Each properly organized construction must have well-written construction documentation, which, as a rule, includes the development of documents such as a traffic management project (abbreviated as POD), construction organization project (abbreviated as POS) and work production project (abbreviated as PPR). All these documents are capable of ensuring the safety of employees during construction and installation work, ensuring the correct organization of the actual construction of the facility itself, as well as improving the quality of the construction work performed.
Today, due to the fact that construction work has become more varied high degree gravity, there was a need to create and more responsible development of technological and technical solutions that are used in the production of work. That is why the main and most significant document in the system of organizational and technological training becomes the PPR document in construction - download for free, which can be found at the end of this article.
This document contains a list of technological rules, requirements for labor protection and safety and environmental safety, among other things. Based on the work project, construction work is organized and determined necessary materials and resources, the deadlines for completing the work are determined and possible risks are worked out.
Who develops the PPR?
Work projects for the construction of new structures or for the reconstruction or expansion of any facility are developed by general contracting construction and installation enterprises. If PPRs are ordered by a general contracting or subcontracting construction and installation organization, then they can be developed by design and technology institutes or design and engineering organizations.
It should also be noted that sometimes, when carrying out large volumes of work, PPRs are drawn up not for the object as a whole, but for a specific type of work, for example, for the installation of prefabricated structures, earthworks, for roofing work, etc. Previously, such documents were called work organization projects (abbreviated POR), but in the current standards SNiP 12-01-2004 instead of SNiP 3.01.01-85, they are also called WPR with the caveat that these are projects for the production of specific works. When carrying out such certain types of work related to general construction, special or installation work, PPRs are developed by companies that are directly involved in this.
Composition of PPR
- Work schedule;
- Technological maps;
- Construction master plan;
- Schedules for receipt of construction materials, products and equipment at the site;
- Lists of technological equipment and installation equipment;
- Worker movement schedules around the facility;
- Solutions for geodetic work;
- Safety solutions;
- Explanatory note, which should contain:
- justification of decisions on the implementation of certain types of work, including those performed in winter;
- calculations of temporary utility networks;
- measures that would ensure the safety of materials, products and structures, as well as equipment at the construction site;
- a list of mobile structures with calculation of the need and justification of the conditions for their location on the construction site;
- measures to protect these structures from damage, as well as environmental measures.
But it is worth noting that only 4 documents remain the main ones in the PPR: construction plan, work schedule, explanatory note and technical map. Let's look at them in more detail.
The key PPR document in construction is, of course, the work schedule. The success of the entire project largely depends on the literacy of its development. In short, the calendar plan is a model of construction production, in which the sequence and timing of construction work at the site are clearly and accurately established.
The second most important PPR document remains the construction master plan (or abbreviated construction plan). The quality of its preparation primarily determines the reduction of costs for organizing a construction site, which at the same time allows for the creation of safe working conditions for workers. When developing a construction plan, specialists take into account various methods of organizing a construction site, from which the most rational one is subsequently selected.
The next no less important PPR document is the technological map, which determines the most optimal methods and sequence of performing a particular type of work. In addition, labor costs are calculated here, the necessary resources are determined and the organization of labor is described. Technological maps, as a rule, include graphic and text documents, which may include workplace diagrams, which indicate the scope of work and the boundaries of the areas into which the object is divided. In principle, technological maps can be of three types:
- typical without reference to specific objects;
- typical with reference to standard objects;
- individual with reference to a specific project
And the last important element of the PPR can be called an explanatory note, in which, as mentioned above, all kinds of labor protection measures are indicated, the conditions and complexity of construction are determined, the presence of warehouses and temporary structures is justified, etc. In addition, in explanatory note technical and economic indicators of construction are given.
You can download the PPR for construction.
PPR and technological maps for the installation of metal structures of buildings and structures are developed without fail during the construction, repair or reconstruction of buildings (warehouses, production bases, hangars, factory workshops, offices, gas stations, car dealerships, ...) and structures (tanks, overpasses, sports facilities, …). Carrying out work in the absence of these documents is prohibited. This may entail a stop of work from the authorities of Rostekhnadzor, the Customer, if work is being carried out on its territory, or other interested parties. It is also important that such a violation is subject to fines and other administrative measures.
