Political life of the country after the October 17 manifesto. Features of the formation of political parties in Russia

Test 2 Determine the results and consequences of the revolution of 1905 - 1907: 1) Abolition of redemption payments 2) Reduction of working hours 3) Proclamation of a democratic republic 4) Introduction of democratic freedoms in Russia 5) Abolition of estates and estate privileges

Test 3 The priority task of Russian foreign policy in Far East at the beginning of the twentieth century. was: 1) Strengthening influence in Manchuria 2) Annexation of territory North Korea 3) Conclusion of a military alliance with Japan against Korea 4) Signing of an agreement establishing the border with China

Topic study plan 1. Features of formation political parties Russia. 2.Main political parties: 1.Liberal 2.Socialist orientation (left) 3.Conservative (right) 3.Reforms of the state system. I and II State Dumas. June 3rd coup d'etat.

Questions What was the political system like? Russian Empire at the beginning of the twentieth century? What was the form of government in the Russian Empire at the beginning of the twentieth century? What changes did the Manifesto of October 17, 1905 bring to Russian society? What civil rights did the population of Russia receive?

Russian parties at the beginning of the 20th century. Questions of comparison SocialistLiberalConservative Parties (leaders) Socialist-Revolutionaries (V.M. Chernov) RSDLP (Lenin, Martov) Cadets (P.N. Milyukov), Octobrists (A.I. Guchkov) “Russian Assembly” (Suvorin), “Union of the Russian People "(Purishkevich) Social composition Intelligentsia, workers, peasants Intelligentsia, bourgeoisie, landowners Landowners, clergy, big bourgeoisie, burghers, peasants GoalsDestruction of the blacks, autocracy Creation market economy, rule of law Preservation of the traditional foundations of politics and economics TacticsRevolution (armed uprising) Parliamentary struggle Various (pogroms, etc.)

Election system Indirect. Women, military personnel, and men under 25 years of age are deprived of voting rights. Indirect. Women, military personnel, and men under 25 years of age are deprived of voting rights. population of the curia Landowner (1) Urban (2) Peasant (15) Worker (45) electors deputies

I State Duma (1906) DumaWorking time ChairmanComposition I27/04/1906 - 09/07/1906 S.A. Muromtsev (cadet) Cadets (170) Trudoviks (100) Social Democrats (15) Autonomists (representatives of the outskirts - 70) Moderate and right (30) Non-partisan (100) Conflict between the Duma and the government over the solution of the agrarian issue.

II State Duma (1907) DumaWorking time ChairmanComposition II20/02/1907 – 03/06/1907 F.A. Golovin (cadet) Cadets (92) Trudoviki (101) Social Democrats (65) Socialist Revolutionaries (34) Right (22) ) People's Socialists (14) Conflict between the Duma and the government over the solution of the agrarian issue.

III State Duma (city) DumaWorking time ChairmanComposition III03/06/1907 – 09/06/1912 N.A. Khomyakov, A.I. Guchkov, M.V. Rodzianko (Octobrists) Octobrists (154) Progressives (28) Cadets (54) Trudoviks (13) Social Democrats (20) Right (147) “Political pendulum”

The Manifesto of October 17, 1905 proclaimed the creation of the Duma. The development of the Duma project was entrusted to Bulygin, it was he who called the Duma the State Duma. The State Council received the status of the upper chamber, and the State. Duma – lower.

Elections to the State Duma were not direct, not universal and not equal. From state elections The Duma excluded women, military personnel and men under 25 years of age. On December 11, 1905, four curiae of voters were created for the elections - landowner, city, peasant and worker. A significant part of the population was deprived of the right to vote - women, military personnel, men under 25 years of age, etc. There was one elector for every 90 thousand workers, 30 thousand peasants, 4 thousand city dwellers and 2 thousand landowners. This gave obvious advantages to the wealthy segments of the population.

And although the emperor retained the highest public administration, management of foreign policy, the right to declare war and conclude peace, as well as the supreme command of the armed forces, the appointment of senior officials, including ministers, etc., no law was adopted from now on without the approval of the Duma. Between sessions* the government could issue laws, but subsequently they had to be approved by the Duma, whose deputies were elected for a 5-year term.

