Formation of creative views Astrid Lindgren Astrid Lindgren strid Lindgren November 14, 1907 January 28, 2002 Stockholm Swedish writer. Lindgren was born into a family of farmers in an old red house deep in an apple orchard. But Lindgren was in no hurry to publish the story.

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Test. Topic: "Science Fiction in Astrid Lindgren's Fairy Tales". Volume 8 - 13 pages

Shaping the creative minds of Astrid Lindgren

Astrid Lindgren (November 14, 1907 - January 28, 2002, Stockholm), Swedish writer. Stories for children "Pippi - Long Stocking" (1945-52), about Little Boy and Carlson (1955-68), "Rasmus the Tramp" (1956), about Emil from Lenneberg (1963-1970), "Brothers Lionheart" ( 1979), "Ronya, the robber's daughter" (1981) are imbued with humanism. The fantastic adventures of its heroes, distinguished by their spontaneity, curiosity and mischief, take place in the real world with its sharp contradictions.

Lindgren was born into a family of farmers "in an old red house in the back of an apple orchard." Even at school she was predicted the future of the writer, calling her "The Seventh Lagerlef with Vimmerby"; she promised herself not to write, just not to be like someone else. In 1941, her daughter fell ill, and when her mother had used up the entire store of stories, she asked, unexpectedly calling strange name: "Tell me about Pippi Longstocking." The unusual name made me come up with the most unusual heroine. But Lindgren was in no hurry to publish the story.

In 1944, she fell ill herself and processed her oral stories, giving one copy to her daughter, and sending the second to the publishing house. As Lindgren had hoped, the publishing house, shocked by the extraordinary character and abilities of the heroine, who can raise a horse with one hand and eat a whole cake at once, and, in addition, laughs at benefactors and generally behaves amazingly, rejected the manuscript. But in 1945, Lindgren won an award for the book Britt-Marie, a Fitted Heart, then the following year, the revised version of Peppy was removed. The Adventures of the Famous Investigator Kalle Blumkvist (1946) was the next book to be awarded the prize again.

Lindgren became a professional writer. She believed that childhood gave her the material that later entered her works. Tramps, who repeatedly asked to sleep with her parents, made her think in childhood that not all people have their own roof, their stories expanded her worldview, taught to see that the world is inhabited not only by good people. The theme of the struggle between good and evil, one of the leading in her works, was born even then. The writer believed that “you can't sit and make up some stories. You need to immerse yourself in your own childhood. " Only then can you write something that will awaken the child's fantasy. And this she considered the most important task of literature, only inherent in it, because neither cinema nor television leaves room for imagination.

Imagination, Lindgren quite rightly believed, is the most important ability of humanity, "after all, everything great that ever appeared in this world was born first in the human imagination." In addition, a book for children should develop children's faith in the ability to create a miracle, in its very existence. But the miracle in Lindgren's works is always born out of reality itself, as in the story of Little Boy and Carlson, who lives on the roof.

Lindgren did not openly express her program, but tried to contribute to the democratization of public relations with her creativity, she wanted to see a world without war, where children would not suffer. She wrote for children, and therefore her ideas take on a form that children can understand. So, in the tale-story "Mio, my Mio!" the hero opposes the evil knight Kato, and the Lionheart brother fights against the tyrant Tengil. In the works of Lindgren, about medieval times, it is not only about the struggle between good and evil, as in all fairy tales of all times. In the lines of enemies goodies writers, and in the descriptions of the countries they rule, the features of fascism are clearly visible, and the characters themselves are similar to modern Swedes.

Specificity of Lindgren's fairy-tale mastery

The specificity of Lindgren's fabulous skill lies in the fact that she created fairy tales where real modern boys and the girls suddenly acquire fabulous properties, like the poor, abandoned girl Pippi, or live a double life in an ordinary Swedish city of the XX century. with the phone, going to school like a Kid; with poverty and misfortune like Brother Lionheart; with orphanhood like Mio; at the same time they have a second world - a fabulous, fantastic one.

Here they are either powerful and heroic themselves (Mio, Brother Lionheart), or they have supernatural helpers and friends, like the Kid, whose friend Carlson becomes. Fairy-tale heroes of the past they flew on airplane carpets, in flying chests, etc. Children of the XX century, familiar with the aircraft of our time, guess the motors, propellers, control buttons. Lindgren's fiction itself is a world created by the imagination of a contemporary child. Carlson's ideas, for example, are pranks that are possible for an ordinary child with a developed imagination. Lindgren never moralizes. She makes her little readers see the bad in the examples available to them. The writer's soft humor creates a special kind atmosphere, where there is no opportunity for the triumph of the evil principle.

The inevitability of the final victory of good is also inherent in Lindgren's stories for youth, and their heroes are the same dreamers, like the heroes of fairy tales. Kalle Blumkvist imagines himself a famous investigator, playing with his friends in the War of the Red and White Roses. Rasmus the Tramp idealizes the life of homeless beggars. Lindgren in stories about real events also educates its readers: the war of the Red and White Roses is waged between friends according to the rules of highly interpreted chivalry, it is filled with inexhaustible ingenuity of adolescents, destroys obstacles; Rasmus understands the true nature of vagabonds.

