination of Lermontov.

He wants to live at the cost of torment

At the cost of painful worries

He buys the sounds of the sky,

He does not take fame for nothing.

Lermontov dedicated more than ten works to "Mighty Images". One of them is the poem "Mtsyri".

Lermontov tells about the fate of a six-year-old highlander boy who lived in the mountains of the North Caucasus and was captured by General Ermolov. Returning to his residence - Tiflis, Ermolov took him with him, but on the way the child fell ill. In Georgia, not far from Tiflis, in Mtskheta, the general gave the boy to the monks to be cured. In the monastery, no one calls him by name. He is mtsyri, which in Georgian means novice. He is of the Muslim faith, but he has been baptized and is being prepared for monastic tonsure. The monastery for Mtsyri is a prison. He dreams of returning to his homeland, of an escape. And one night, in a thunderstorm, Mtsyri runs away from the monastery. For three days Mtsyri tried to find his way home, but, having lost his way, returned to the monastery.

"They found him in the steppe without feelings And brought him back to the monastery." Once again in the monastery, Mtsyri dies. He cannot live in captivity after taking a breath of freedom. This is the main idea of \u200b\u200bthe poem. It is not for nothing that Lermontov took the biblical dictum as an epigraph for "Mtsyri", which means: "Having eaten, I have tasted little honey, and now I am dying." By "honey" Lermontov means freedom. Is a person free to dispose of himself, his life, should he unquestioningly obey the authorities?

Mtsyri is a person thirsting for life and happiness, striving for people close and dear in spirit. Lermontov paints an exceptional personality, endowed with a rebellious soul, a powerful temperament. Before us appears a boy doomed from childhood to a dull monastic existence, which was completely alien to his ardent, fiery nature. We see that from a very young age Mtsyri was deprived of everything that constitutes the joy and meaning of human life: family, loved ones, friends, homeland. The monastery became a symbol of bondage for the hero, life in it Mtsyri perceived as captivity. The people around him, the monks, were hostile to him, they could not understand Mtsyri. They took away the boy's freedom, but they could not kill the desire for it.

At the beginning of the poem, the author only outlines the character of the hero. Only slightly open inner world Mtsyri are the external circumstances of the boy's life. Talking about the "painful illness" of a captive child, his physical weakness, M. Yu. Lermontov emphasizes his endurance, pride, distrustfulness, "mighty spirit", which he inherited from his ancestors.

The agitated monologue of the dying Mtsyri introduces us to the world of his innermost thoughts,

secret feelings and aspirations, explains the reason for his escape. It's simple. The thing is that “the soul of a child, the fate of a monk,” the young man was possessed by a “fiery passion” for freedom, a thirst for life, which called him “to that wonderful world of troubles and battles, where rocks hide in clouds, where people are free, like eagles ". The boy wanted to find his lost homeland, to find out what real life is, "is the earth beautiful", "for the will or prison, we will be born into this world":

I've seen others

Fatherland, home, friends, relatives.

But I did not find

Not only sweet souls - graves!

Mtsyri also strove to know himself. And he was able to achieve this only in the days spent at large:

You wanna know what i did

Free?

Lived - and my life

Without these three blissful days

It would be sadder and darker

Your impotent old age.

1.2. The concept of "freedom" in the understanding of Mtsyri

During the three days of his wanderings, Mtsyri became convinced that a man was born free, that he "could have been in the land of the fathers not of the last daredevils." For the first time a world was revealed to the young man, which was inaccessible to him within the monastery walls. Mtsyri pays attention to every picture of nature that appears to his gaze, listens attentively to the polyphonic world of sounds. And the beauty and splendor of the Caucasus simply dazzle the hero, in his memory "lush fields, hills covered with a crown of trees growing all around", "mountain ranges, whimsical like dreams." Brightness of colors, variety of sounds, splendor of the infinitely blue vault in the early morning - all this richness of the landscape filled the hero's soul with a sense of merging with nature. He feels that harmony, unity, brotherhood, which he was not given to know in the society of people:

The garden of God bloomed all around me

Plants rainbow outfit

Kept traces of heavenly tears

And the curls of the vines

Curled up, showing off between: trees ...

But we see that this delightful world is fraught with many dangers. Mtsyri had to experience fear of the "threatening abyss on the edge", and thirst, and "suffering of hunger", and a mortal fight with a leopard.

Oh I'm like a brother

Would be glad to hug with the storm!

With the eyes of the clouds I followed

I caught it with the lightning hand ...

Tell me what among these walls

Could you give me in return

That friendship is short but alive,

Between a stormy heart and a thunderstorm? ..

“Already from these words you can see what a fiery soul, what a mighty spirit, what a gigantic nature this Mtsyri has! This is the favorite ideal of our poet, it is the reflection in poetry of the shadow of his own personality. In everything that Mtsyri says, he blows his own spirit, amazes him with his own power .. ", - V. G. Belinsky wrote about the poem" Mtsyri ".