The Cadets won, and began to play a leading role in the Duma.

The meetings were held in the Tauride Palace of Count Potemkin.

A few days later, the first Trudovik faction emerged - they advocated resolving the land issue.

The Cadets tried to influence the peasants, so they created “Project 42”, in which they proposed to give the peasants land.

In contrast to “Project 42”, the Trudoviks presented “Project 104” - in which they proposed allocating land to peasants according to the labor standard, for an equal distribution of land between peasants and landowners.

“Project 33” also appeared - the abolition of private property.

The authorities don’t like this; they want to disperse the Duma, but don’t know how.

Let's use a trick. The printing house spread a rumor that the Duma was dissolved 2 days ago. This was done in order to test the people's reaction. The people did not particularly rebel when they learned about the dissolution of the Duma, but the deputies themselves declared a protest and went to Vyborg, where they published the “Vyborg Appeal”, in which they called on the people not to pay taxes and not to be drafted into the army.

The deputies were convicted for this. And the government passed a law according to which people who were put on trial did not have the right to be deputies. Those. these people could no longer become deputies.

During the 72 days of the Duma’s work, it made only 2 decisions:

allocation of 50 million rubles. for the needs of the starving, but the Duma approved only 15 million;

law abolishing the death penalty.

THOSE. People didn’t see real things.

2 The State Duma, which opened on February 20, 1907, in its composition turned out to be even to the left of the First Duma due to the participation of revolutionary parties, the Bolsheviks and the Essers in the elections.

The Cadets, who set the tone in the First State Duma, lost their dominant positions. Based on sad experience, they put forward the slogan of saving the Duma, i.e. called on deputies to avoid situations fraught with early dissolution of popular representation. However, their tactics did not save the Duma, which was also dispersed by the government.

Once again, the main point of disagreement was the agrarian question. The left and liberals in the Duma could not give up their demands for the alienation of landowners' lands in one form or another. The Trudoviks, non-party deputies representing the peasantry, were especially active in favor of the free distribution of all land among the peasants. The government did not make any concessions on this issue.

On June 1, 1907, charges were brought against members of the Social Democratic faction of preparing an uprising with the aim of establishing a republic. Two days later, on June 3, 1907, the Second State Duma was dissolved and a new electoral law was published. The number of electors from peasants and workers was halved, and the voting rights of national minorities were sharply limited. This event went down in history as the June 3rd coup d'etat. With the dissolution of the Second Duma, the revolution ended. A political system arose in the country, called the June Third Monarchy. The government managed to cope with the revolutionary movement by force, but it was obvious that without fundamental reforms, especially in the agricultural sector, society could not avoid new upheavals.

What explained the rapid process of emergence of parties at the beginning of the 20th century?

Compare the composition of 1 and 2 State. Doom. What changes have occurred in it and why?

On page 52 of the textbook

§5, notes in notebooks, preparation for debates

Description of the presentation by individual slides:

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The beginning of the first Russian revolution § 3. I. We repeat the topic: The beginning of the revolution of 1905 - 1907. in Russia. II. We study new topic: 1. New government system Russia. 2. The main political parties and their programs 3. The State Duma and autocracy. II. Control: p. 48. c. 2 - table “Main political parties and their programs Lesson plan.

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3. The main events of the revolution: the year 1905. Historians consider the culmination of the revolution either the All-Russian strike and the Manifesto of October 17, or the December armed uprising in Moscow. From the end of 1905 the revolution began to decline. Date Event Result 01/09/1905 Bloody Sunday Shooting of workers. The beginning of the revolution. May 1905 Strike in Ivanovo-Voznesensk Workers created their own government body - the Council and workers' militia May 1905 Moscow. Congress of zemstvo and city leaders Supported the speedy adoption of the constitution 06/14/1905 Uprising on the battleship "Prince Potemkin Tauride" After a 12-day voyage, he surrendered to the Romanian authorities in the port Constanta. October 1905 The strike of M. railway workers turned into an all-Russian strike on October 17, 1905 Manifesto “On the improvement of public order” Proclaimed: democratic freedoms. The creation of a legislative State Duma was promised. November 1905 The uprising of the crew of the cruiser "Ochakov" was suppressed December 1905 The armed uprising was suppressed

