Pablo Picasso (Picasso, Pablo) (1881-1973) - French artist, Spanish by origin. Sculptor, graphic artist, painter, ceramist and designer. Together with Georges Braque, he is the founder of Cubism.
Pink period "- the conventional name of the period in creativity Pablo Picasso... This period is limited to the years 1905-1906. The name arose in contrast to the definition of the previous "blue period" in the artist's work (1904-1905), when sad blue colors prevailed in his palette. In the "pink period," the artist favored pink-gold and pink-gray tones, and the characters were itinerant comedians, dancers and acrobats; the paintings of this period are imbued with the spirit of the tragic loneliness of the disadvantaged. The sadness and poverty of the "blue period" was replaced by images from the more lively world of theater and circus, and the color of his paintings began to be determined by gentle pink, ocher, red tones. The transition from "blue" to "pink" period is considered famous painting Pablo Picasso "Girl on the Ball". For works " pink period A lot of material was provided by the Medrano circus, located at the foot of the Montmartre hill. Travel to Spain in 1906 gave a new impetus to the search for the artist and served as the end of the "pink period".
Acrobats (Mother and Son)
Family of comedians
Large-scale exhibition “Picasso. Blue and pink " opens September 18 in Paris. Early masterpieces of the genius will be collected for her from all over the world, including the Pushkin Museum in Moscow.
Beggar youth, acute experiences, trips to Paris, attempts to establish themselves on its artistic scene, experiments with form and color, continuous search for oneself - six years of personal and creative throwing, which went down in history under the name of the "blue" and "pink" periods, will become plot of a grandiose exhibition. This is the first time an exhibition dedicated entirely to this short but fruitful segment of life will be held in France.
In addition to painting and graphics, the exhibition will show engravings and the first sculptural experiments of Picasso, as well as archival materials. One of the curators' tasks is to fit the young Spaniard into the context of the Parisian scene, placing it next to, and other contemporaries.
The chronological exposition will begin in 1900. Picasso is 19 years old and he comes to the capital of France for the first time and everything artistic world together with friend Carlos Casagemos to the World's Fair. The first works were inspired by walks in pubs and brothels. In the summer of 1901, the one who noticed the young genius arranges the first exhibition of Picasso in his gallery. The sudden death of Kasagemos becomes the impetus for sad reflections on life, loneliness, old age and death, multiplied by his own poverty.
Picasso then returns to Spain, then at the first opportunity rushes back to Paris, infected with the freedom and creative air of Montmartre. He paints melancholic portraits of Spanish friends and life-worn poor. They are being replaced by acrobats, athletes, and traveling circus performers, and with them a new color scheme.
The final of the exhibition is half a step before the "Maidens of Avignon". In mid-1906, Picasso spent several weeks in the mountainous village of Gosol in the Spanish Pyrenees, where he experimented with body depiction, mixing classical ideals with archaic and primitive ones. The figures are deformed, broken into fragments and already herald the appearance of Cubism.
The exhibition will bring together over 300 works from museums and private collections around the world, including Japan, China and Canada, and, of course, leading institutions in Europe and America.
Among the masterpieces - the program for the "blue" period painting "Life" from the Cleveland Museum of Art, which will be shown for the first time in France, "Harlequin" from and "Nude on a red background", which belonged to Marchand Paul Guillaume (now - in Paris).
Pushkinskiy will share the "Girl on the Ball" on the cover of the catalog, and "The Spanish Woman from the Island of Mallorca" from the former collection. The hit of the Rockefeller collection - "Girl with a basket of flowers", recently sold for $ 115 million (according to some sources, it was bought by the family of art dealers Namad, which has the richest collection), will also be at the exhibition.
The exhibition was prepared by Orsay in cooperation with the Parisian, which will show the exposition at the same time.
And from Orsay, the exhibition in a reduced volume will go to the Beyeler Foundation in Basel, where it will open on February 3 next year.