Reading the poem, you feel “that the poet took colors from the rainbow, rays from the sun, shine from lightning, roar from thunder, roar from winds, - that all nature itself carried and gave him materials ...”.

Let's start with the statement that M. Yu. Lermontov's poem "Mtsyri" refers to romantic works. The main theme of the poem - personal freedom - is characteristic of the works of romantics. But the hero romantic works exceptional qualities are characteristic - love of freedom, proud loneliness, an unusually strong feeling of love for the motherland.

The image of Mtsyri is interpreted by the author in an unusual way. Mtsyri is devoid of external signs of exclusivity; this is a weak youth. The halo of enigma and mystery, titanic individualistic traits characteristic of a romantic hero, is absent in him. The very confession of the hero helps him to convey the slightest emotional movement as accurately as possible. He not only talks about his actions and deeds, but also motivates them. Mtsyri wants to be understood, heard. Talking about his motives, intentions, desires, successes and failures, he is equally honest and sincere in front of himself. Mtsyri is confessed not in order to relieve the soul or remove the sin for his escape, but in order to relive the three blissful days of life in freedom:

You wanna know what i did

Free? Lived - and my life

Without these three blissful days

It would be sadder and darker

Your impotent old age.

But romantic poems are characterized by the presence of an exceptional, contradictory personality, whose attitude to the surrounding world is ambiguous. The exclusivity and strength of Mtsyri are expressed in the goals that he sets for himself:

Long ago I thought

Take a look at the far fields

Find out if the land is beautiful

Find out for the will or the prison

We will be born into this world.

From childhood, being captured. Mtsyri could not come to terms with bondage, life among strangers. He yearns for his native aul, for communication with people close to him in customs, in spirit, strives to get to his homeland, where, in his opinion, “people are free like eagles” and where happiness and will await him:

I lived a little, and lived in captivity.

Such two lives in one,

But only full of anxiety

I would trade if I could.

I knew only one thought power,

One - but fiery passion ...

Mtsyri runs not from his own environment to someone else's in the hope of finding will and peace, but breaks with the alien world of the monastery - a symbol of an unfree life in order to reach the edge of the fathers. Homeland for Mtsyri is a symbol of absolute freedom, he is ready to give everything in a few minutes of his life at home. Returning home is one of his goals, along with the knowledge of the world.

Having challenged fate itself, Mtsyri leaves the monastery on a terrible night when a storm broke out, but this does not frighten him. He, as it were, identifies himself with nature:

"Oh, as a brother, I would be glad to embrace with the storm."

During the “three blissful days” spent by Mtsyri in freedom, all the wealth of his nature was revealed: love of freedom, thirst for life and struggle, persistence in achieving the set goal, unbending willpower, courage, contempt for danger, love for nature, understanding of its beauty and relics:

Oh I'm like a brother

Would be glad to hug with the storm!

With the eyes of the clouds I followed

I caught it with the lightning hand ...

The exceptional personality traits of the hero of romantic poems helps to reveal the presence love story in these poems. But Lermontov excludes this motive from the poem, since love could become an obstacle for the hero on the way to achieving his goal. Having met a young Georgian woman by the stream, Mtsyri is fascinated by her singing. He could follow her and connect with people. Finding himself in a situation that is very important for the romantic hero - in a situation of choice, Mtsyri does not change his goal: he wants to go to his homeland and, perhaps, find his father and mother. Refusing love, the hero chose freedom over her.

And one more test had to pass Mtsyri - a fight with a leopard. He emerges victorious in this battle, but he is no longer destined to go to his homeland. He dies in a foreign country, with strangers. Mtsyri was defeated in a dispute with fate, but the three days he lived in freedom personify his life, if it had been in his homeland. The hero of Lermontov's poem finds the strength to admit defeat and die, not cursing anyone and realizing that the reason for the failure lies in himself. Mtsyri dies, making peace with the people around him, but freedom remained above all for him. Before his death, he asks to transfer him to the garden:

By the glow of a blue day

I'll get drunk for the last time.

The Caucasus is also visible from there!

Perhaps he is from his heights

He will send me a farewell hello

Will send with a cool breeze ...

The poet's focus is on the personality of a lonely hero, his complex spiritual world... The author seeks to reveal the psychology of his hero ("tell the soul"). The manner of narration also corresponds to the creative intention. In "Mtsyri" the story is conducted mainly from the person of the hero. This is a confession poem.

M.Yu. Lermontov had to live in a very difficult time. It was an era of social depression and political reaction caused by the defeat of the Decembrists. These were the years about which A.I. Herzen, one of M.Yulermontov's contemporaries, wrote: “From the most tender childhood I had to acquire the skill to hide everything that worries the soul, and not to lose what was buried in its depths - on the contrary, it was necessary to allow everything that fell on the heart to ripen in silent anger ... one had to have boundless pride in order to hold his head high, having chains on his hands and feet.