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1. The new state system of Russia. On October 17, 1905, Nicholas II signed the Manifesto “On the Improvement of State Order.” On April 23, 1906, Nicholas II approved a new edition of the “Basic Laws of the Russian Empire.” The powers of the Duma were limited. The government was responsible to the sovereign. The Emperor led foreign policy, commanded the army and navy, received the right to early dissolve the Duma. State Council transformed into the upper house of the Duma. Rice. 1. Manifesto of October 17, 1905

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1. The new state system of Russia. More than half of the country's population did not receive the right to vote. In the spring of 1906, elections to the First State Duma took place. Rice. 2. Electoral law of December 11, 1905

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2. The main political parties and their programs Assignment: p. 42. in 3. check the parties and their leaders Attitude to the autocrat. Ideal State Court. devices Attitude to the agrarian question Restructuring of society Liberals Cadets. P.N. Miliukov; Octobrists - A.I. Guchkov Left and revolutionary democratic parties Social Revolutionaries - V.M. Chernov; RSDLP - Lenin Conservatives Russian Assembly - D.P. Golitsyn. Union of the Russian People - Purishkevich

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2. The main political parties and their programs Assignment: p. 42. in 3. Conclusion: parties and their leaders Attitude towards autocrat. Ideal State Court. devices Attitude to the agrarian question Restructuring of society Liberals Cadets. P.N. Miliukov; Octobrists - A.I. Guchkov denied the Constitutional monarchy or republic. Redemption of lands at the expense of the state and transfer in parts. land to peasants reforms Left and revolutionary democratic parties Social Revolutionaries – V.M. Chernov; Democrats denied. republic Socialization of land, transfer to the community. terror of the RSDLP - Lenin Proletar. dictatorship Socialist. revolution Conservatives Russian Assembly – D.P. Golitsyn. Union of the Russian People - Purishkevich Protection of the Autocrat. Absolute monarchy The right of peasants to acquire land, preservation of the community pogroms

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2. The main political parties and their programs Conclusion: Unlike the liberal and revolutionary democratic parties, the conservatives sought to preserve the existing order. Based on the text of §4 and the table, draw a conclusion about the differences in the political programs of conservative, liberal and revolutionary democratic parties. Conclusion to the table.

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Tauride Palace - meeting place of the State Duma 1906 - 1917. Opening of the First State Duma in Winter Palace 3. State Duma and autocracy. Rice. 3. Opening of the First State Duma.

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3. State Duma and autocracy. The most powerful Duma faction was created by the Cadets; they were supported by Octobrists, non-party members, and peasants - Trudoviks. They had an absolute majority. The monarchists did not enter the Duma. Rice. 4. Party composition of the 1st State Duma

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3. State Duma and autocracy. Duma deputies sought to implement reforms as quickly as possible. The main issue is the land issue. Exercise. 1). Find out how deputies proposed to resolve the land issue. 2). How did the government react to the land bill? 3). Why was the Duma dissolved after 2 months of work? P. 47.

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In countries Western Europe conservative, liberal and then socialist parties took shape throughout the 18th-19th centuries. In Russia, the process of forming political organizations was compressed over several years and occurred in a different sequence: first, parties of a socialist orientation arose, then liberal and, finally, conservative.

Many of them took shape after the publication of the Manifesto on October 17, 1905, which allowed the creation of political associations. The growth of liberal parties was especially facilitated by the campaigns for elections to the State Duma, and radical ones - by mass popular uprisings. Conservative-protective parties arose during the period of the highest upsurge of the revolution, when, in the opinion of their leaders, the defense of the autocracy became necessary.

1. Socialist parties (left)

Russian Social Democratic Labor Party

Social Democrats proceeded from the teachings of K. Marx, according to which the most advanced class is the industrial proletariat, growing with the development of industry, designed to make the transition to a new, more progressive than capitalist, social system.