At the stage of organizational preparation for the construction project, the Contractor, under an agreement with a specialized organization or on its own, is obliged to develop and agree with the Customer a PPR, PPRk and technological maps for the installation of metal structures. All decisions provided for therein are binding.
We develop PPR, PPRk and technological maps for the installation of metal structures of any objects. We take into account all customer requirements and bring all approvals to completion. We eliminate the identified comments during the verification stages and add additional missing data free of charge within the framework of the signed contract. The price of preparation is determined based on the provided initial data.
Project for the installation of metal structures
When performing work on the installation of building frames, warehouses (beams, trusses, rafters, braces, columns, braces, ...), metal structures of tanks (bottom, racks, wall, roof, fences, stairs, stiffening rings ...) and racks for pipes and cables (racks, connections, beams, stairs, supports and consoles of pipelines and cable lines, ...), etc. it is necessary to develop a work plan for the installation of metal structures.
The complete work permit, with reference to local conditions, distribution of installation work into stages and taking into account the work being carried out in parallel, is issued to the responsible contractor. In turn, he familiarizes all working personnel with it against signature.
Installation diagrams metal structures consist of a plan of the building and structure, locations of installation equipment. The boundary of the dangerous zone of collapse from mounted structures is indicated on the construction plan in the form of a red line with flags. The PPR includes technological maps for individual methods of work performed.
Technological maps for the installation of metal structures
IN technological maps For the installation of metal structures, it is necessary to provide methods for carrying out work with fastening methods. In the case of fastening structural elements to bolted connections, the technical documentation indicates the sequence of stages for preparation and lifting to the installation site. The tension forces of the bolts are indicated if there are requirements for bolting with controlled tension or without it if there is none. When fastening to welded joints, it is additionally necessary to develop welding flow charts.
Installation of vertically standing elements before their final design fastening, the technological maps describe the method of temporarily fastening them with braces to existing structures. Thereby excluding their possible collapse of loose elements of buildings and structures. After final fastening, the metal structures are aligned and straightened. Maximum deviations are contained in the “Quality Control” section of each technological sheet.
The technical specification is not drawn up for the entire facility as a whole, but specifically for operations. For example: a technical map for the enlarged assembly of metal structures at the installation site, a technical map for the installation of beams and vertical braces by welding, a technical map for fastening horizontal braces with bolts with controlled tension. Fastening structures at height can be done both from lifts and from scaffolding and scaffolding. Technological maps are also being developed for these works.
PPRk for installation of metal structures
In addition to the project for carrying out work on the installation of metal structures, the development of PPRk is also being carried out. It involves the selection and placement of lifting mechanisms at the construction site. The selection of truck cranes for installation is carried out according to the load-height characteristics of the crane, the parameters of the object under construction and the weight of the elements being lifted.
The PPRk contains diagrams for slinging mounted elements, horizontal and vertical connections of cranes, safety requirements, diagrams of the location of slingers and the person in charge at the time of slinging, slinging and lifting, diagrams of the joint operation of the crane and lifts for people (if they are used at the site).
Here you can see examples of work projects
PPRk (Crane Work Project)
The installation and safe operation of three tower cranes during the construction of a series of monolithic residential buildings. Due to cramped conditions, the cranes operate with a limited service area.
Stationary tower cranes of the Jaso J110N and Jaso J140N brands erect structures of a 19-story building from elevation 0.000 to elevation. +63.000. The cranes are mounted on foundation supports with a slab elevation of -2.200, with tower anchorage.
The maximum load lifted by cranes at a reach of 2.5-15 m is 5 tons, at a reach of 15-40 m - 2.5 tons.
Tower cranes are used at all stages of construction of the underground and above-ground parts of the building, namely:
- for unloading from vehicles and storing materials and products as they arrive at the construction site
- for supplying packs of reinforcement, reinforced mesh and formwork, as well as for supplying concrete in buckets during the construction of monolithic structures
- for supplying small-piece materials and mortar to the installation horizon
- for supplying and removing construction equipment, equipment, consumables, etc. from the building.
Project scope: Explanatory note A4 - 35 sheets, drawings A1 - 5 sheets
This is an example of a work permit for excavation of a pit under the protection of sheet piling. Excavation is carried out in 3 stages.