M.Yu. Lermontov coped with this task brilliantly. Contemptuous pride (which he endowed with some of his heroes) was indeed one of the main features in his behavior. But this was not just an everyday character trait, but a completely conscious principle of behavior conditioned by historical time, when one had to hate for love, despise out of hatred. M.Yu. Lermontov's work is sometimes permeated with undisguised pessimism. But, like his contemptuous pride, Lermontov's pessimism was due to the era and grew on the basis of the poet's absolute confidence in the right to free expression of thoughts, feelings, opinions. That is why the theme of freedom became the main theme of his work, and the pathos of protest became his leading idea. By no means everything that M.Yu. Lermontov did was what he wanted to do, what he considered necessary. I wanted to live in Moscow, so I had to move to Petersburg. I wanted to study at the university, I had to go to the school of guards ensigns. I only wanted to be a writer, but I had to become a military man. Maybe this is why many see Mtsyri in Lermontov himself?

For writing "impermissible" poems ("Death of a Poet" - 1837) Lermontov was transferred to the Nizhny Novgorod Dragoon Regiment, which was stationed near Tiflis.

"The heroic world, in which war and freedom were so amazingly combined - the fighting Caucasus, which he (Lermontov) fell in love with as a child, again opened to him. And a diverse, new life, full of dangers and hardships, gave birth to wonderful designs in him."

1.3 The role of pictures of nature in Mtsyri's story

In a romantic work, the landscape occupies one of the main places. We affirm that M.Yu. Lermontov's poem "Mtsyri" is a romantic work. On the one hand, both man and nature are depicted by Lermontov in a traditionally romantic way: bright, exotic nature, indomitable and free, corresponding to the inner world of the protagonist, and the world of people - alien to the hero, taking away his freedom, dooming to physical death. In this one can see the influence of the then fashionable philosophy of a “natural man” facing the destructive force of civilization. But in Lermontov's poem it turns out to be impossible to return a person to the "natural" state. He is a representative of another, human, “kingdom” and can no longer live according to the laws of nature. That is, Lermontov's view of the relationship between man and nature is more contradictory and profound than the traditional one. So, man and nature are two special worlds that exist simultaneously in harmony and in confrontation, and this is one of the central themes of the poem "Mtsyri". A few years ago

Where it merged, they make noise,

Embracing like two sisters

Jets of Aragva and Kura,

There was a monastery ...

Peace, tranquility in these words. Even turbulent rivers flow, embracing, "like two sisters." Soon a boy was brought to the monastery, who ... was, it seemed, about six years old,

Like a chamois of the mountains, shy and wild

And weak and flexible like a reed.

Comparison with chamois makes it clear that this child will not take root in the monastery. Chamois is a symbol of freedom, free life. And yet Mtsyri gradually gets used to "captivity". “He already wanted to utter a monastic vow in the prime of his years,” but then an event occurs that changed the predestined life of the young man. Mtsyri cannot live in peace, he is sad for his homeland. Even the force of habit could not supplant the longing for the "side of one's own". He decides to escape. And it is no coincidence that he disappears from the monastery “on an autumn night”. For romantics, night is a symbol of a difficult, painful life of a person, lonely, deprived of friends and protection, a symbol of danger and enmity. The “dark forest” blocks his way to his homeland. Escape is a step into an unknown world. What awaits Mtsyri there? This is a "wonderful world of troubles and battles", which the hero dreamed of since childhood, into which he escaped "from the stuffy cells and prayers." Mtsyri, who came to the monastery against his will, strives to go to “where people are free like eagles”. In the morning he saw what he was aiming for: “lush fields. Hills covered with a crown of trees ... ”. Mtsyri perceives nature in a spiritual way. For him, trees are “brothers in a circular dance”, mountain ranges are “in the embrace of stone”. He sees in nature that harmony, unity, brotherhood, which he was not given to cognize in human society. The garden of God bloomed all around me;

Plants rainbow outfit

Kept traces of heavenly tears

And the curls of the vines

Curled up, showing off between the trees ...

