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For friends!

reference

Museum or "muséon" - the word greek origin, translated as "temple of the muses". In this temple, the ancient Greeks collected everything that they considered valuable: paintings, statues, astronomical equipment, books, stuffed animals, medical instruments, anatomical busts and other items of enlightenment. Among this variety, one could easily get lost. To help visitors find this or that exhibit, a special person has appeared in the museum - a curator.

One century succeeded another, the number of valuable items increased. For convenience, museum exhibits were distributed according to eras, geographic location and purpose. The profession of the guardian also changed, new responsibilities appeared. Now the museum curator not only knew what this or that exhibit was for, but could also tell visitors about what it meant for its time, what scientific discoveries helped to commit. In other words, the museum worker has become a guide not only through the museum, but also into history. cultural heritage humanity.

Description of activities

It doesn't matter where you go - a local history museum, a military museum or a museum fine arts- everywhere you are the first to be met by a museum worker. The image of the museum depends on the employee's appearance, his ability to maintain a friendly atmosphere and smooth out conflict situations. Therefore, students who study must attend master classes on creating an image, participate in trainings on conflict resolution.

The museum worker does not get bored. The list of duties usually depends on which level of the museum he serves. There are very small museums that literally occupy one room, and there are whole galleries and museum complexes. In large storage facilities, a whole army of employees works:, exhibition organizers,. In museums, all these specialists are replaced by one person - a museum worker.

Employees of large museums, especially state ones, speak several foreign languages. If you have ever visited museums in Moscow and St. Petersburg, you have probably seen that tours are offered in various languages \u200b\u200b- from English to Chinese.

Wage

average for Russia:average in Moscow:average in St. Petersburg:

Features of career growth

A museum employee must keep up with the times: study the possibilities of information technology, computer programs and applications that are actively used in museum business. It is important to constantly work on your memory, erudition, travel and visit museums in other cities, countries, gain experience. Institutions additional education regularly conduct refresher courses for museum workers.

Russia is a huge country! There are many cities and towns, towns and villages in it. Almost every city has its own museum - a museum of local history, art, a museum of folk crafts or some other. When an excursion is going to the museum, a guide leads through the halls.

So, in the Museum of History and Local Lore, the guide acquaints tourists with the history of the region, the most striking events settlement, talks about wonderful peoplewho made this place famous.

The guide tells about how people lived in these places before, many years and even many centuries ago.

In the local history part of the museum, visitors get acquainted with the landscape, climate, flora and fauna of these places. The guide tells about birds, animals, fish.

In a word, people who come to the museum receive a large amount of new information, learn about those events with which they were not previously familiar. But a person needs information, it is his spiritual food! It enriches the soul, develops thinking, expands the idea of \u200b\u200bthe Motherland and the world in general.

Tour guide profession - very interesting! The guide must know a lot, read modern and old books, be aware of all events related to the history of the city and the entire region. In addition to deep knowledge, he needs passion, the ability to communicate with people, answer their many questions, always be friendly and polite.

If the guide is an enthusiastic person, his story leaves a deep impression on the tourists, and many exhibits will be remembered for a lifetime!

Other specialists work in museums: scientists, restorers. Scientists are preparing exhibitions of rare things. Restorers work concentratedly in the workshops, putting in order museum curiosities and rarities *.

Listen to the poem.

Historical Museum

We visited today

In the historical museum.

The past was gray-haired

We saw clearer.

We learned about the princes

About kings, heroes.

We learned about the battles

About popular unrest.

We learned about the victories

What our grandfathers did.

The guide told

About our great people!

Answer the questions

♦ Is there a museum in your city?

♦ What is it called?

♦ Have you visited him?

♦ What did you particularly like and remember there?

♦ Who works in the museum?

♦ What is the job of a tour guide? Scientists? Restorers?

Who we don't see when we arrive at the museum

There are 10 days left until the Night of Museums, the most nervous and hectic night for all museum workers of the year. Trud looked at whether it was easy to work in a museum.

“It's a hectic job every day of the year,” says former employee Tretyakov Gallery and the Historical Museum Vladimir Gulyaev. - A museum worker is always busy with the fact that either verifies the movement of exhibits, or fills out the book of new exhibits.

Description of a museum exhibit is a long and laborious procedure, it is needed so that in the event of a loss, and then a find, it would be possible to identify the object. Imagine how to describe a Scythian figurine so as not to confuse it with another? Or a Qin Dynasty porcelain plate? Or the sword of the crusaders?