- Stage 1. Work at the level of 135.50÷134.60 is carried out by a Hitachi ZX 200 excavator with a bucket capacity of 0.8 m3 (maximum digging radius - 9.75 m, maximum digging depth - 6.49 m) equipped with a backhoe bucket with loading of soil into dump trucks. With a lag of 4 meters from the operation of the Hitachi ZX 200 excavator, the installation of the strapping belt (1 I-beam N45 B2) is carried out. Installation is carried out using a truck crane according to a separately developed design and maintenance plan.
- Stage 2. Work at level 132.50 is carried out with a Hitachi ZX 200 excavator. At this level, a pit is developed to a design depth of 127.84÷127.84 m, by excavating and moving the soil into a dump truck. With a lag of 4 meters from the operation of the ZX 200 excavator, a spacer structure is made, consisting of a strapping belt (2 I-beams N45 B2), spacers made of pipes 426x10mm in axes 1÷10 and struts, as well as pipes 630x12mm in axes 11÷16. Installation is carried out using a truck crane according to a separately developed design and maintenance plan.
- Stage 3. Excavation of slopes is carried out by developing and moving soil with a Bobcat S330 excavator into the work area of a Hitachi ZX 225 grab. The grab brings the developed soil to the surface and loads it into a dump truck. The Bobcat S330 excavator is released from the pit upon completion of the work by a truck crane according to a separately developed work permit.
On last stage The berm soil is excavated under the installed jibs of the sheet piling fence of the pit using a mini excavator.
Project scope: Explanatory note A4 - 28 sheets, drawings A1 - 5 sheets
Project for the installation of a water pipeline using the auger method
Laying a water pipeline in a case constructed using a closed auger tunneling method. The excavation of a rectangular working pit and a round receiving shaft is also being considered.
Work on laying pipes using auger tunneling is carried out in several stages:
- 1st stage. Pushing the pilot line, consisting of rods and a pilot head, to the length of the interval from the starting pit to the receiving pit. The exact direction of the route is ensured by a system for monitoring the position of the pilot head, information about the position of which is displayed on the monitor screen suspended in the launch shaft.
- 2nd stage. Punching of casing steel pipes and expander mounted in the starting pit on the last rod of the pilot line within the length of the entire interval between the pits. Pushing out working pipes from the starting pit with simultaneous removal of the squeezed out casing steel pipes in the receiving pit. The casing pipes are being pressed with a drilling head at the head of the pipe string, which serves to develop soil in the face; soil is transported from the face to the bucket in the starting pit by a screw conveyor.
- 3rd stage. Pushing working pipes with a diameter less than or equal to the diameter of the casing pipes, with simultaneous pushing of the casing pipes and screw conveyor links into the receiving pit and their disassembly. When the diameter of the working pipes is less than the diameter of the casing, the construction gap (space) formed between the working pipeline and the inner surface of the excavation must be filled with cement mortar.
Project scope: Explanatory note A4 - 25 sheets, drawings A1 - 4 sheets
PPR for installation of sheet piling and bored piles
An example of a project plan for the installation of sheet piling fencing for a pit in the security zone of a power transmission line. Making bored piles: drilling a hole with augers, installing the reinforced frame of the pile with a drilling rig, filling the pile with concrete mixture using the bottom-up method.
Drilling of bored piles Ø620 mm is carried out using a Hitachi-based drilling rig
Drilling of each well should begin after an instrumental check of the grades of the planned surface of the earth and the position of the contour axes on the site.
Concreting of piles is carried out by feeding concrete mixture into the well through hollow augers.
As concrete is fed into the well, the auger sections are lifted and dismantled, and the level of concrete in the well must be at least 1 m higher than the bottom of the auger. The distance between the bottom of the well and the lower end of the auger when concreting begins should not exceed 30 cm.
Project scope: Explanatory note A4 - 20 sheets, drawings A1 - 6 sheets
Project for the installation of scaffolding
Example of a project plan for installing scaffolding on the facade of a building under construction
Rack-mounted attached clamp scaffolding is a spatial frame-tier system mounted from tubular elements: racks, cross members, longitudinal and diagonal braces, which are connected to each other using node connections - clamps.
The scaffolding is fastened to the wall using anchors placed in holes punched in the walls with a diameter of 14 mm.