Lermontov endows the hero of the poem with his own ability to subtly see, understand, love nature and in this find the joy of being. Mtsyri is resting after the darkness of the monastery, enjoying nature. This morning he met a young girl. Anyone who is able to understand the beauty of nature, knows how to appreciate and understand beauty in general, human in particular. Therefore, Mtsyri says that the young Georgian woman was "slender ... like a poplar, the king of her fields." She lived in a small sakla. The hero wanted to enter there, "but ... did not dare." He set out on a journey, because "he had one goal, to go to his native land in his soul." The mountains were his compass. Suddenly Mtsyri "lost sight of the mountains and then began to stray from the path." He was desperate. That forest, with the beauty of the trees, the singing of birds of which he enjoyed yesterday, was becoming "more terrible and thicker every hour." "With a million black eyes the darkness watched the night ...". This hyperbole conveys the horror of Mtsyri, who now found himself in a hostile element. The harmony of man and nature has been destroyed. The climax is the scene of a deadly fight between a man and a leopard. Mtsyri himself was “like a desert leopard, angry and wild,” as strong as a beast. In a moment of danger, he felt in himself the skills of a fighter that his ancestors had developed over the centuries. In this battle, the heroic essence of the hero's character is revealed with the greatest force. Mtsyri won and, despite the wounds, continued on his way. How scared he felt in the morning when he realized that he had lost his way and came “to the prison”. The natural world did not save a man, spoiled by the world of human society, by "civilization". According to Lermontov, a return to wild nature is closed to humans as a way of gaining freedom, the best human qualities that have been lost. So, Mtsyri's dream was not destined to come true. As soon as he “cognized the bliss of freedom”, he finished his life. The wounds from the battle with the leopard were fatal. But the hero did not regret what had happened. These days he lived a real, free life. After all, Mtsyri is a “prison flower” on which “the prison has left its seal”, so it does not stand up to the test. Nature is not only wonderful world, but also a formidable force, which is not easy to comprehend. It is interesting that all these three days of “freedom” between Mtsyri and nature there was no intermediary. In his misfortunes, he does not call on God, he seeks to overcome them himself. Mtsyri is dying. Nature is a great teacher. No artificial barriers could and will not be able to destroy what she laid in a person. No walls have stopped and will not stop the desire to learn about the world, to merge with nature, to feel as free as she herself. The best confirmation of this is the life of Mtsyri.

Chapter 2. A look at the poem "Mtsyri" through the eyes of the younger and older generations

After analyzing Mtsyri's actions, I asked myself: how do my peers and people of the older generation understand the actions of the hero in our time, after 180 years. An 8-question questionnaire was offered to students and adults. I would like to present the results of the survey to your court.

2.1. Analysis of student questionnaires

1.Why Mtsyri died a) fate-17 people

B) God's will-11 people

C) punishment for disobedience-12 people

D) another opinion-5

1. he died for the love of loved ones, for the sake of freedom;

2. he lived in captivity, and when he escaped, it turned out that the will for him is death;

3.because he loved nature and freedom, and not imprisonment;

4.because he could not live in captivity;

5. due to illness;

2.What is Mtsyri's deathbed confession:

A) humility-7

B) remorse-12

C) protest against bondage-25

D) another opinion-1

1.remembering happy days at large;

3.What gave Mtsyri the desired freedom

A) three days of happiness-16

B) trials and hardships-7

C) the opportunity to see another world-17

D) another opinion-5

1. to be alone with yourself;

2. to see freedom, its beauty, to pass tests;

3. freedom gave Mtsyri to live the real life of a free person;

4. to feel free, to be a part of nature, to be a part of your land;

5. to remember your loved ones;

4. How do you understand the word "freedom"?

1.Freedom is responsibility for yourself and your loved ones

2. Freedom-love for the homeland, for your history (your people)

3. Freedom is a life without confinement

4. liberty, the right to choose and words, immunity-4

5.independence from other people-4

6 Freedom is when a person can do whatever he wants, but must know when to stop

7. Freedom is when a person does not depend on anything or anyone-10

8. Freedom is when you do what you want, go wherever you want-3

nine. . Freedom is to do what your heart tells you to do-2

10. It is a free view of the world, freedom of voice, even some kind of independence-2

11. Freedom is a state of mental and physical peace.

12. Happiness, full life, freedom of desire

13. Freedom is an independent life, making independent decisions, responsibility-4

14. This is when you have a dream that you can fulfill.

15. Freedom is like a flight of the soul, complete freedom of action, thoughts. This is an alluring sweet feeling, you quickly get used to it.

16. Freedom is when a person is free in soul and heart. -2

17. This is true happiness

18. Freedom is a life without temptation, freedom from passions.

19. Freedom is when a person has a choice, he himself can choose how to live, speak, act

20. Live by conscience

21. Walk until you want to, do what you want

Yes-39; No-6;

1.Living in your native land

2.Freedom for Mtsyri - to see the world, not to depend on a person

3. Freedom for Mtsyri is to run away from the monastery and be yourself

Freedom for a free person is money

4. Freedom for Mtsyri is unity with nature-3

5. Freedom for Mtsyri is an opportunity to see another world (his Motherland) -4

6.For him, freedom was in everything outside the walls of the monastery

7 ... The modern generation needs freedom of speech more than thought

8. Duty to the country and family

9.For Mtsyri, freedom was the nature that he had never seen, but wanted to see

10. Now other customs

11.For Mtsyri, freedom is independence

12. Previously, life without sin was considered freedom.

Now the concept of freedom means the absence of physical deprivation

13. Freedom for Mtsyri to be at home, to see loved ones, to communicate with them every day.

Each person has their own freedom. Not depend on anyone

14.B modern world for us freedom is to be free, for others it is to be free from responsibility