The first illegal social democratic organizations, which saw their task as disseminating the ideas of Marxism among workers, arose in Russia in the 1890s. The creation of the Russian Social Democratic Labor Party (RSDLP) was proclaimed by its First Congress, held in Minsk in 1898. The program and charter of the party were adopted at the Second Congress, held in the summer of 1903 in Brussels and then in London. Supporters of V.I. enjoyed the greatest influence at the congress. Lenin.

As the immediate political task, the program of the RSDLP determined the overthrow of the tsarist autocracy and its replacement with a democratic republic. At this stage it was assumed: the establishment of an 8-hour working day, the introduction of a guaranteed minimum wages, insurance of workers at the expense of the state and employers, labor protection. It provided for the liquidation of landownership, the abolition of redemption payments, and the return to rural societies of sections - those lands that were cut off from the peasants during the abolition of serfdom. On the national question, the RSDLP recognized the right to self-determination for all nations that are part of the state; stipulated the possibility for ethnic minorities to receive education in native language, use it on a par with Russian in all local authorities authorities.

The long-term goal of the RSDLP was proclaimed to be the implementation of a socialist revolution, the replacement of private property with public means of production. A necessary condition for this was considered to be the establishment of the dictatorship of the proletariat, which “will allow it to suppress all resistance of the exploiters.”

A number of influential leaders of Russian social democracy (G.V. Plekhanov, Yu.O. Martov) believed that it was premature to set goals for the socialist revolution in Russia. They believed that those accepted at the insistence of V.I. Lenin’s strict conditions for membership in the party (mandatory personal participation in the work of one of the party organizations) are inappropriate and will interfere with the numerical growth of its ranks. Having been defeated at the Second Congress, supporters of Plekhanov and Martov created their own faction (group) in the RSDLP, which was called the Menshevik. Followers of Lenin's ideas began to call themselves Bolsheviks.

Being opponents of individual terror, both the Bolsheviks and Mensheviks believed that the overthrow of the autocracy may require armed struggle. They jointly participated in the preparation of the uprising in Moscow. However, their views differed in their assessment of the Manifesto of October 17, 1905. The Mensheviks believed that it opened up the possibility of taking advantage of legal activities. The Bolsheviks decided to boycott the elections to the First State Duma, considering them a trick of the autocracy.

Among the members of the RSDLP were representatives of the intelligentsia, students, students, and in 1905-1907. the number of workers has increased significantly.

Socialist Revolutionary Party

Since the mid-1890s. members of revolutionary populist organizations began to call themselves socialist-revolutionaries, emphasizing their continuity with the populists of the 1870s. They believed that a future socialist society in Russia could be created on the basis of working peasant farms. In 1902, the Socialist Revolutionary Party (SRs) arose on an illegal basis. During 1902-1904. The party program was being developed abroad; this work was headed by V.M. Chernov.

In 1905-1907 The Socialist Revolutionary Party included a little more than 60 thousand people. These were mainly rural and urban intelligentsia and students. The leadership core of the party was dominated by professional revolutionaries.

The Socialist Revolutionary program, like the Social Democratic one, provided for the overthrow of the autocracy, the establishment of a democratic republic, and a significant expansion of workers' rights. The Socialist Revolutionaries considered the bourgeoisie a reactionary force. The agrarian program of the Social Revolutionaries contained a demand for the socialization of land, that is, the abolition of private ownership of land without redemption, its transformation not into state property, but into public property without the right of purchase and sale. The right to dispose of land for its equal distribution was supposed to be given to communities.

The demands on the national question also differed from the Social Democratic program. The Social Revolutionaries declared themselves supporters of a federation - broad autonomy for regions and communities, both urban and rural, as well as for national regions, with recognition of their right to self-determination. However, this right, up to secession, was actually provided only for Poland and Finland.

Unlike the Social Democrats, the Socialist Revolutionaries recognized individual terror as an effective means of political struggle. Terror was considered by the Social Revolutionaries as a means of agitation and excitement of society, mobilization of revolutionary forces, and curbing the arbitrariness of government authorities.