Scaffolding must be attached to the wall of the building under construction. Fastening is carried out through at least one tier for fastening racks, through two spans for the upper tier and one fastening for every 50 sq.m of projection of the scaffolding surface onto the building facade.
Project scope: Explanatory note A4 - 38 sheets, drawings A1 - 4 sheets
On what basis are you required to have a PPR? List of normative documents.
Newly purchased equipment that requires installation also needs to develop a work plan. This project describes in detail the progress of work, according to which the installation of technological equipment should be carried out.
Requirements for PPR for installation of equipment
The document must be in full compliance with construction standards and regulations. Measures for organizing safety, fire safety, and labor protection must be outlined.
The project for the installation of equipment consists of:
- An explanatory note containing all the details of the requirements for organizing the installation of equipment.
- The calculation and descriptive part, containing unified solutions for installation, assembly methods, describes the necessary types of welding work.
In the lists of installation equipment and fixtures, the planned volumes of activities and the requirements for materials (pipelines, metal structures, etc.) are calculated. The most suitable technologies for specific installation operations are also identified. This also includes a calendar with work schedules.
- A package of drawings and diagrams, including enlarged and technological drawings of the assembly of components and equipment, installation diagrams of lifts, equipment, scaffolding, as well as a diagram for connecting temporary electricity, water, gases and steam. The calculations carried out in the computational and descriptive part determine the required amount of energy resources.
The project for the installation of equipment must be confirmed by all parties who intend to take part in the work.
Why is it necessary to develop a work plan for equipment installation?
To optimize work, reduce its duration and reduce costs, it is advisable to use modern mechanization and technological solutions. For these purposes, any Work Production Project is created.
Installation and construction installation work must be completed within the specified time frame. At the same time, it is necessary to ensure fire and environmental safety, labor protection. All this is stipulated in the PPR and is mandatory for execution.
Who should develop the PPR
Development of the Project is the responsibility of the organization installing the equipment:
- When combining the functions of the Contractor and the Customer, this is the Developer.
- To perform specialized or individual types of work, this is a Contractor or Subcontractor.
In the contract construction method, this is the General Contractor.
The chief engineer or the head of the organization performing the installation approves ready-made plans for installation of equipment. Selected species installation work requires the development of separate PPR. They are approved by the contractors and must also be agreed upon with the General Contractor.
If installation work will be carried out on the territory of the enterprise, then the PPR should be agreed upon with the organization operating this territory.
According to the rules, the project for the installation of equipment must be agreed upon, approved and transferred to the construction site two months before the start of the planned installation work.
WORK PROJECT
PROJECT OF WORK FOR INSTALLATION OF TECHNOLOGICAL PIPELINES FOR LINKING TECHNOLOGICAL EQUIPMENT WITH PAINTING AND THERMAL INSULATION DEVICE KUPNK. Title 205
WORK PROJECT
FOR INSTALLATION OF TECHNOLOGICAL PIPELINES LINKING TECHNOLOGICAL EQUIPMENT WITH PAINTING AND THERMAL INSULATION DEVICE KUPNK. Title 205
1 GENERAL DATA
A work project is an organizational and technical document for production purposes, which regulates the rules for conducting construction work and the deadline for their execution, the procedure for engineering equipment and arrangement of the construction site, and labor protection and safety measures. The work project determines the technological discipline at the construction site, the quality, timing and safety of the work.
This work project was developed for the installation of process pipelines piping process equipment with painting and thermal insulation.
The project was developed based on the following sets of drawings:
- 5747203-(367-2/08)-3022-205-TI;
- 5747203-(367-2/08)-3022-205-TI.VIT;
- 5747203-(367-2/08)-3022-205-TI.THM.
The work process is regulated by the following regulatory and guidance documents:
1. SNiP 12-01-2004 "Organization of construction";
2. SNiP 3.01.03-84* “Geodetic work in construction”;
________________
* SNiP 3.01.03-84 are not valid. In exchange, SP 126.13330.2012 applies
3. SNiP 3.02.01-87* "Earth structures, foundations and foundations";
________________
* SNiP 3.02.01-87 are not valid. Instead, SP 45.13330.2012 "Earth structures, foundations and foundations. Updated edition of SNiP 3.02.01-87" was put into effect. - Database manufacturer's note.