15.In our time freedom is to have your own opinion

16.Formerly freedom of mind and action

Freedom in the modern world is an exemption from rights and responsibility

Difficult to answer-8 people

1. Enjoy the beauty of nature-2

2. I want to see something new-2

3.I would not return to the monastery even if I felt bad

4 probably would be happy

5 find my home and enjoy freedom-15

6.I would run to the homeland at the call of my heart-10

7 I would go to people, try to live like all normal people

8 I would do whatever I wanted-3

9 I would find my family, I would apologize to the people I hurt

10 I would go like Mtsyri without being scared of anything

Yes-39; No-5; Difficult to answer-1;

1.Mtsyiri is a rebellious hero who is looking for a way from captivity to his homeland-3

2 he was not afraid of anything and did crazy things

3 he strove for freedom, for that which is dear to him

4 he freed himself from captivity

5 he was brave and daring

6 he felt like a man, not a slave

7.He longed to see his home and heroically passes all the tests

8 he was willing to die to achieve his goal

9 I don't understand why he wanted to die if he loved life so much

10 Mtsiri is very courageous, for him it was a shame to feel pity

11 not all people have the courage to run away into the unknown and fight the leopard

12 he made his dream come true

13. This is not heroism, but the desire of the soul

Yes-37 (but with reservations) No- 8

1.Capable, but few of them, while others do for the sake of money-2

2. Sometimes, only when it concerns this particular person

3.One in a hundred

4.Only under the influence of a sense of courage, love

5. I believe that modern people are not capable of crazy actions, because they do not want this, they are used to living on everything ready

6 these acts are more insane than heroic

7. For the sake of relatives or your family, or because of love-3

8.Every time there are heroes ready for heroism, but their number is decreasing.

9.Only people who have no feelings of fear and pain

10. Very many modern people are greedy and cowardly, not everyone can stand up for family and friends, many people misunderstand what freedom is-4

11 young people have different thoughts and goals

2.2 Analysis of teacher questionnaires

1. Why did Mtsyri die? What is it:

A) Fate? -1

B) God's will? -5 (salvation from further life in captivity)

Q) Punishment for disobedience? -2

D) Another opinion-3

1.The languor of the soul in captivity, the meaninglessness of life in confinement

2 because of longing and loneliness

3 striving for freedom

2. What is Mtsyri's deathbed confession:

A) humility?

B) remorse?

Q) protest against bondage? -nine

D) Another opinion-2

1.The story of understanding free life

2 vague memories + dream of freedom

3. What did Mtsyri gain from the desired freedom?

A) three days of happiness-4

B) trials and hardships -2

C) the opportunity to see another world-2

D) Another opinion-3 (A, B) -3

4. How do you understand the word "Freedom"?

1. A person is free in his thoughts and in his choice

2. Freedom in the soul, in thoughts, in creativity, in faith

3 it's a brief moment of happiness

4.Possibility of choice

5. Freedom of the individual, the people. The ability to act on your own, actions without restrictions

6 a perceived need

7.Live in harmony with yourself and with the surrounding reality

8. Freedom is when a person does not depend on the surrounding society, when he is free from everything

9. Unlimited action

10. When the will of one person is not subjected to violence from another. Freedom is my actions, based on the ethics of the world around me.

11. Ability to live without hurting others.

5. Do you think your modern concept of freedom differs from the concept of freedom of Mtsyri? What's the Difference?

Yes- 8 No-3

1.For Mtsyri - the opportunity to see another world, for modern people - unlimited actions, thoughts

2. Freedom is always freedom. But there is also a perverse interpretation - permissiveness

3) young people often substitute lack of control for freedom

4 he sought physical freedom more

6. Imagine that it was you, and not Mtsyri, who managed to escape from the monastery. What actions would you take?

1 i wouldn't run away-2

2.I would return home to my loved ones-3

3. I would enjoy freedom, would strive to fulfill my dreams-2

4.Same as Mtsyri

5 i would feel free and go where no one can find me

6 travel the world

7 would act according to circumstances

7. Can Mtsyri's actions be called heroic?

Yes- 10 No-1

1.If fighting for your life is a heroic act, then yes

2.The desire to live life to the fullest, not hide

3.Living free, acting according to conscience, dreaming, loving - any person should have these qualities

8. What do you think, are modern young people capable of crazy, but heroic actions?

Yes-8 No-3

1.Capable of insane, but not always heroic

2.Able, but few

3.Most young people are positive

4. Another world, another reality. It is no longer fashionable to do crazy heroic deeds. Such actions do not really attract attention in our world.