However, Lindgren did not abandon trolls, elves, brownies or spiritualizations of the forces of nature, mountains or objects, but this traditionally fantastic is combined with a change in reality with a child's fantasy. In her fairy tales, Lindgren followed G.K. Andersen, who knew how to tell amazing stories about ordinary objects, for S. Lagerlef, who combined in one work a textbook about the nature of Sweden, the real life of a little boy Niels and the history of a goose flock. However, it does not repeat its predecessors. Lindgren, introducing the reader into the circle of the child's fantasies and emotions, teaches adults to respect him inner world, see him as a person.

The main characters of the fairy tales by Astrid Lindgren

The largest works of Lindgren are fairy tales: "Pippi Longstocking" ("Boken om Pippi Langs-trump", 1945-1946), "Mio, my Mio" (1954), "The Kid and Carlson Who Lives on the Dxy" (" Lillebror och Karlsson pa Taket ", 1955 - 1968)," The Brothers Lionheart "(" Brodema Lejon-hjarta ", 1973), as well as the story for children and youth" The Adventures of the famous investigator Kalle Blumkvist "(" Masterdetektiven Blomqvist lever farligt " 1946-1953), "Rasmus the vagabond" ("Rasmus pa Luffen", 1956) and the trilogy about Emil from Lenneberg ("Emil in Lonneberga", 1963-1970). Lindgren did not openly express her program, but wanted to contribute to the democratization of social relations with her creativity, she wanted to see a world without war, where children would suffer. She wrote for children, and therefore his ideas take on a form that children can understand. So, in the fairy tale-story “Mio, my Mio!” The hero opposes the evil knight Kato, and the Lionheart brothers fight against the tyrant Tengil. In the works of Lindgren, where medieval props are used, it is not only about the eternal struggle between good and evil, as in all fairy tales of all times.In the features of the opponents of the writer's good characters and in the descriptions of the countries they rule, the features of fascism clearly show through, and the characters themselves are similar to modern Swedes.

The specificity of Lindgren's fabulous skill is that she created fairy tales, fairy tales, where real modern boys and girls suddenly acquire fabulous properties, like the poor, abandoned girl Peppi, or live a double life in an ordinary Swedish city of the 20th century. with the phone, going to school like the Kid, with poverty and hardship like the Lionheart brothers; with orphanhood like Mio; time they have another world - fabulous, fantastic. Here they are either powerful and heroic themselves (Mio, take the Lionheart), or they can have helpers and friends endowed with supernatural powers, like the Kid, whose friend Carlson becomes. The fabulous heroes of the past flew on airplane carpets, near flying chests, etc. Children of the 20th century, They are familiar with the aircraft of our time, invent engines, propellers, control buttons. Lindgren's fantasy itself is a world created by the imagination of a contemporary child. Carlson's tricks, for example, are pampering, which an ordinary child with a developed imagination can do. Lindgren never moralizes. She makes her little readers see the bad in the examples available to them. The writer's mild humor creates a special kind atmosphere, where there is no opportunity for the triumph of the evil of the beginning.

The inevitability of the final victory of good is also inherent in Lindgren's stories for youth, and their heroes are the same visionaries, like the heroes of fairy tales. Kalle Blumkvist imagines himself a famous investigator, plays with his friends in the war of the Scarlet and White Rose. Rasmus the vagabond idealizes the life of the homeless beggar. Lindgren also educates his readers in stories about real events: the war of the Scarlet and White Roses is waged between friends according to the rules of highly interpreted chivalry, it is full of inexhaustible inventiveness of adolescents, destroys the state of obstacles; Rasmus understands the true nature of vagabonds. However, Lindgren did not abandon trolls, elves, brownies or the spiritualization of the forces of nature, mountains or objects, but this traditionally fantastic is combined in her with a change in reality with a child's fantasy. In her fairy tales, Lindgren followed G.K. Andersen, who knew how to tell amazing stories about new research objects, for S. Lagerlef, who combined a textbook on the nature of Sweden in one work, real life the little boy Niels and the story of the goose flock. However, it does not repeat its predecessors. Lindgren, introducing the reader into the circle of the child's fantasies and emotions, teaches adults to respect his inner world, to see him as a person.

Pippi Longstocking is the central character in a series of books by Swedish writer Astrid Lindgren.

Peppy is a little red-haired freckled girl who lives alone in the "Chicken" villa in a small Swedish town with her animals: the monkey Mr. Nilson and the horse. Peppy is the daughter of Captain Ephraim Longstocking, who later became the leader of the black tribe. From her father, Pippi inherited fantastic physical strength, as well as a suitcase of gold, which allows her to exist comfortably. Peppy's mother died when she was still a baby. Pippi is sure that she has become an angel and is looking at her from heaven ("My mother is an angel, and my father is a Negro king. Not every child has such noble parents").