4. SNiP 3.03.01-87 "Load-bearing and enclosing structures";
5. SNiP 3.04.03-85 “Protection of building structures and structures from corrosion”;
6. SNiP 3.01.04-87 "Acceptance into operation of completed construction facilities. Basic provisions";
7. SNiP 12-03-2001 “Labor safety in construction” part 1;
8. SNiP 12-04-2002 “Labor safety in construction” part 2;
9. SP 12-135-2003 "Labor safety in construction. Industry standard instructions on labor protection";
10. PPB-01-03* "Fire safety rules in Russian Federation", Ministry of Emergency Situations;
________________
*
PPB-01-03 don't work. Instead, the Fire Regulations in the Russian Federation apply. - Database manufacturer's note.
11. GOST 23407-78 “Inventory fencing for construction sites and construction sites”;
12. GOST 21779-82 "System for ensuring the accuracy of geometric parameters in construction. Technological tolerances";
13. GOST 7566-94 "Metal products. Acceptance, marking, packaging, transportation and storage";
14. GOST 24846-81 "Methods for measuring deformations of the foundations of buildings and structures";
15. GOST 2246-70 "Steel welding wire. Technical conditions";
16. GOST 23279-85 "Welded reinforcement mesh for reinforced concrete structures and products. General technical conditions";
17. GOST 5781-82* "Hot-rolled steel for reinforcement of reinforced concrete structures. Technical conditions";
________________
* GOST 23279-85 was canceled in the Russian Federation from 07/01/2013 with the introduction of GOST 23279-2012
18. GOST 5264-80 "Manual arc welding. Welded joints. Basic types, structural elements and dimensions";
19. GOST 9467-75 "Coated metal electrodes for manual arc welding of structural and heat-resistant steels. Types";
20. GOST R 52085-2003 “Formwork”;
21. GOST 21.101-97 "Basic requirements for design and working documentation";
22. GOST 24297-87* "Incoming product inspection";
________________
* GOST 24297-87 was canceled in the Russian Federation from 01/01/2014 with the introduction of GOST 24297-2013. - Database manufacturer's note.
23. GOST 28013-98 * "Construction mortars. General technical conditions";
24. GOST 7948-80 "Steel plumb lines for construction. Technical conditions";
25. GOST 9416-83 "Construction levels. Technical conditions";
26. GOST 7502-98 * "Metal measuring tapes. Technical conditions";
27. GOST 427-75 * "Metal rulers. Technical conditions";
28. GOST 12.3.002-75 "System of occupational safety standards. Production processes. General safety requirements" ;
29. GOST 12.1.004-85* "System of occupational safety standards. Fire safety. General requirements";
________________
* GOST 12.1.004-85 is not valid. Instead, GOST 12.1.004-91 applies. - Database manufacturer's note.
30. POT RM-007-98* “Inter-industry rules for labor protection during loading and unloading operations and placement of cargo”;
________________
* POT RM-007-98 are not valid. Instead, by order of the Ministry of Labor of Russia dated September 17, 2014 N 642n, the Rules for labor protection during loading and unloading operations and placement of cargo were approved. - Database manufacturer's note.
31. RD 10-40-93 "Standard instructions for engineering and technical workers to supervise the safe operation of lifting mechanisms."
The work project contains:
General provisions, list of equipment and personnel;
- technological map for installation of column block piping;
- technological map for painting the lining of the column block;
Technological map for insulating the piping of a block of columns;
- safety instructions.
Water supply is from the existing water supply.
Electricity supply for the construction period is provided from a distribution cabinet on the construction site, which is powered from the existing power line.
To ensure fire safety during construction, use an existing fire hydrant.
The work project provides for the use of modern means of mechanization of construction processes, compliance with labor protection and safe work requirements, and implementation of environmental protection measures. All workers involved in construction must be trained and have qualification certificates and must be provided with safety helmets and safety vests.