Higher education only

Most often, museum workers are graduates of art history departments of humanitarian universities or history departments of large universities and pedagogical institutes. They need to know the specifics of the culture different countries and eras, to be able to distinguish the original from the copy. Among museum workers there are those who studied technical expertise in universities and know the peculiarities of canvases and paints, can tell about how they change over time.

Each museum researcher specializes in a certain period or even a person. “All my life I have been studying the history of the Decembrist uprising and the fate of the Decembrists,” says Anna Leonidovna from Moscow. But a narrow specialization does not interfere with an employee, and driving excursions is an additional income, albeit quite small. In different regions, a guide can receive from 100 to 1000 rubles for a tour. Those who know a foreign language and can work with foreigners get the most. “That is why there are many foreign language graduates among the guides. Especially in the cities of the Golden Ring - Suzdal, Rostov, Pereslavl-Zalessky, ”summarizes the guide Ksenia from Rostov.

Work for an idea

Most museums recruit older people, most often retired people, for the position of caretakers. Often these are former teachers in schools. The salary of such workers is the smallest - it rarely exceeds 8 thousand rubles a month.

Opening hours: 2/2 or five days a week, but always on weekends, because museums are open for six days. The day off is on weekdays, as there are most visitors on Saturday and Sunday.

Employees of the fund department, where the exhibits are kept, start working a little later. Their salary is 10-15 thousand rubles per month, depending on the academic titles of the employee and the length of service. For example, a senior researcher in a museum with at least 10 years of experience and publications can receive 25,000 rubles a month. IN major museums Moscow and St. Petersburg salaries are slightly higher than in regional ones, but there is much more work there: the museum fund is huge, it can occupy several premises. Try to keep track of the availability and safety of exhibits!

“The overwhelming majority of the museum staff are very honest people, they are distinguished by their dedication,” says Vladimir Gulyaev.

Employees in the shadows

The employees of the museum funds have a plan of work for the day and for the year. They should check the availability of works with what is in the books.

Employees who work directly with museum values \u200b\u200band funds, as a rule, combine several positions. They work as guides, and not only on their subject. “We hold fancy-dress parties for kids, where we talk about the history of the region, we drink tea from a samovar,” says Marina from a museum near Moscow. She played Babu Yaga.

The second option for earning research workers, the vast majority of whom are candidates of science, is teaching in colleges or universities. They teach students about history, philosophy, religious studies, history of civilizations, sociology. For teaching, you can get another 20-30 thousand a month.

And finally, the most risky way to make money is to participate in archaeological excavations that are carried out by museums or research institutes in the summer. Getting there is quite difficult - you need to have a suitable profile. So, if a museum researcher specializes in the era of Yaroslav the Wise and it is planned to study the monuments of this era during excavations, then you are welcome.

Handwritten foundations

Until recently, museum workers kept records of exhibits according to "granary books" - each work of art was entered into the register manually. Handwritten accounting was a requirement of the old guidelines written in the 1980s. Now museums are switching to electronic accounting systems, but not everywhere.

Exhibits often move: from funds to expositions, from hall to hall, they “tour” museums in other cities and come back.

If anyone gets bored in museums, Gulyaev says, it is only the caretakers. And that is mainly in small expositions. As a rule, these are elderly people with higher education. “But if you work hard, you don't get bored. Here in the Tretyakov Gallery, they are all sitting on pins and needles: the flow of visitors is large, God forbid what happens, ”he comments.

Theft

Hectic work

1. On December 11, 1994, 92 ancient unique manuscripts with a total value of about $ 140 million were taken out of the premises of the Russian National Library.

2. In the same year, an electrician of the Hermitage stole from the museum an ancient Egyptian bowl worth about 500 thousand dollars.

3. On 6 April 1999, as a result of an armed raid on the Russian Museum in St. Petersburg, two paintings by Vasily Perov were stolen. The works were found in a storage room at the Varshavsky railway station.

4. On December 5, 1999, 16 paintings by Russian artists, including Repin and Shishkin, were stolen from the museum of the Russian Academy of Arts.

5. On March 22, 2001, a painting by the French artist Jean-Léon Jerome was carved from a stretcher in the Hermitage, which had been bought personally by Alexander III.

6. On May 28, 2002, two paintings by marine painters were stolen from the Museum of the Marine Corps of Peter the Great. Works worth about 190 thousand dollars were taken from the museum by a cadet of the Naval Institute.

7. In August 2003, it became known about the disappearance of two paintings by Aivazovsky and Savrasov worth about $ 2 million from the Astrakhan State Art Gallery. Four years ago, the restorer took the originals out of the museum and returned the copies.