Peppy "adopts", but rather, comes up with a variety of customs from different countries and parts of the world: when walking backward, walk the streets upside down, "because your feet are hot when you walk on a volcano, and you can put on your hands in mittens."

Peppy's best friends are Tommy and Annika Söttergren, children of ordinary Swedish people. In Peppy's company, they often get into trouble and funny alterations, and sometimes - real adventures. Attempts by friends or adults to influence disorderly Pippi do not lead to anything: she does not go to school, is illiterate, familiar, and always composes fables. However, Peppy kind heart and a good sense of humor.

Pippi Longstocking is one of Astrid Lindgren's most fantastic heroines. She is independent and does whatever she wants. For example, she sleeps with her feet on the pillow and with her head under the covers, wears colorful stockings when she returns home, backs away because she doesn't want to turn around, rolls the dough right on the floor and keeps the horse on the veranda.

She is incredibly strong and agile, even though she is only nine years old. She carries her own horse in her arms, defeats the famous circus strongman, scatters a whole group of hooligans to the sides, breaks off the horns of a ferocious bull, deftly exposes two police officers from her own house who came to her to forcibly take her to an orphanage, and instantly throws two onto the closet smashed the thieves who decided to rob her. However, there is no cruelty in Pippi's reprisals. She is extremely generous to her defeated enemies. She treats the disgraced police with freshly baked gingerbread in the shape of hearts. And embarrassed thieves who have worked out their intrusion into someone else's house by dancing with Pippi Twist all night, she generously rewards gold coins, this time honestly earned.

Peppy is not only extremely strong, she is also incredibly rich. It costs her nothing to buy for all the children in the city "a hundred kilos of candy" and a whole toy store, but she herself lives in an old dilapidated house, wears a single dress made of colorful rags, and the only pair of shoes her father bought her "for growth." ...

But the most amazing thing about Pippi is her vivid and exuberant fantasy, which manifests itself in the games that she comes up with, and in amazing stories about different countries, where she visited with her dad, the captain, and in the endless practical jokes, the victims of which become idiot adults. Pippi takes any of his stories to the point of absurdity: a mischievous servant bites guests by the legs, a long-eared Chinese man hides under his ears in the rain, and a capricious child refuses to eat from May to October. Peppy gets very upset if someone says that she is lying, because lying is not good, she just sometimes forgets about it.

Pippi is a child's dream of strength and nobility, wealth and generosity, freedom and selflessness. But for some reason the adults Pippi do not understand. And the pharmacist, and the school teacher, and the director of the circus, and even the mother of Tommy and Annika are angry with her, teach, educate. Apparently, therefore, more than anything, Pippi does not want to grow up:

“Adults never have fun. They always have a lot of boring jobs, stupid dresses and cumin taxes. And they are also crammed with prejudice and all sorts of nonsense. They think it’s a terrible misfortune to put a knife in their mouths while eating, and all that jazz. ”

But "who said that you need to become an adult?" No one can force Peppy to do what she does not want!

The books about Pippi Longstocking are full of optimism and an unchanging belief in the very best.

And the last thing that needs to be said: about the influence of Astrid Lindgren on Russian children's literature. It must be admitted that existence itself wonderful books The Swedish writer raised the bar for quality in children's literature, changed the attitude towards children's books as second-class literature, the creation of which does not require excessive efforts from the writer, if only it was smooth and funny (and edifying). Of course, Astrid Lindgren was not alone in this struggle for a good children's book, but her authority and personal example did a lot to strengthen the high requirements for literature for children.

Astrid Lindgren left an amazing legacy - a talented and varied contemporary children's literature, which - and this is no exaggeration - came out of her books. Thank her for this wonderful magic gift to all of us.

Astrid Lindgren's books are also good because you want to return to them, you want to re-read them not only in childhood, but in adulthood. These are fairy tales and at the same time they are stories about children, those who live in the neighboring yard. There is nothing fantastic in them, they just know how to dream, fantasize, see inaccessible to adults.

List of used literature

Astrid Lindgren. Pippi Longstocking / translated by N. Belyakova, L. Braude and E. Paklina. - SPb: Azbuka, 1997
Braude L. Astrid Lindgren for children and youth // Children's literature, 1969. Moscow, 1969. P. 108.
Lindgren A. Pippi Longstocking. - Petrozavodsk: Karelia, 1993.
Uvarova I. What's new in the theater for children // Theater. 1968. No. 8, p. 23.

Astrid Lindgren received worldwide recognition and translated into many languages \u200b\u200bof the world (more than 27), is the Swedish writer Astrid Anna Emilia Lindgren. In Lindgren, Scandinavian came alive and flourished. The writer is not just the heir to the traditions of Andersen and Lagerlöf, she continued and developed them. In her books, sometimes based on folklore plots, fantastic features are intertwined with elements of everyday life and modernity. Lindgren, who is called "Andersen of our days", simply and naturally gives the story a fabulousness, as if refracting in the child's perception. Lindgren, who knows so much about the child's need for fascination and danger in tenderness and devotion, in loneliness and friendship, created the magnificent fairy tale "Pippi Longstocking" (1945) of this book conquered small and large readers with kindness, generosity and originality of character. Moreover, Lindgren herself believes that the main reason for Pippi's popularity is in her extraordinary omnipotence. “Peppy satisfies a child's dream of power,” writes Lindgren.