2. Liberal parties

Constitutional Democratic Party

The founding congress of the party of constitutional democrats (cadets) took place on September 12-18, 1905 in Moscow. The leadership of the party reflected its social composition. It included scientists, lawyers, public figures and officials, large landowners and entrepreneurs. Among the leaders of the cadets were the brothers Princes Pavel and Pyotr Dolgorukov, Prince D.I. Shakhovskoy, academician V.I. Vernadsky, professor S.A. Muromtsev and others. The recognized leader of the party was the outstanding scientist-historian P.N. Miliukov.

The cadets declared the national, non-class character of their organization, emphasizing that it expressed the urgent needs of the country's development. The party program provided for the abolition of class differences and the establishment of equality before the law of all Russian citizens, regardless of gender, religion and nationality. The main demands were: freedom of conscience and religion, separation of Church and state, abolition of censorship, freedom of the press, meetings and unions, inviolability of person and home, freedom of movement and travel abroad.

The Cadets advocated a constitutional structure of the state in the form of a parliamentary monarchy, modeled on England. It was assumed that popular representation, created through general, direct and equal elections, would be endowed with full legislative power.

The Cadets intended to solve the agrarian issue by abolishing redemption payments, allocating land to poor peasants at the expense of state and monastic estates, and partial forced alienation of landowners' properties with state compensation to them according to a “fair assessment.” The Cadets' program on the labor issue provided for granting workers the right to assemble, strike and create unions, the gradual introduction of an 8-hour working day, a reduction in overtime work, a ban on the involvement of women and teenagers, etc.

Speaking for the preservation of the state unity of Russia, the Cadets recognized the possibility of an autonomous structure of the Kingdom of Poland and the restoration of the Finnish constitution. At the same time, they defended the right to cultural self-determination of peoples, including receiving education and conducting local business in their native language. The cadets rejected and condemned violent, armed actions.

The organizational development of the Union of October 17 began after the publication of the Manifesto on October 17, 1905, after which the party was named. The party included large entrepreneurs, financiers, and landowners. Its leadership consisted mainly of people from privileged classes. A.I. became the recognized leader of the Union. Guchkov.

The Octobrist program began with a section on preserving the “unity and indivisibility of the Russian state.” They, in contrast to the Cadets, denied the possibility of granting autonomy to individual parts of the empire, except for Finland. The Octobrists advocated further reforms from above and the establishment of a constitutional-monarchical system in Russia with the monarch retaining the title of “autocrat.” They considered the intervention of the masses in politics unacceptable. On labor and agrarian issues, the Octobrist program was close to the Cadet program. It also recognized the need to introduce democratic freedoms and equal rights for citizens.

3. Conservative parties (right)

There were several dozen unions and organizations of a conservative or right-wing (Black Hundred) orientation. The largest of them were the Russian Assembly, the Russian Monarchist Party, the Union of the Russian People and the Russian People's Union named after Michael the Archangel. Black Hundred organizations have become perhaps the most numerous among party organizations different directions. The composition of the Black Hundred parties was extremely varied. They included nobles, peasants, workers, small traders, etc.

The governing bodies of the Union of the Russian People and other right-wing parties were dominated by nobles, who made up two-thirds of all its leaders. The son of a policeman, Doctor of Medicine A.I., was elected Chairman of the Union of the Russian People in November 1905. Dubrovin. V.M. became widely famous. Purishkevich.

There was no complete unity in the views of the Black Hundreds. The ideology of the Black Hundreds was based on the theory official nationality(“Orthodoxy, autocracy, nationality”), formulated under Nicholas I. The people’s welfare, according to the right, could only be achieved on the basis of the unity of the tsar with the people. They were against changing the political system, did not recognize the limitations of the tsar’s power, including after the adoption of the Manifesto on October 17, 1905. The Black Hundreds defended the principle of a united and indivisible Russia, and categorically did not allow the self-determination of any non-Russian nation. At the same time, they defended the idea of the dominant and primacy role of the Russian people.