2.3 Creative work

Mtsyri is a man thirsting for life and happiness, striving for people, close and dear in spirit. Lermontov paints an exceptional personality, endowed with a rebellious soul, a powerful temperament. Before us appears a boy doomed from childhood to a dull monastic existence, which was completely alien to his ardent, fiery nature. We see that from a very young age, Mtsyri was deprived of everything that makes up the joy and meaning of human life: family, loved ones, friends, relatives. The monastery became a symbol of bondage for the hero, life in it Mtsyri was perceived as captivity. The people around him - monks - were hostile to him, they could not understand Mtsyri, taking away the boy's freedom, but they could not take away the desire for it. And one night in a thunderstorm Mtsyri runs away from the monastery. Mtsyri runs not from his own environment to someone else's, in the hope of finding will and tranquility, but breaks with the alien world of the monastery, a symbol of an unfree life, in order to reach his native land. Homeland for Mtsyri is a symbol of absolute freedom, he is ready to give everything in a few minutes of his life at home. Returning to his homeland, knowing the world are the goals of the young man. For three days Mtsyri tried to find his way home, but, having lost his way, returned to the monastery:

They found him unconscious in the steppe,

And again they brought it to the monastery.

Once again in the monastery, Mtsyri dies. He cannot live in captivity after taking a breath of freedom.

III. Conclusion

As can be seen from the answers, the respondents were especially interested in the timely concept of freedom, the interpretation of Mtsyri's actions and psychological experience - to feel in the role of Mtsyri.

It is clearly seen that the modern concept of freedom differs significantly from freedom for Mtsyri, for a romantic hero. Of course, this is a philosophical question, but it is no secret that the modern pragmatic lifestyle of our society has changed the perception of the world, and the life priorities of a modern person are significantly different from romantic ones.

The same can be said about the interpretation of Mtsyri's actions. Many mark them as heroic, but complain that modern youth is incapable of them.

Versatility of answers to the question “Imagine that it was you, and not Mtsyri, who managed to escape from the monastery. What actions would you take? " emphasizes the individuality of each and understanding the actions of the hero through the prism of his character, his views on life, his psychological and physical characteristics.

The conclusion suggests itself that the poem does not find a response in the souls of readers, the hero of Mtsyri is not close modern people, and his actions are not clear to them? I fundamentally disagree. It is the motley picture of reviews, sincere and thoughtful answers of the respondents that show how deeply modern readers of different ages are imbued with understanding the poem, empathy with the hero, how subtly they felt the pain and loneliness of Mtsyri. This once again emphasizes that Lermontov's work is modern, it does not leave anyone indifferent, makes readers think about fate, the meaning of life, about such eternal and unshakable values \u200b\u200bas family, homeland, life.

You involuntarily understand how sometimes human grievances and discontent are stupid, how petty quarrels and envy, how insignificant everyday vanity and how great the price of life is, how invaluable the happiness of living in a family and having friends, what a great gift is the opportunity to love and be loved.

So, during the project, I proved that the poem is romantic in nature, and Mtsyri himself is a romantic person. Studies have shown that Lermontov's poem is an imperishable work of Russian literature, capable of exciting the minds of readers, it makes you think about the meaning of a person's life and does not leave anyone indifferent.

In the course of work on the project, I achieved personal results: I learned more information about the author and about the creation of the poem, understood the content of the poem in a different way, thought about the meaning of life and the role of actions in it, imbued with the description of the nature of the Caucasus, which in turn influenced my artistic experiences - illustrations for the poem.

In almost every of his works, the famous Russian writer Lermontov tried to take into account the experience of Byron and not just experience, but a creative approach to work. Of course, many may ask the question, who is this? But, just not those who are familiar with the poet's work. After all, people who are well acquainted with the work of Mikhail Yuryevich know that this man has been his idol for a very long time. That is why, almost every hero can be spoken of as Byronic heroes. Let's, nevertheless, be clear and say that the Byronic hero is actually a romantic image with the highest qualities, a rebel hero with a natural nature and a difficult fate.

This is a person who tries to live an honest life, not succumbing to any circumstances of fate.

Experts and critics in the field of literature are sure that it was precisely these qualities that attracted Lermontov so much, because he himself was such a character by nature.

The romantic hero "Mtsyri" was no exception, whom Lermontov, with all his authorial powers, tried to make the ideal of a romantic hero.

We learn about the life of the main character of this work, as it were, firsthand, since the writer chose confession as a form of narrating this work.

It is worth noting that confession is the most popular romantic style genre. It will also be important to consider the fact that confession is usually filled with tragic fate... Our hero is no exception, it is his tragic and to some extent unfair fate that attracts the author, and the author is also attracted by the hero's frankness. He honestly and truthfully tells his whole life, as if cleansing his soul from suffering and torment that tormented him for so many years.

Oddly enough, but it is romanticism that attracts a large number of readers, because it is so lacking in everyday life.

In the 18th and 19th centuries, romanticism was developing in full swing in Russia, which replaced classical traditions. If before that literary works were aimed at developing the social side, and I wanted to show a certain ideal of the device, then for the romantic side, something completely different becomes the main thing. In the work of such writers, it is mainly the person himself, his thoughts, goals, how he lives, and what he thinks about.