8. In August 2004, in the town of Ples, Ivanovo region, Shishkin's painting was stolen from the Museum of Landscape.

9. On 31 July 2008, it became known that 221 exhibits, valued at 130 million rubles, were missing from the Hermitage.

10. On April 1, 2008, four of his paintings were stolen from Roerich's apartment-museum in Moscow. The cost of the missing paintings is estimated at millions of euros.

11. On 15 February 2010, the collection of icons by Mikhail de Bouar disappeared from the Tsaritsyno State Museum-Reserve, where it was kept. The cost of the icons is about $ 30 million.

rules

The International Council of Museums at UNESCO (ICOM) was organized in 1946. At the moment, it includes about 17 thousand members from 150 countries of the world with their own Code of Museum Ethics. When translated into Russian, the text passed museum and linguistic tests.

According to the code, a museum worker must first of all behave appropriately at all times and everywhere. He is allowed to oppose actions that harm the museum. A separate clause for museum workers is stated that they cannot support the illegal market for valuables. Also, a museum worker in communicating with people is supposed to perform his professional duties competently and at a high level.

Who works daily at the Yeltsin Center? Author Graduate.pro talked with museum worker Alexandra Lopata and found out what is most important in this profession.

I have many educational backgrounds. The first is construction, in a technical school. Then I simultaneously graduated from the Faculty of Culturology and Art Studies at UrFU and received a diploma in the specialty " Creative industries and Management in the Sphere of Culture "at RUDN. Then - a master's degree in audiovisual communications.

As a child, I dreamed of becoming an archaeologist. Then I wanted to become an actress. I even entered the theater institute, but they didn't take me.

After that I decided: if I am not destined to be an actress, then I will study art. I did a lot of volunteering in museums. As soon as I graduated from the institute, one of my teachers invited me to work in a museum.Fate itself brought me to the museum. Two years passed - and I was addicted. It is very interesting.

I think this profession suits me. I like to get new knowledge, I am interested in history. I like old things, everything "old". What has a touch of antiquity has its own charm. The museum profession found me on its own.

There are pluses and minuses in any work. Every day I learn a lot of information, communicate with people. A museum is a space for communication, dialogue. I work in an interesting creative team and learn from my colleagues. I have a space for creativity, here I can invent and implement. Probably, if I worked in a factory, I would die of boredom. The museum worker is a guide to art.

I can't directly name the cons, I love my job too much.

Yes, you get tired at the end of the day, but where don't you get tired? We are working very hard. We work every day from morning to evening. But no one forces anyone, all of them themselves remain, of their own free will.

We have a very large excursion load: often there are groups of 30 people, including many children. Sometimes negative people come. It takes a lot of energy and at the end of the day you are simply exhausted.

Every day of work brings satisfaction, you understand that you have done something useful.

I would like to develop. A museum is a space that can be developed endlessly. Every day, learn something new, invent, update, promote. That is, it is something inexhaustible.

I don’t know how my life will turn out, but I don’t plan to leave the museum yet. If fate deems it necessary to lead me to another place, I will go there. One way or another, it should be related to culture, science and communication with people.

The museum is, in fact, very interesting. We have few employees and we do not have enough people, there is work for everyone. Everything goes to economists, lawyers, engineers. Few study art critics. And then many of them come there to sit somewhere for four years.When I got to the museum, I realized that there is a lot of work, but few people.

Now museums are experiencing a second life: if you compare them now and in 2000, then they are completely different things.

I saw many different people who came right after university. I will say this: a person who is interested in life, wants self-realization and development, will be interested everywhere. Including in the museum.

The museum is so huge that it seems to me that life is not enough to explore everything. I saw people who come, despite the modest working conditions, despite the lack of understanding of the senior employees on the bias ... They took and bent their line. We studied and made interesting projects.

Working in a museum requires dedication; altruism is important. You need to be prepared for the fact that you may not be noticed, ideas may be ignored, that you need to work hard. You need to defend, you need to learn to be loyal, flexible and ready for anything.

Be prepared that you will work hard; you must always raise your intellectual level. You need to keep track of what is happening in the sphere all the time. Have a core and do not trust those people who say that no one needs museums today.

Interviewed by Alexandra Kvashnin a

The Village continues to talk about how people of different professions plan their income and expenses. In this issue - a museum worker. According to the Ministry of Culture, the average salary of employees of cultural institutions, which include museums, in 2016 amounted to about 59 thousand rubles in Moscow and 50 thousand in St. Petersburg. Also last year, the department published a report on the earnings of the heads of state museums, according to which the general director of the Hermitage, Mikhail Piotrovsky, received 839 thousand rubles a month, and the general director of the Tretyakov gallery, Zelfira Tregulov, 437 thousand rubles. A young employee of a large state museum located in St. Petersburg told us what his duties are, what salary he gets and what he spends his money on.