2 ORGANIZATION OF WORK
2.1 Preparatory period
Before starting work at the construction site, the following activities must be completed:
- The work manager, together with the Customer, must issue an approval certificate for construction and installation works on the territory of the existing enterprise, in accordance with clause 4.6 of SNiP 12-03-2001 “Labor safety in construction. Part 1. General requirements in the form of Appendix B;
- appoint by order persons (from among the engineers) certified in the field of industrial safety and having a certificate corresponding to the qualifications, responsible for labor protection, quality and proper performance of construction and installation work, fire safety, responsible for the good condition and safe operation GPM and equipment, etc.;
- develop measures for the safe conduct of construction, installation, commissioning and other types of work at the facilities of launch complexes in the conditions of existing production in the form of Appendix No. 6 of instruction No. P2-01 SP-218 I-001;
- issue a work permit for construction and installation work in hazardous or harmful factors, according to clause 4.11 of SNiP 12-03-2001 "Labor safety in construction. Part 1. General requirements" in the form of Appendix D;
- all workers and specialists, before starting work, must undergo training in accordance with the requirements of local regulatory documents on safety, industrial sanitation and fire safety in accordance with clause 4.5 of instructions N P2-01 SP-218 I-001;
- arrange a temporary fencing of the construction site 2 m high, in accordance with GOST 23.407-78;
- install a signal fence around the perimeter of hazardous areas during the operation of construction equipment and mechanisms;
- install an information board, as well as temporary road signs;
- arrange a wash of Neva-2 (or equivalent) wheels in case of equipment leaving for the city;
- disconnect and dismantle utility networks that fall into the building area;
- lay temporary power and water supply networks, arrange electric lighting;
- install administrative buildings;
- install temporary warehouses, sheds;
- deliver to the construction site structures and materials located in storage areas in the required quantity;
- deliver and prepare for operation mechanisms, equipment and installation equipment;
- create a geodetic alignment base;
- equip a specially designated area with primary fire extinguishing means;
- provide workers with the necessary tools, equipment, and protective equipment;
- conduct training and briefing of personnel on safety precautions.
2.2 Transportation and storage
The strapping elements should be delivered to the construction site using the MMC FUSO manipulator.
Preparation of metal structures for transportation must comply with GOST 26653. Metal structures with cross-sectional dimensions up to 50 mm inclusive are tied into bundles, skeins or bundles of skeins, and over 50 mm - bundled into bundles at the request of the consumer. Bent profiles are tied into bundles.
The cross-section of packs of metal structures, depending on the size and shape of the cross-section, should approach a circle, rectangle or hexagon. By agreement between the manufacturer and the consumer, a different cross-section of the packs is allowed.
When packing metal structures of measured length, the ends of the bundle must be aligned on one side, the protruding ends on the other side must not exceed the maximum length deviations established in the regulatory documentation (ND) for specific types of rental products. By agreement between the manufacturer and the consumer, packaging without aligning the ends is allowed.
During loading and unloading operations, transportation and storage, metal structures must be protected from mechanical damage, for which they should be laid in a stable position on wooden supports and secured (during transportation) with the help of inventory fasteners, such as clamps, clamps, turnstiles, cassettes, etc. .p. Deformed structures must be rejected and replaced with new ones. Do not drop structures from vehicles or drag them on any surface. During loading, slings made of soft material should be used.
The weight of a pack of metal structures, as well as unpackaged rolled products, should not exceed:
- for manual loading and unloading - 80 kg (up to 25 kg per worker);
- with mechanized loading and unloading - up to 1.6 tons.
The passage of vehicles with metal structures, as well as unloading, must be under the strict control of the person responsible for the safe movement of cargo.
Mineral wool boards and sheet metal are also delivered to the construction site using the MMC FUSO manipulator. The elements and materials received at the construction site are placed in the operating area of the installation crane. All materials must be stored in a position corresponding to transport, sorted by size. It is necessary to store materials under a canopy in conditions that prevent their damage.
2.3 Workplace organization
Workplaces must be illuminated in accordance with the requirements of GOST 12.1.046-85, table 1:
Table 1
Lighting standards for workplaces
|
Construction sites and work areas |
Lowest illumination, lux |
The plane in which illumination is normalized |
Level of the surface on which illumination is normalized |
|
1. Loading, installation, lifting, unloading of equipment, building structures, parts and materials by cranes |
Horizontal |
At the sites for receiving and supplying equipment, parts designs and materials |
|
|
Vertical |
On the crane hooks in all positions from the operator's side |
||
|
2. Non-mechanized unloading and loading of structures, parts, materials and tilting |
Horizontal |
At cargo reception and delivery sites |
|
|
3. Installation of structures |
Horizontal |
Throughout the entire height of the assembly |
|
|
Vertical |
|||
|
4. Integrated assembly of strapping elements (docking, welding) |
Horizontal |
At ground or work surface level |
|
|
Vertical |
Throughout the entire height of work |
||
|
5. Approaches to workplaces |
Horizontal |
On formworks, platforms and approaches |
|
|
6. Storage room for small technological equipment and installation materials |
Horizontal |
At floor level |
Concentrations of harmful substances in the air of the working area, as well as noise and vibration levels at workplaces should not exceed established sanitary and hygienic standards.