Indeed, in this book the writer has embodied the dream of an orphan child about a happy life in a wonderful world of truth and justice. She endowed her heroine with fabulous wealth, unimaginable fantasy and supernatural power that help her exist in an evil and cruel world, where an orphaned child is awaiting only an orphanage.

In Pippi Longstocking, Lindgren marvelously combines fantasy with reality. The girl freely raises a giant horse, becomes a Negro princess, she rebelles against the bourgeois well-being of modern Sweden and the dogmatic school system.

In the book "Mio, my Mio!" (1954), separating the world of reality with its orphanhood and violence against the will of children from peace, freedom and justice, Lindgren skillfully combines the fantastic and the real. It is important that in this book with the traditional struggle between good and evil, the storyteller managed to put a modern content: an anti-fascist orientation is guessed in the fairy tale story. The hero of the tale - a champion of justice - a Swedish orphan boy, he is also the magic prince Mio, endowed with a warm, loving heart, brave and courageous, prevails over the personification of evil forces - the knight Kato.

Merit Lindgren in that she was able to give the boy in development. At first, Mio experiences a feeling of fear, but the thought of the feat destined for him, of the suffering of people gives him courage, and he penetrates into the kingdom of the evil knight Kato and kills the villain.

Nature plays an important role in the story. Following the traditions of Scandinavian folk literature and H. K-Andersen, the writer personifies and animates nature. Forest, trees - all filled with hatred for Kato. The blackest mountain in the world opens to admit Mio and his friend Yuma. Contrasting pictures of nature help to contrast the two worlds. Radiant, illuminated by the sun, covered with green meadows Dalnyaya Country - the kingdom of Father Mio. The kingdom of Kato is dark and gloomy. Black is the waters of the Dead Lake, surrounded by black bare rocks, voiced only by the sad cries of birds. Nature constantly reflects the experiences of the heroes, accompanies them. In the moment of the last battle between Mio and Kato, black clouds rise over the lake. Black rocks groan pitifully, despair sounds in the voices of birds. When Mio kills Kato, night ends and morning comes. Nature, lake, rocks - everything is changing. Everything is illuminated by the sun. conducted on behalf of the eye Mio, who actively intervenes in the narrative, conveys the author's mood and actors... Repetitions also play an important role in creating mood.

One of the most popular works of Lindgren - "The Kid and Carlson Who Lives on the Roof" (1955) - an original realistic and modern fairy talethat weaves into daily life, into a true story about a boy with his sorrows and joys, specific thinking and language. A fairy tale grows out of fantasy, out of a child's invention. The writer does not tire of repeating that everything that happens in the book is quite “ordinary”. Only Carlson, who lives on the roof, is "not quite" ordinary. Everyone - mom and dad, Bosse and Bethan consider Carlson a fiction, a fantasy of the Kid. Only the Kid himself does not doubt the existence of Carlson.

Carlson, indeed, the most ordinary, fat man, endowed with a number of negative qualities. But at the same time, the negative properties of Carlson are balanced by the positive ones. If the image of Carlson in the book is stable, then the Kid is shown by the writer in development. It is like an internal struggle going on in him all the time. On the one hand, he is carried away by Carlson's pranks and pranks, he is not averse to taking part in them, but protests as soon as these pranks cross the boundaries.

« Kid and Carlsonwho lives on the roof ”- educational book. The child learns about the life of a big city, learns that in the world, which seems to him so cheerful and joyful, there are criminals, there are children abandoned without supervision. The kid grows up, realizing that it is necessary to actively intervene in life and help the weak. Lindgren's book is not annoyingly educational, not apologetic towards adults, but very truthful and realistic. True, the Kid is sometimes too smart for a seven-year-old child and Carlson's speech is too similar to that of an adult. Nevertheless, the book strikes with a subtle knowledge of the psychology of children, their language, humor and well-aimed jokes.

Continuation of the story under the title "Carlson, Who Lives on the Roof, Flies Again" (1963) appeared in connection with the success of the first book and the numerous requests of children who dream of knowing what happened to their favorite characters. Along with the further development of children's characters, Lindgren gives here a satire on modern television and advertising.

The last part of the trilogy - "Karlson, who lives on the roof," appears secretly (1968) - a subtle and witty parody of the modern Swedish press, detective literature. It tells about the new tricks of the Kid and Carlson, about their faithful friendship. "... The world's best Carlson, with his manifestations of childish discontent and uncontrollable selfishness, is truly irresistible," notes the Swedish.