Position

Museum employee

Income

30,000 rubles

(including quarterly premiums)

Expenses

10,000 rubles

9,000 rubles

debt recovery

3,000 rubles

transport

3,000 rubles

2,000 rubles

alcohol

2,000 rubles

1,000 rubles

entertainment

How to get to work at the museum

I grew up in a family associated with art, I remember being a child with my parents in a museum. I had not yet thought what specialty I would choose, but it seemed to me some kind of magic that a person looks at a painting and sees not just a plot, canvas and oil, but the context, the connections of this work with others, the history of creation and getting into the museum, the artist's techniques ... I went to study as an art critic at the St. Petersburg Academy of Arts named after Repin. This is a very important place where art historians, graphic artists, sculptors, architects coexist in the same building, where you can go into workshops and watch how they work. There is no such situation as in some universities, where art history is also taught, when a student studies art history, but has never seen artists.

A significant part of the people who work in St. Petersburg museums are graduates of the Academy of Arts. In museums, the need for laboratory assistants always exists, therefore, if there is a rate, they remember those who trained, underwent practice and somehow showed themselves. It happened to me too. Now I am 23 years old and have been working in the museum for four years.

Sometimes a person who wants to get to work in a museum thinks that he will be engaged in research, but not everyone understands that a museum is a huge system, in which, in addition to departments related to science and art, there is still a lot - even electricians and mechanics, security service. It often happens that you have to wait for the required rate for years. For example, you study Japanese art, because you want to work in the department of the East, but the rate has appeared in the department of scientific documentation or the scientific and educational department. You have to go there and wait until, perhaps, you will be invited to the right department. Our employees are completely different. There are those who come with glowing eyes. Someone needs the status of work in a large state museum, and I even know many destinies that could have been better if people did not stop before moving to other museums or organizations for fear of losing this status. But it is clear that no one comes to work in any museum in Russia because of material benefits.

Features of work

The mission of a laboratory assistant in any department is to remove routine duties from researchers so that they are engaged scientific work, preparation for exhibitions and conferences. I talked with colleagues from different scientific departments, and I got the impression that we do the same things, just sometimes they differ due to the specifics of the department: somewhere there are paintings, somewhere - archeology. A lab technician is a mixture of a secretary, a courier, a rigger, and a handyman. We are often called on the phone to get some information about paintings, events, and I answer such calls. If employees of another department come to the department, I will accompany them too. State Museum - it is always bureaucracy, here we depend on a huge amount of papers, signatures, seals.

Especially a lot of paperwork appears during preparation for the exhibition, if the exhibits are not from Russian collections, but from abroad. Writing memos, checking acts, collecting signatures and seals is also the work of a laboratory assistant. When colleagues come to us, for example from the Louvre or British Museum, you need to meet them at the airport, escort them to Peterhof and Gatchina - this, again, is the responsibility of the laboratory assistant. As a courier, it happens that you need to go to the office, receive parcels and letters. Sometimes you arrive at dawn and check if everything is ready for the conference, whether the projector is working. Each science department in the museum has a library, and mostly girls work there. There are many books, they are heavy and dusty, and laboratory technicians are always ready to help you take these books where you need to.

In general, laboratory assistants are responsible for all movements of dusty and heavy objects - stacks of books, boxes, packages. Senior scientific workers, venerable masters and ladies in shawls will not do this. Laboratory assistants are mainly young people who have just graduated from a higher educational institution or are still receiving education by correspondence, they are from 20 to 30 years old. This is exactly the age when you can do this kind of work. the best way... If you need to very quickly get a signature in another part of the building, you can literally run there, in parallel remembering all the films you know, where the heroes ran through museums.

The next step after a laboratory assistant is the position of a junior researcher, then there is a researcher, leading, senior researcher and curator. Researchers are already people who are 30–35 years old, leading and older, respectively, are even older. But these promotions come not only due to seniority, but also due to publications and other achievements. At the same time, you need to constantly develop, monitor what is happening with your area of \u200b\u200bstudy around the world. And for this, you need to constantly go to the library, visit other museums, compare things, communicate at international conferences with your colleagues.