Romantics are confident in their beliefs that any person is unique and special, and he himself is primarily the main value, therefore writers try to draw attention to the feelings and experiences of their heroes. Thus, a character full of romanticism is created, and precise literary rules are created very quickly, which our famous writer did not exclude.

The life of Mtsyri, or rather about its main points, can be learned from him, since Mikhail Yuryevich Lermontov chose the form of confession for his poem. Indeed, such a genre very well helps to reveal the whole essence of the human soul, and the work itself comes out colorful and bright. Mtsyri lives in an unusual place, in a monastery in the Caucasus. This place at that time was considered quite unusual, where there is liberty and free thought.

The very character of the hero is visible even in how little is allocated to what the young man's life was like before he got to the monastery, everything is very brief and concise. Staying in a monastery is a secret, very characteristic of such poems. When he was still a child, he was captured. He was captured by a Russian general and settled in a monastery, where young Mtsyri lived for many years. But the young man is not an ordinary monk, he has a completely different character, he rebelles from such a life. He cannot forget his native land, abandon the place where he was born and where he certainly wants to return at any cost.

How long did our hero think about his escape? After all, it goes without saying that the monks did not think to harm him, to cause any harm. But the way they live, this is all alien to a young man, since he wants a completely different world for himself and for his sake can go to any risky business. He's running - it's a rebellion against the rules. As the work shows, this happened during a stormy stormy night, when the clergy pray that God would stop being angry with them. For a young man, thunderstorms are a joy, he wants to join the stream of stormy elements and become free!

Several interesting compositions

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  The narrator in the work is one of actors, although he gives little information about himself. According to the plot, he is a young Russian guy, handsome, strong, working in the grape harvest in Bessarabia

• The system of images in the play Groza Ostrovsky composition

  All the heroes of the play "The Thunderstorm" are residents of the fictional city of Kalinov. The main characters are members of the Kabanov family.

Primitive people, like animals, were afraid of fire. But the process of evolution led to the fact that they understood: it is good to warm up by the fire and meat baked on it tastes better.

• Composition based on Levitan's painting Fresh Wind. Volga

  Painting “Fresh Wind. Volga "was painted by the famous Russian painter I.I. Levitan in 1895. This picture is one of the artist's best works, despite the fact that its creation was not easy for Levitan.

• Composition Image of Bazarbai in the story of Plakh Aitmatov

  Bazarbai is a character in the novel "Plakha". The complete opposite of Boston. A complete drunkard and freeloader. Full name this character is Bazarbai Noigutov.

- a work written by Lermontov. It introduces us to the young novice Mtsyri, who was imprisoned in the walls of the monastery against his will. This monastery became a prisoner for the freedom-loving resident of Georgia.

Mtsyri romantic hero essay

Expanding the topic, one should answer in general about who in the literature of the turn of the 19th century could be considered a romantic hero. This is a person with an unusual destiny, a person with sincere and high feelings, who could be a rebel against the prevailing circumstances. This is a person endowed with the best qualities of a human character, a person with a bright soul.

What traits of a romantic hero are inherent in Mtsyri and why is Mtsyri a romantic hero?

Getting acquainted with the work and its hero, who has ended up in a world alien to him, in the world of obedience and prohibitions at a time when a guy's soul demands freedom, we are always convinced that Mtsyri is a romantic hero. He is endowed with determination, courage, courage. In the work itself, there are no or very few romantic moments. For example, we see only one meeting of the hero with an unknown girl, when his heart beat faster. The poem is still written in the spirit of romanticism, and Mtsyri is the romantic hero of the poem, who could not live in captivity and fled from the monastery. He ran and only when free saw all the beauty of the surrounding world and could breathe deeply. Some three days of wandering seemed to him like eternity and paradise. The meeting with the leopard, where the young man faced the animal in a duel, did not frighten him, because it was outside the monastery that he found the desired freedom.

It is a pity that Mtsyri could not find his way home, and after three days of wandering, he again fell into the walls of the monastery. It is a pity that our hero is dying. But I am glad that he was able to achieve his goal, and his death was only the final release from imprisonment. Mtsyri became free forever.

At the turn of the 18-19th centuries, a romantic tradition developed in Russia, which replaced classicism. If the previous literary movement focused on the development of society and sought to describe the ideal world order, then for romanticism something completely different becomes important. In the works of romantics, a person, his inner world, aspirations and feelings come out on top. Romantic writers strongly believe that everyone is exceptional and of primary value, so they shift their focus to portraying feelings and experiences. This is how a romantic hero appears, for whose image quite clear literary canons are soon formed.

The first rule of romanticism is like literary direction becomes an image of an unusual hero in unusual conditions. As a rule, romantic writers choose an atypical setting for their works: a forest, mountains, a desert, or some old castle. An unusual hero with all the best human qualities is placed in a mysterious place: he is handsome, proud and noble. He is better than the people around him and with all this causes their dislike. Hence follows the second condition: the opposition of the hero and society, the hero and the surrounding reality. The romantic hero is always in opposition, because he perfectly sees the imperfection of the world and, due to his moral purity, does not want to put up with it. This is what builds romantic conflict... Another prerequisite for the literature of romanticism is a detailed description of the hero's thoughts. For this, the form of a diary, lyrical monologue or confession is chosen.