The national principle was also fundamental in the economic part of the Black Hundreds’ program. They demanded the liberation of domestic capitalists from subordination to foreign banks and entrepreneurs and the adoption of protectionist measures. Representatives of the Union of the Russian People advocated the preservation of the community, although they provided for the possibility of peasants leaving the community and assigning land to them.

Another area of activity of right-wing parties was agitation and propaganda work. Black Hundred newspapers (Russian Banner, Bulletin of the Russian Assembly), leaflets, and brochures condemning the revolutionary movement, calling for pogroms, patriotic demonstrations, and support for the autocracy were widely distributed throughout the country.

4. Reform of the government system

I and II State Dumas. On April 23, 1906, the emperor approved a new edition of the “Basic Laws of the Russian Empire.” The previous definition of autocratic power as unlimited was excluded from them. And although the emperor retained supreme government, leadership of foreign policy, the right to declare war and make peace, as well as the supreme command armed forces, the appointment of senior officials, including ministers, etc., no law was henceforth adopted without the approval of the Duma. Its deputies were elected for a 5-year term. The Duma had the right to send requests to officials, come up with legislative initiatives, and approve the budget. The bill developed by the Duma was to be submitted to the State Council and only after its approval be submitted to the emperor for approval.

The reformed State Council, which turned into the upper parliamentary house, also received the right of legislative initiative. Half of its members were appointed by the emperor, the other was elected for a period of 9 years. Bills that were not passed by both houses were considered rejected. The Emperor had the right to dissolve the Duma before the expiration of its term of office.

In addition, the “Basic Laws” declared the inviolability of person, home and property; free choice of place of residence and occupation; rights to travel abroad; acquisition of property; the right to hold peaceful meetings, free expression, and the creation of unions and associations.

The system that emerged bore little resemblance to the developed parliamentary system that existed by that time in a number of European states. The government was appointed by the monarch and was responsible only to him. The voting rights of the population were noticeably curtailed, and the Duma received only limited opportunities to influence the authorities.

Elections to the First State Duma were not direct, not universal and not equal. According to the electoral law of December 11, 1905, four electoral curiae were created for elections - landowning, urban, peasant and workers. A significant part of the population was deprived of the right to vote - women, military personnel, men under 25 years of age, etc. There was one elector for every 90 thousand workers, 30 thousand peasants, 4 thousand city dwellers and 2 thousand landowners. This gave obvious advantages to the wealthy segments of the population.

In March 1906, when elections to the Duma were held, revolutionary protests and riots were still ongoing in the country. The Bolsheviks, Socialist Revolutionaries and right-wing parties boycotted the elections. Supporters of liberal views gained predominance in the Duma. This determined the conflict between parliament and government. As a result, on July 9, 1906, deputies who came to the Tauride Palace, where their meetings were held, were not allowed into the building by a military guard. The Duma was dissolved.

The Second State Duma, which opened on February 20, 1907, in its composition turned out to be even to the left of the First Duma due to the participation of revolutionary parties, the Bolsheviks and Socialist Revolutionaries in the elections.

The Cadets, who set the tone in the First State Duma, lost their dominant positions. Based on sad experience, they put forward the slogan of “saving” the Duma, that is, they called on deputies to avoid situations fraught with early dissolution of the people's representation. The main point of disagreement between the government and the Duma was the agrarian issue. The left and liberals in the Duma could not give up their demands for the alienation of landowners' lands in one form or another. The Trudoviks, non-party deputies representing the peasantry, were especially active in favor of the free distribution of all land among the peasants. The government did not make any concessions on this issue.

On June 1, 1907, charges were brought against members of the Social Democratic faction of preparing an uprising with the aim of establishing a republic. Two days later, on June 3, 1907, the Second State Duma was dissolved and a new electoral law was published. The number of electors from peasants and workers was halved, and the voting rights of national minorities were sharply limited. This event went down in history as the third June coup d'etat. With the dissolution of the Second Duma, the revolution ended. A political system arose in the country, called the June Third Monarchy.

The government managed to cope with the revolutionary movement by force, but it was obvious that without fundamental reforms, especially in the agricultural sector, society would not be able to avoid new upheavals.