Microclimate parameters must comply with sanitary rules and standards for hygienic requirements for the microclimate of industrial premises.
Machines and units that create noise during operation should be operated in such a way that sound levels in workplaces, areas and on the construction site do not exceed the permissible values specified in sanitary standards.
When operating machines, as well as when organizing workplaces, to eliminate the harmful effects on workers of increased noise levels, the following should be used:
- technical means (reducing machine noise at the source of its formation; application technological processes, at which sound levels at workplaces do not exceed permissible levels, etc.);
- remote control;
- personal protective equipment;
- organizational measures (choice of a rational mode of work and rest, reducing the time of exposure to noise factors in the work area, treatment, preventive and other measures).
Areas with sound levels above 80 dBA are indicated with danger signs. Working in these areas without wearing personal hearing protection is not permitted. Workers are not allowed to stay in areas with sound levels above 135 dBA.
Production equipment that generates vibration must meet the requirements of sanitary standards.
2.4 Geodetic works
During the work, geodetic control is carried out. Control consists of checking compliance with basic design requirements. Geodetic control should be carried out directly during the execution of work, after completion of work at the site or site, when accepting work from the performers.
Alignment work begins with reference to the reference geodetic base; during the construction process, the work must ensure that it is carried out in situ from the points of the geodetic alignment base with a given accuracy of axes and marks.
A geodetic alignment basis for construction should be created taking into account:
- design and existing placement of buildings (structures) and utility networks at the construction site;
- ensuring the safety and stability of signs fixing the points of the alignment base;
- geological, temperature, dynamic processes and other impacts in the construction area that may have an adverse effect on the quality of construction of the alignment base;
- use of the created geodetic alignment base during the operation of the constructed facility, its expansion and reconstruction.
The accuracy of constructing the construction site alignment network should be taken in accordance with the data given in SNiP 3.01.03-84*.
________________
* SNiP 3.01.03-84 is not valid. Instead, SP 126.13330.2012 “Geodetic work in construction. Updated edition of SNiP 3.01.03-84” was put into effect. - Database manufacturer's note.
During the operational period the following is checked:
- safety and immutability of the position of the plan-height base;
- compliance with the setting out of structural elements and alignment axes;
- accuracy of transfer of the main axes of structures;
- correctness of the plan-height position of all structural elements.
During the acceptance control process upon completion of construction, the following is controlled:
- compliance of all geometric parameters of the earthen structure with the requirements of the project and regulatory documents;
- timely and reliable completion of as-built surveys during the construction of column block linings and upon its completion.
The result of this work is as-built geodetic documentation.
Geodetic foundation signs must be supervised during the construction process. Their safety and stability are constantly checked.
All geodetic work during the construction period must be recorded in a work log, which is maintained in parallel with the general work log by the supervisor directly carrying out the construction of this facility.
All executive geodetic documentation is signed by the performing surveyor, chief engineer or person responsible for the work. Acceptance and delivery documentation includes:
- As-built surveys of the mounted piping elements of the column block.
All diagrams indicate the design and actual dimensions or deviations from the design dimensions in height and in plan. The coordinate and elevation system is local. The relative level of 0.000 is taken to be 276.150.
Signed as-built surveys are transferred to the Customer along with acts for hidden work to confirm the scope of work completed.
General management of geodetic control is assigned to the chief engineer.
The results of control observations are recorded in logs.
Table 3
List of equipment and tools for geodetic work
|
Name of equipment, tools |
Note |
||
|
Total station |
|||
|
Level |
|||
|
Leveling rod |
|||
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Geodetic pole |
StandardIf the payment procedure on the payment system website has not been completed, cash An error has occurred The payment was not completed due to a technical error, cash from your account |