The heroes of the works of M. Lermontov can serve as a classic example of a romantic hero in the works of Russian writers. These are Pechorin and Arbenin, Demon and Mtsyri ... Consider Mtsyri as a romantic hero.

Mtsyri as a romantic hero

In his works, Lermontov took into account the creative experience of Byron, who was his idol for many years, which is why one can speak of Lermontov's heroes as Byronic heroes. Byronic hero Is a top quality romantic hero rebel hero with a fiery nature. No circumstances can break him. These qualities especially attracted Lermontov, and it is these qualities that he writes out in his characters with special care. Such is the romantic hero Mtsyri, who can be called the ideal of the romantic hero.

We learn about the life of Mtsyri, or rather about its key moments, at first hand, since Lermontov chose the form of confession for the poem. This is one of the most popular genres of romanticism, as confession allows you to open the depths of the human soul, making the story both emotional and sincere. The hero was placed in an unusual place: in a monastery in the Caucasus, and the Caucasus for a Russian at that time seemed a very exotic land, a center of liberty and free thought. The features of the romantic hero "Mtsyri" can be traced in how little the reader is told about the hero's previous life - just a few scant phrases about his childhood. His life in the monastery is shrouded in mystery so characteristic of romantic works. Little Mtsyri was taken prisoner by a Russian general and brought to the monastery, where he grew up - that's what the reader knows. But Mtsyri himself is not an ordinary monk, he has a completely different character, by his nature he is a rebel. He was never able to forget his homeland and abandon it; he longs for real life and is ready to pay any price for it.

Was it easy for Mtsyri to decide to escape from a peaceful existence in his cell? Obviously, the monks who cured and raised Mtsyri did not wish him ill. But their world cannot become Mtsyri, since it was created for another life. And in her name, he is ready to take risks. In accordance with the romantic tradition, life in a monastery and life outside of it is contrasted here, with the former symbolizing the lack of freedom and constraint of the human person, while the latter is an ideal life. It is to her that Mtsyri, born for freedom, strives. His escape is a rebellion against traditions, it is indicative that it takes place on a stormy stormy night, when monks are supposed to pray, fearing "the wrath of God." For Mtsyri, the thunderstorm causes delight, the desire to intermarry with the rebellious element: "I, like a brother ...". The hero's sincerity defeats in him ostentatious monastic humility - Mtsyri is free.

The tragedy of Mtsyri

The romantic hero is almost always doomed to defeat in the struggle against the world, since this struggle is unequal. His dreams, as a rule, do not come true, and life ends early. In this, the romantic hero of Lermontov's poem "Mtsyri" turns out to be an exception: he still managed to realize part of his dream and breathe the air of freedom. It is another matter that, as the epigraph to the poem tells us, he "tasted little honey", and freedom was given to him for only three days - but the more vividly they will experience this time. Mtsyri is happy with his merger with nature. Here, memories of his family, his native village and a happy childhood come back to him. Here his blood wakes up, the blood of the warlike mountaineers, and he is capable of feats. During the battle with the leopard, Mtsyri appears before the reader as a brave warrior, fully aware of his strength and knowing how to use it. He is beautiful, like the wild nature around him: he is a part of it and its child.

But Lermontov could not rightfully be called a great romantic poet if he turned his poem into a happy fairy tale. Mtsyri was defeated by circumstances, he was wounded and brought back to his cell. Freedom only beckoned him, but his main dream: to return to his homeland, to the distant free Caucasus, did not come true. And, if you think about it, it was not at all feasible, because no one was waiting for him there. The close Mtsyri have long been dead, the house has been destroyed, and he would have turned out to be exactly the same stranger in his home as in the monastery. This is where the true romantic tragedy is manifested: the hero is completely excluded from this world and is equally alien to everyone in it. Perhaps happiness awaits him only beyond the bounds of his life, but Mtsyri does not want to give up. He would willingly exchange “Paradise and Eternity” for a few minutes at home. He dies unbroken and his last gaze is turned to the Caucasus.

The image of Mtsyri is the image of a romantic hero with a deeply tragic history, which has rightfully been loved by many generations of readers. "... You see what a fiery soul, what a mighty spirit, what a gigantic nature this Mtsyri has!" - this is how the critic Belinsky spoke about him, and the critic's words really fully characterize the hero. Years go by, literary trends change, the romantic tradition is long gone, but the image of Mtsyri still inspires heroic deeds and awakens love for the most valuable: life and homeland.

The given image of the romantic hero of the poem and a description of his features will be useful to pupils of grade 8 when searching for materials for an essay on the topic "Mtsyri as a romantic hero of Lermontov's poem"

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