Self-test questions

How can we explain the rapid process of the emergence of parties at the beginning of the 20th century?
Compile and fill out the table “Political parties in Russia at the beginning of the 20th century,” which would reflect:
- the most influential parties, their leaders, composition, numbers;
- ideological and political orientation;
- comparative views of various parties on the most important issues of Russian reality;
- methods for achieving goals.
Give an analysis of the activities of political parties in the State Duma.
Compare structure higher authorities state power before and after the creation of the State Duma.
Compare the composition of the I and II State Dumas. What changes have occurred in it and why?

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Political life after the Manifesto of October 17, 1905 § 4 Program, textbook N.V. Zagladina and others L.A. Sinyaeva *

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The beginning of the first Russian revolution § 3. I. We repeat the topic: The beginning of the revolution of 1905 - 1907. in Russia. II. We are studying a new topic: 1. The new state structure of Russia. 2. The main political parties and their programs 3. The State Duma and autocracy. II. Control: p. 42. c. 3 - table “Main political parties and their programs Lesson plan.

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3. The main events of the revolution: the year 1905. Historians consider the culmination of the revolution either the All-Russian strike and the Manifesto of October 17, or the December armed uprising in Moscow. From the end of 1905 the revolution began to decline. Date Event Result 01/09/1905 Bloody Sunday Execution of workers. The beginning of the revolution. May 1905 Strike in Ivanovo-Voznesensk Workers created their own government body - the Council and workers' militia May 1905 Moscow. The Congress of Zemstvo and City Leaders spoke in favor of the speedy adoption of the constitution 06/14/1905 Uprising on the battleship “Prince Potemkin Tauride” After a 12-day voyage, he surrendered to the Romanian authorities in the port of Constanta. October 1905 The strike of M. railway workers turned into an all-Russian strike on October 17, 1905 Manifesto “On the improvement of public order” Proclaimed: democratic freedoms. The creation of a legislative State Duma was promised. November 1905 The uprising of the crew of the cruiser "Ochakov" was suppressed December 1905 The armed uprising was suppressed

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1. The new state system of Russia. On October 17, 1905, Nicholas II signed the Manifesto “On the Improvement of State Order.” On April 23, 1906, Nicholas II approved a new edition of the “Basic Laws of the Russian Empire.” The powers of the Duma were limited. The government was responsible to the sovereign. The Emperor led foreign policy, commanded the army and navy, and received the right to early dissolve the Duma. The State Council was transformed into the upper house of the Duma. Rice. 1. Manifesto of October 17, 1905

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2. The main political parties and their programs Assignment: p. 42. c 3. check the parties and their leaders Attitude to the autocrat. The ideal of the state devices Attitude to the agrarian question Restructuring of society Liberals Cadets. P.N. Miliukov; Octobrists - A.I. Guchkov Left and revolutionary democratic parties Social Revolutionaries - V.M. Chernov; RSDLP - Lenin Conservatives Russian Assembly - D.P. Golitsyn. Union of the Russian People - Purishkevich

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2. The main political parties and their programs Assignment: p. 42. in 3. Conclusion: parties and their leaders Attitude to the autocracy. The ideal of the state devices Attitude to the agrarian question Restructuring of society Liberals Cadets. P.N. Miliukov; Octobrists - A.I. Guchkov denied the Constitution. monarchy or republic Redemption of lands at the expense of the state and transfer of part of the estate. lands to peasants reforms Left and revolutionary democratic parties Social Revolutionaries - V.M. Chernov; Democrats denied. republic Socialization of land, transfer to the community. terror of the RSDLP - Lenin Proletar. dictatorship pom. landowner Socialist. revolution Conservatives Russian Assembly – D.P. Golitsyn. Union of the Russian People - Purishkevich Defense of the autocrat. Absolute monarchy The right of peasants to acquire land, preservation of the community pogroms

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Tauride Palace - meeting place of the State Duma 1906 - 1917. Opening of the First State Duma in the Winter Palace 3. State Duma and autocracy. Rice. 3. Opening of the First State Duma.

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