Lindgren's work is not limited to the fairy tale genre. The writer devoted many works to contemporary reality. In a realistic story "The Adventures of Kalle Blomkvist" (1946) revealed the true background of mysterious incidents and murders, the world of detectives and gangsters, whose adventures seem so tempting to children; Kalle Blomkvist dreams of becoming a famous detective, whose name will make the underworld tremble. And in the beginning, tracking down criminals is an exciting game for him. But when the real criminal, Uncle Einar, appears in the city, the game is over: Kalle and his friends Anders and Eva-Lotta, relentlessly pursuing the robber and his accomplices, are in real danger. The same thing happens in the second and third parts of the Kalle Blomkvist trilogy "The Dangerous Life of Kalle Blomkvist" and "Kalle Blomkvist and Rasmus" (1961).

In the story "Rasmus the Tramp" (1956), for which Lindgren, along with her other books, was awarded the HK Andersen International Gold Medal in Florence in 1958, the writer turns to the topic of orphanages. It shows the terrible face of children's institutions, which are praised in every possible way by the bourgeois press. The flight of Rasmus from the orphanage deals a decisive blow to praise and speculation about a happy childhood in orphanages. This book is close to tradition the best works Dickens and Mark Twain, is not free from known shortcomings. The writer believes that the problem of the life of disadvantaged and homeless children can be solved if compassionate rich people take them up. But Lindgren herself, perhaps imperceptibly to herself, shows the inconsistency of such ideals.

The book is peculiar and some artificiality of action. In the most difficult moments, in the most difficult situations, when the heroes are in the balance of death, wonderful saviors come to their aid - animals, things, people. The particular shortcomings of the story do not remove its value both for foreign and Soviet readers. In the early 1960s, Lindgren created a series of highly watched TV shows in Sweden about little Cherven and her friends. Then, on the basis of these TV programs, a film was made (shown in 1965 in Moscow at the Swedish Film Festival, where Astrid Lindgren was also present), and then the book "We are on Saltkroka Island" (1964) was written.

This story continues the tradition of realistic works of Astrid Lindgren (in particular, "Rasmus the Tramp"), which are based on the events of real life. The main, extremely simply and transparently expressed idea of \u200b\u200bthis book; children, wherever they grow up, should have a real, joyful one. Children must meet love and understanding from adults, and all unnecessary, superficial, darkening childhood must be eliminated.

Need a cheat sheet? Then save - »Heroes and Images of Astrid Lindgren's Works. Literary works!

Astrid Lindgren received worldwide recognition and translated into many languages \u200b\u200bof the world (more than 27), is the Swedish writer Astrid Anna Emilia Lindgren. In Lindgren's work a Scandinavian fairy tale came to life and flourished. The writer is not just the heir to the traditions of Andersen and Lagerlöf, she continued and developed them. In her books, sometimes based on folklore plots, fantastic features are intertwined with elements of everyday life and modernity. Lindgren, who is called "Andersen of our days", simply and naturally gives the story a fabulousness, as if refracting life in the perception of the child. Lindgren, who knows so much about the child's need for fascination and danger in tenderness and devotion, in loneliness and friendship, created the most magnificent fairy tale "Pippi Long Stocking" (1945) The heroine of this book conquered small and large readers with her kindness, generosity and originality of character. Moreover, Lindgren herself believes that the main reason for Pippi's popularity is in her extraordinary omnipotence. “Peppy satisfies a child’s dream of power,” Lindgren writes.

In the book "Mio, my Mio!" (1954), separating the world of reality with its orphanhood and violence against children's will from the world of fairy tales, freedom and justice, Lindgren skillfully combines the fantastic and the real. It is important that in this book, with the traditional struggle between good and evil, the storyteller managed to put modern content: an anti-fascist orientation is guessed in the fairy tale story. The hero of the fairy tale - a champion of justice - a Swedish orphan boy, aka the magic prince Mio, endowed with a warm, loving heart, brave and courageous, prevails over the personification of evil forces - the knight Kato.

Merit Lindgren in that she was able to give the image of a boy in development. At first, Mio experiences a feeling of fear, but the thought of the feat destined for him, of the suffering of people gives him courage, and he penetrates into the kingdom of the evil knight Kato and kills the villain.

Nature plays an important role in the story. Following the traditions of Scandinavian folk literature and H. K-Andersen, the writer personifies and animates nature. Forest, trees - all filled with hatred for Kato. The world's blackest mountain opens to admit Mio and his friend Yuma. Contrasting pictures of nature help to contrast the two worlds. Radiant, illuminated by the sun, covered with green meadows Far Country - the kingdom of Father Mio. The kingdom of Kato is dark and gloomy. Black is the waters of the Dead Lake, surrounded by black bare rocks, voiced only by the sad cries of birds. Nature constantly reflects the experiences of the heroes, accompanies them. At the moment of the final battle between Mio and Kato, black clouds rise over the lake. Black rocks groan pitifully, despair sounds in the voices of birds. When Mio kills Kato, night ends and morning comes. Nature, lake, rocks - everything is changing. Everything is illuminated by the sun. The story is told on behalf of the eye hero Mio, who actively intervenes in the narrative, conveys the mood of the author and the characters. Repetitions also play an important role in creating mood.