Pablo Picasso
"Self-portrait"
1901
Photo © RMN-Grand Palais (Musée national Picasso-Paris) / Mathieu Rabeau
Pablo Picasso
"Harlequin"
1901
© Succession Picasso / 2018, ProLitteris, Zurich
Photo © The Metropolitan Museum of Art / Art Resource / Scala, Florence
Pablo Picasso
"The Acrobat and the Young Harlequin"
1905
Private collection
© Succession Picasso / 2018, ProLitteris, Zurich
Pablo Picasso
"Girl in a shirt"
1905
© Succession Picasso / 2018, ProLitteris, Zurich
© Tate, London 2017
Pablo Picasso
« Nude on a red background "
c. 1906
Photo © RMN-Grand Palais (Musée d'Orsay) / Hervé Lewandowski
© Succession Picasso 2018
Acrobat and Young Harlequin 1905
The "blue" and "pink" periods in the work of the Spanish artist Pablo Picasso are the time of the formation of the artist's individual style. At this time, there was a departure from impressionism, the inheritance of the stylistics of Toulouse-Lautrec, Degas and other famous artists.
"Blue" period (1901-1904)
Self-portrait. 1901
It got its name because of the general tone of the paintings, made in blue and blue tones, united by the mood of despair and loneliness. Some of the first works of this period were Self-Portrait (1901) and The Absinthe Drinker (1901). Most of the heroes of Picasso's paintings are representatives of the lower strata of society, disadvantaged, sick or vicious people. Among the later "blue" works, it is worth noting the paintings "Head of a Woman" (1902-1903), "Breakfast of the Blind" (1903), "Old Jew with a Boy" (1903), "Iron Woman" (1904). From an aesthetic point of view, it is important to switch to new ways of depicting, excluding unnecessary details from the composition, and a number of other solutions that allow the viewer to focus on the emotions evoked by the painting. At the same time, these works by Picasso cannot be fully considered original, because they partially use motives and techniques characteristic of Spanish painting. The realities of life strongly influenced the formation of such an emotional mood of the paintings. The beginning of the "blue" period is associated with the suicide of a close friend of the artist Carlos Casagemas in 1901. The proximity of death, loneliness, the forced return to Barcelona in 1903 due to lack of funds influenced the depression of the paintings.
"Girl on the Ball" - the balance between life and death
Girl on the Ball. 1905
This painting, painted in 1905, is a characteristic piece of the transition period. The times when pain, despair and suffering in the artist's paintings are gradually disappearing, they are replaced by an interest in living human joys, which are personified by circus performers and artists. The content of this work, built on contrasts (movement and statics, a girl and an athlete, lightness and heaviness, etc.), fully corresponds to the symbolism of the transition between the bitterness of death and the joys of life.
"Pink" period (1904 - 1906)
The gradual transition to the "pink" period in his work was marked as early as 1904, when positive changes began to take place in the artist's life: moving to the ebullient center of avant-garde life - to the artists' dormitory in Montmartre, falling in love with Fernando Olivier, acquaintance with many interesting people, among whom were Matisse and Gertrude Stein. The main theme works of this period, performed in pink, red, pearl colors, became the comedians of the Medrano circus. The paintings are distinguished by a variety of subjects, dynamics and movement. At the same time, the artist continues to develop an individual style, formed in the "blue" period. This time includes the works "The Acrobat and the Young Harlequin" (1905), "Family of Comedians" (1905), "Jester" (1905), etc. At the end of the "pink" period, images inspired by ancient myths appear in Picasso's paintings: "Girl with a goat "(1906)," Boy leading a horse "(1906), interest in the depiction of nudity" Combing "(1906), Nude boy (1906).
The "pink period" in Picasso's work was relatively short-lived (from the fall of 1904 to the end of 1906) and not entirely homogeneous. However, a large number of paintings are marked by a light color, the appearance of pearl-gray, ocher and pink-red tones; new themes appear and become dominant - actors, acrobats, athletes. Circus Medrano, located at the foot of the Montmartre Hill, certainly provided a lot of material for the artist. Theatricality in many of its manifestations (costumes, accented gestures), a variety of types of people, beautiful and ugly, young and adults, as if they returned the artist to the world of somewhat transformed, but real forms, volumes, spaces; the images were filled with life again, in contrast to the characters of the "blue period".
Already at the exhibition in the Serurier Gallery (February 25 - March 6, 1905), paintings were shown, marking the beginning of a new stage in the master's work: "The Actor" and "Seated Nude". Also at the beginning of the "pink period" are the wonderful "Woman in a shirt", "Acrobats. Mother and son". One of the recognized masterpieces of this period is the painting "The Family of Comedians", which is also distinguished by its considerable size (more than two meters in height and width) and the corresponding ambitious design.