There are employees who, after 30 years or so, decide that they are quite satisfied with the position of a laboratory assistant or a junior research assistant, and stop developing. These are quite conservative people with whom it is difficult for me to discuss topics of science and art. They sometimes allow themselves to express themselves in a way that is inadmissible even for the layman, for example, they can say: "Malevich is not an artist at all, my child will draw better even then."

I work five days a week from 09:00 to 18:00, but for a museum employee, work does not end with the end of the working day, but continues in free time. After work, I often go to exhibitions, read books on art. Museum workers have an important privilege: they have the right to free entry to museums in Russia and some other countries using a special ICOM card. This kind of leisure activities on weekends is very popular among my friends: you buy the cheapest reserved seat ticket for the train that comes to Moscow in the morning. From the station you run to the Tretyakov Gallery, Pushkin, the Museum of Architecture, watch exhibitions, and so on until six. In the evening you go to the gallery, which can work until eight, then you meet with your Moscow acquaintances, also employees of museums or other cultural institutions, and then you go back by night train.

People from St. Petersburg go to Moscow exhibitions much more often than vice versa. Still, Moscow is a very cool city in terms of exhibition policy. We also have many museums, but not all of them have their own programs, interesting projects. Museum practices, which are used in Moscow, come to us only after a few years, and even then not always in the correct form. Often this happens due to St. Petersburg snobbery and the stereotype of the cultural capital.

Income

My salary is 22 thousand rubles a month. It may seem to some that this is not enough, but there are St. Petersburg museums where employees receive much less. Once again every few months there is a quarterly bonus - about 30-40 thousand. The prize depends on the season, museum attendance, but probably only people in the accounting department can calculate it for sure. When you receive 22 thousand, expenses often exceed this amount, and it turns out that debts accumulate, and after receiving the premium, I return the money to everyone from whom I borrowed.

All the technicians I know accept help from their parents in one way or another. Someone is given money, someone is paid for housing, someone is bought clothes or food is brought. Parents understand that their children cannot cope without such support. My parents covered some of my expenses - housing and mobile communications.

Expenses

On average, I spend at least 3 thousand a month on books on art history and museum practices. I go to the Vse Svobodny bookstore where the cool guys work. When I have no money and I see that there is only one copy of the book left, I ask to put it aside for me for a week or two. Sometimes it happens that they call me from this bookstore and say that there is a book available that may be of interest to me. Then I get into another debt, buy it and switch to eating a vegetable mixture for 60 rubles.

I go for free not only to museums, but also to national film weeks in Rodina or Giant Park. I try to maintain the level of knowledge foreign languagesto communicate with colleagues from other countries, and for this I watch films without translation. There are several cinemas in St. Petersburg that show films in the original language with subtitles, but I don't get to the daytime screenings because of work, and a ticket for an evening show costs comparable to the price of a not very expensive book on art history or curating. Sometimes I invite my friends to join me in watching a movie that they somehow downloaded in advance, because I don't have the Internet at home. I'm not afraid that with the Internet I will plunge into the abyss of procrastination, I am absolutely sure of this. In the end, the books I buy will grow into a huge pile and gather dust. And so I protected myself from the temptation to go online, read an article on Colta, then another one, then go to Artguide and in addition watch a couple of documentaries during the evening.

I spend about 3 thousand a month on transport. On average, about a couple of thousand comes out on clothes. I don’t buy it every month, but I usually wait until the sale at Uniqlo starts and I’ll grab myself a few basic items there. So for three or four months I will be calm, because I have simple clothes that can withstand dust and dirt, with which part museum work... After all, there is such a law: when you buy yourself a new white shirt and come to work in it, it is on this day that you will need to drag and drop dusty archive folders.

It takes me about 8-10 thousand for food a month. Lunch is a very interesting part of my working day. My friends and I have this theory: it is when you start taking food from home in a container with you that you will no longer be young. In addition, the museum is a rather dusty place, so it's nice to leave it for at least an hour during the working day to get some fresh air and warm up. Since a significant part of the museums is located in the center, at lunchtime you can catch some exhibition, and then just take a shawarma or falafel on the go. Sometimes we visit new places that open up near the museum, evaluate the development of gastronomy - this is also interesting and deserves attention. We have a canteen in the museum, but they cook there from ingredients that not everyone eats for one reason or another, that's why we don't eat there.

Since I live in St. Petersburg, I have fixed expenses for alcohol. I don’t drink a bottle of wine every night, but on average it spends a couple thousand a month. Recently, the Chronicle bar celebrated its birthday, and there were definitely at least a thousand left.

When a premium is issued and some additional money appears, then I usually give out debts. I can also go to an exhibition in Moscow or another city where I have friends who are ready to provide an overnight stay.