One of the most popular Lindgren's works “The Kid and Carlson Who Lives on the Roof” (1955) is an original realistic and modern fairy tale that is woven into everyday life, into a true story about a boy with his sorrows and joys, specific thinking and language. A fairy tale grows out of fantasy, out of a child's invention. The writer does not tire of repeating that everything that happens in the book is quite “ordinary”. Only Carlson, who lives on the roof, is "not quite" ordinary. Everyone - mom and dad, Bosse and Bethan consider Carlson a fiction, a fantasy of the Kid. Only the Kid himself does not doubt the existence of Carlson.

« Kid and Carlsonwho lives on the roof ”- educational. The child learns about the life of a big city, learns that in the world that seems to him so cheerful and joyful, there are criminals, there are children abandoned without supervision. The kid grows up, realizing that it is necessary to actively intervene in life and help the weak. Lindgren's book is not annoyingly educational, not apologetic towards adults, but very truthful and realistic. True, the Kid is sometimes too smart for a seven-year-old child and Carlson's speech is too similar to that of an adult. Nevertheless, the book strikes with a subtle knowledge of the psychology of children, their language, humor and well-aimed jokes.

In the story "Rasmus the Tramp" (1956), for which Lindgren, along with her other books, was awarded the HK Andersen International Gold Medal in Florence in 1958, the writer turns to the topic of orphanages. It shows the terrible face of children's institutions, which are praised in every possible way by the bourgeois press. The flight of Rasmus from the orphanage deals a decisive blow to praise and speculation about a happy childhood in orphanages. This book, close to the traditions of the best works of Dickens and Mark Twain, is not free from well-known shortcomings. The writer believes that the problem of the life of disadvantaged and homeless children can be solved if compassionate rich people take them up. But Lindgren herself, perhaps imperceptibly to herself, shows the inconsistency of such ideals.

This story continues the tradition of realistic works of Astrid Lindgren (in particular, "Rasmus the Tramp"), which are based on the events of real life. The main, extremely simply and transparently expressed idea of \u200b\u200bthis book; children, wherever they grow up, should have a real, joyful childhood. Children should be met with love and understanding from adults, and all unnecessary, superficial, darkening childhood should be eliminated.

Wonderful Lindgren describes the various characters of children, their sense of camaraderie, love for animals, conveys their smart, but at the same time such childish speech. The pathos of the book "We are on the island of Saltkrok" - in a poetic description of everyday life. Lindgren's books are also strong in characterizing vital characters, among which the most vivid impression is left by little Emil from the trilogy "Emil from Lonneberg", "New tricks of Emil from Lonneberg", "Emil from Lonneberg is still alive!" Emil is a complex character, he is a repository of all sorts of advantages and disadvantages. Emil is a talented craftsman, he perfectly cuts wood; he is fearless, dexterous, quick-witted and cunning. It is no coincidence that Lindgren herself considers this trilogy one of her best works.

Astrid Lingren was born on November 14, 1907 in southern Sweden, in the small town of Vimmerby in the province of Småland (Kalmar County), into a farming family. Her parents - father Samuel August Eriksson and mother Hanna Jonsson - met when they were 13 and 9 years old. 17 years later, in 1905, they married and settled in a rented farm in Näs, a pastor's estate on the very outskirts of Vimmerby, where Samuel began farming. Astrid became their second child. She had an older brother Gunnar (July 27, 1906 - May 27, 1974) and two younger sisters - Stina (1911-2002) and Ingegerd (1916-1997).

As Lindgren herself pointed out in the collection of autobiographical essays "My Fictions" (1971), she grew up in the age of "horse and convertible". The main means of transportation for the family was a horse-drawn carriage, the pace of life was slower, entertainment was simpler, and the relationship with the surrounding nature was much closer than today. This environment contributed to the development of a love of nature in the writer - this feeling is imbued with all Lindgren's work, from the eccentric stories about the daughter of Captain Pippi Longstocking, to the story of Ronnie, the daughter of the robber.

The writer herself always called her childhood happy (there were many games and adventures in it, interspersed with work on the farm and in its vicinity) and pointed out that it was this that served as a source of inspiration for her work. Astrid's parents not only felt deep affection for each other and for their children, but also did not hesitate to show it, which was a rarity at that time. The writer spoke about the special relationship in the family with great sympathy and tenderness in her only book not addressed to children, Samuel August from Sevedstorp and Hannah from Hult (1973).

As a child, Astrid Lindgren was surrounded by folklore, and many jokes, fairy tales, stories that she heard from her father or from friends later formed the basis of her own works. The love of books and reading, as she later confessed, arose in the kitchen of Christine, with whom she was friends. It was Christine who introduced Astrid to an amazing, exciting world, which one could get into by reading fairy tales. The impressionable Astrid was shocked by this discovery, and later she herself mastered the magic of the word.

Her abilities became apparent already in primary schoolwhere Astrid was called the "Wimmerbühn Selmoy Lagerlöf"which, in her own opinion, she did not deserve.