Interest in classic form appeared in "Nudes" in 1906. The images of young people, women (for example, in "The Boy Leading a Horse" or in "The Toilet") demonstrate beauty and a rare serenity in Picasso's work, which fits well into the traditional aesthetics of beauty.
However, in the same 1906, a trip to Spain, to Gosol - a small village in the Catalan Pyrenees - gave impetus to a new search for the artist. The person who seeks to become a mask is already letting know about these impulses.
All works of the "pink" period by year
A branded set with cups, a teapot and a sugar bowl .. The surface of the cups can be matte and glossy, here is what you like best, a bright or dull mug, they are all nice to us personally. We can also offer you coffee cups with a saucer, and we can apply the logo both on the cup and on the surface of the saucer, and we can even print your logo inside the teacup. If you often hold business meetings and your office is visited by delegations of partners, new and old clients, then it will be very prestigious for you to drink ..."Pink" period
The "pink" period in the work of Picasso did not last long - from the fall of 1904 to the end of 1906. Most of the paintings are sustained in light colors, pearl-gray, ocher and pink-red tones appear. There were also new images - actors, acrobats, athletes. At the foot of the Montmartre hill, the Medrano circus was located, here Picasso found themes for his works. Theatricality, a variety of human types, beauty and ugliness, youth and maturity - all this returned the artist to a multicolored world full of various emotions. Accordingly, his palette has changed, blue-green cold and sad tones have ceased to dominate on it. A kind of bridge between the "blue" and "pink" periods was the work "A Woman in a Shirt".
From February 25 to March 6, 1905, an exhibition was held at the Serurier Gallery, at which Picasso showed his new works. During this period, "Actor", "Acrobats. Mother and Son ”,“ A Family of Comedians ”- a huge canvas 2 × 2 m. Picasso painted naked women, young people, and their beauty and plasticity perfectly conveyed the serenity that reigned in his soul.
The recognized masterpiece of the "pink" period was the famous painting "Girl on a Ball", painted in delicate pearl, pink, blue tones, with a new sense of air and space. The light, flexible figure of an acrobat girl balancing on a ball contrasts with the massiveness of a stable cube on which a hero athlete sits.
The continued relationship with the beautiful Fernanda Olivier, who, in addition to the unearthly beauty, turned out to be an excellent hostess, also contributed to the joyful feeling of life. For tiny money, she managed to cook a delicious, hearty dinner and feed not only Pablo, but also his friends who wandered into the light. When some extra money appeared, the artist visited the "Nimble Donkey" cafe. At the same time, he made acquaintance with several junk dealers who bought his paintings for a pittance.
In February 1905, several works by Picasso were exhibited at the Serurier Gallery on Boulevard Haussmann. Apollinaire wrote an article about him, where he predicted a great future for the painter. A personal philanthropist, the official Olivier Sencer, also appeared, thanks to whom the artist received a residence permit in France and some money for his drawings. At the same time, Picasso met collectors from different countries- the Russian merchant Sergei Shchukin, the German esthete without much work, Wilhelm Uhde, and the Americans Gertrude and Leo Stein, a writer and pianist. Brother and sister Steina helped Pablo out of poverty by paying generously for his work. Steins also introduced Picasso to Henri Matisse, which turned out to be extremely significant for the young master. True, communication was somewhat traumatic for Pablo: free and self-confident Matisse spoke lengthy monologues, and Picasso, who spoke French badly, could only agree one-wordly. He also had an eccentric playwright friend Alfred Jarry, a lover of absinthe, ether and shooting. He always carried a pistol in his pocket and in a cafe shot at friends whom he considered too sober. Once the weapon was taken away from him and ... he was given to Picasso. He, however, did not justify the trust, since he used the pistol with the same extravagance as the previous owner. Thank God, there were no excesses.
Thanks to the generosity of the Steins, on May 20, 1906, Picasso, together with Fernanda Olivier, went on a trip to Spain and stopped in the small village of Gosol in the Catalan Pyrenees. Started new period his creative quest.
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