After school, at the age of 16, Astrid Lindgren began working as a journalist for the local newspaper Wimmerby Tidningen. But two years later, she became pregnant without being married, and, leaving the post of junior reporter, left for Stockholm... There she graduated from the secretary courses and in 1931 year found a job in this specialty. December 1926 year she had a son, Lars. Since there was not enough money, Astrid had to give her beloved son to Denmark, to the family of adoptive parents. IN 1928 year she got a job as a secretary at the Royal Auto Club, where she met Sture Lindgren (1898-1952). They got married in April 1931 yearand after that Astrid was able to take Lars home.

Years of creativity

After marriage, Astrid Lindgren decided to become a housewife in order to devote herself entirely to caring for Lars, and then of the 1934 year daughter Karin. IN 1941 year The Lindgrens moved into an apartment overlooking the Stockholm Vasa Park, where the writer lived until her death. Occasionally taking up secretarial work, she wrote travel descriptions and rather banal fairy tales for family magazines and Christmas calendars, which gradually honed her literary skills.

According to Astrid Lindgren, " Pippi Longstocking" (1945 ) was born primarily thanks to her daughter Karin. In 1941, Karin fell ill with pneumonia, and every night Astrid told her all sorts of stories before bed. Once a girl ordered a story about Pippi Longstocking - She invented this name right there, on the go. So Astrid Lindgren began to write a story about a girl who does not obey any conditions. Since Astrid then advocated a new and controversial idea for that time education taking into account child psychology, the challenge to convention seemed to her an amusing thought experiment. If we consider the image of Pippi in a generalized way, then it is based on the 1930 --40s years of innovative ideas in the field of child education and child psychology. Lindgren followed and participated in the controversy unfolding in society, advocating for an education that would take into account the thoughts and feelings of children and thus show respect for them. The new approach to children also affected her creative manner, as a result of which she became an author consistently speaking from a child's point of view.

After the first story about Pippi, which Karin fell in love with, Astrid Lindgren over the next years told more and more evening tales about this red-haired girl. On Karin's tenth birthday, Astrid Lindgren made a shorthand record of several stories, from which she then made a self-made book for her daughter (with illustrations by the author). This original Pippi manuscript was less elaborate stylistically and more radical in its ideas. The writer sent one copy of the manuscript to the largest Stockholm publishing house Bonnier. After some deliberation, the manuscript was rejected. Astrid Lindgren was not discouraged by the refusal, she already understood that composing for children is her vocation. IN 1944 year she took part in the competition for the best book for girls, announced by the relatively new and little-known publishing house "Raben and Sjögren". Lindgren won second prize for Britt-Marie Pours Out Her Soul (1944) and her publishing contract. astrid lindgren children's writer

IN 1945 year Astrid Lindgren was offered the position of editor of children's literature at Raben & Sjögren. She accepted this offer and worked in one place until 1970 yearwhen she officially retired. All her books were published in the same publishing house. Despite being extremely busy and combining editorial work with household duties and writing, Astrid turned out to be a prolific writer: if you count picture books, she produced a total of about eighty works from her pen. Work was especially productive in 40s and 50's years. Totally agree 1944 --1950s Astrid Lindgren has written a trilogy about Pippi Longstocking, two stories about children from Bullerby, three books for girls, a detective story, two collections of fairy tales, a collection of songs, four plays and two picture books. As you can see from this list, Astrid Lindgren was an unusually versatile writer, willing to experiment in a wide variety of genres.

IN 1946 year she published the first story about the detective Kalle Blumkvist ("Kalle Blumkvist plays"), thanks to which she won first prize in a literary competition (Astrid Lindgren did not participate in the competitions anymore). IN 1951 year followed by a sequel, "Kalle Blumkvist at risk" (in Russian, both stories were published in 1959 year entitled "The Adventures of Kalle Blumkvist"), and in 1953 year - the final part of the trilogy, "Kalle Blumkvist and Rasmus" (was translated into Russian in 1986 ). "Kalle Blumkvistom" the writer wanted to replace the readers glorifying violence with cheap thrillers.

IN 1954 year Astrid Lindgren wrote the first of her three fairy tales - "Mio, my Mio!" (trans. 1965 ). This emotional, dramatic book combines the techniques of the heroic legends and magic fairy tales, and it tells the story of Boo Wilhelm Ohlsson, the unloved and neglected son of adoptive parents. Astrid Lindgren has repeatedly resorted to a fairy tale and a fairy tale, touching upon the fate of lonely and abandoned children (this was the case before "Mio, my Mio!" To bring comfort to children, to help them overcome difficult situations - this task was not the least of the writer's work.

In the next trilogy - "Kid and Carlsonwho lives on the roof "( 1955 ; per. 1957 ), "Carlson, who lives on the roof, has arrived again" ( 1962 ; per. 1965 ) and "Carlson, who lives on the roof, is playing pranks again" ( 1968 ; per. 1973 ) - again a kind of fantasy hero is acting. This "moderately well-fed", infantile, greedy, boastful, pouty, self-pitying, egocentric, though not devoid of charm, lives on the roof of the apartment building where the Kid lives. As an imaginary friend of the Kid, he is a much less wonderful image of childhood than the unpredictable and carefree Pippi. The kid is the youngest of three children in the most ordinary Stockholm family bourgeoisand Carlson enters his life in a very specific way - through the window, and he does this every time the Kid feels superfluous, bypassed or humiliated, in other words, when the boy feels sorry for himself. In such cases, its compensatory alter ego - in all respects "the best in the world" Carlson, who makes the Kid forget about troubles.

The writer died on January 28, 2002 in Stockholm. Astrid Lindgren is one of the world's most famous children's writers. Her works are imbued with fantasy and love for children. Many of them have been translated into over 70 languages \u200b\u200band published in over 100 countries. In Sweden, she became a living legend because she entertained, inspired and consoled more than one generation of readers, participated in political life, changed laws and significantly influenced the development of children's literature.

Astrid Lindgren's 110th birthday

Astrid Lindgren is probably the most famous Swedish writer in Russia.

Her heroes settle in the minds of childhood - the red-haired girl Pippi Longstocking, the daughter of the robber Roni, the detective Kalle Blumkvist, the fat man in his prime, the owner of the propeller on his back and the most common surname in Sweden Carlson, who flies to the Kid when he becomes sad.

They settle and remain until the very gray hair - on the rights of a jewel, which we, becoming parents, pass on to our children, reading her books at night. If you have already read everything - find a rather rare autobiographical "We are all from Bullerby", in which the writer sketches her own childhood - not very rich, but filled with impressions and adventures.

Astrid Anna Emilia Ericsson was born on November 14, 1907 in the south of Sweden, in the city of Vimmerby. Her first publication was school essay, because of which classmates began to tease her by Selma Lagerlef (Swedish novelist - "b"). After that Astrid gave up writing fairy tales and went to work for the local newspaper Wimmerby Tidningen

"If I managed to brighten at least someone's gloomy childhood, then I'm happy"

“Becoming the subject of gossip was like being in a pit full of snakes, and I decided to leave this pit as soon as possible. It didn't happen at all the way some might think - I was not kicked out of the house, like in the good old days. Not at all, I left myself. Nobody could keep me at home "
After moving to Stockholm, Astrid graduated from stenography courses, but could not find a job and gave her newborn son Lars to a foster family

“I am writing for myself to entertain the child inside me - I can only hope that it will amuse other children as well”
In 1928, Astrid received a secretary position at the Royal Automobile Club and three years later married her boss, Sture Lindgren. After getting married, Astrid Lindgren was able to take her son and gave birth to daughter Karin. After that, the writer broke her vow and began to compose fairy tales for home magazines.

“The worst thing is when a child cannot play. Such a child is like a boring little old man, from which, over time, an adult old man grows up, deprived, however, of the main advantage of old age - wisdom "
In 1944, Astrid Lindgren won second place in the Raben & Sjögren competition for the best book for girls and was able to publish the novel Britt-Marie Pours Out Her Soul

"You will not find on earth true peacemaybe this is just an unattainable goal "
Astrid Lindgren invented her most famous character, Pippi Longstocking, during the war and illness of her daughter Karin. The writer gave the first home-made print run to her daughter for her birthday, and in 1945 Raben and Shegren published the book "Pippi settles in the" Chicken "villa"

In 1954 Astrid Lindgren wrote the story "Mio, My Mio", in 1955 - "The Kid and Carlson". In 1961, "Three stories about Malysh and Karlson" were published in the USSR: their lifetime circulation in Russian amounted to more than 5 million copies

“I drink summer like wild bees drink honey. I am putting together a huge ball of summer so that it will last for ... for the time when ... there will be another time ... Do you know who this is? ...
- There are sunrises and blueberries, blue with berries, and freckles, as you have on your hands, and moonlight over the evening river, and the starry sky, and the forest in the midday heat, when the sunlight plays in the tops of the pines, and the evening rain, and everything around ... and squirrels, and foxes, and moose, and all the wild horses that we know, and swimming in the river, and riding horses. Do you understand? The whole lump of dough from which summer is baked. "

Roni, the robber's daughter

“The journalists are so stubborn. Just leave a blank space in the newspaper and write: "There should have been something about Astrid Lindgren, but she did not want to participate in it" "
From 1946 to 1970 Astrid Lindgren worked as a children's literature editor at Raben & Sjögren, which published all of her books, and hosted quizzes on Swedish radio and television.

"Today in our world there are so many dictators, tyrants, oppressors, tormentors ... What kind of childhood did they have?"
In 1976, Astrid Lindgren published the adult tale "Pomperiposs of Monismania" about an overly tough tax policy, and in 1985 sent a tale of a loving cow against animal abuse to Stockholm newspapers. As a result, the Lex Lindgren Animal Welfare Act (Lindgren Act) was passed in Sweden in 1988
Photo: Constantin-Film / ullstein bild via Getty Images

“God save me from the Nobel Prize! Nellie Sachs died from getting her, I'm sure the same will happen to me. "
In 1958, Astrid Lindgren received the Hans Christian Andersen Medal (also called Nobel Prize in children's literature), and in 1969 - the Swedish State Prize for Literature