Pierre is one of those people

who are strong only when

when they feel quite clean.

L. Tolstoy. A diary

On the pages of Leo Tolstoy's novel "War and Peace" we meet many people who undergo moral evolution, the development of ideas, and a change in worldview in the course of various events. One of these people is Pierre Bezukhov, whose life path was complicated and difficult, but in whom the thirst for self-improvement, personal development, the search for freedom and truth never quenched.

Raised abroad, the illegitimate son of Count Bezukhov, Pierre appears before us as a free-thinking person, but far enough from real Russian reality, as a result of which he becomes an obedient toy in the hands of cunning and dishonest people.

Brought up on the ideas of the French enlighteners, Bezukhov completely denies God, but he, like every Russian person, needs some kind of faith. So he becomes a Mason. Easily succumbing to the external charm of Freemasonry, Pierre is almost happy. He feels strong, because now he can figure out where is the truth and where is the lie. However, it did not take Pierre so much time to understand that those who preach poverty and the correctness of life themselves live in a lie, and all their rituals only cover up the falsity of their behavior, the desire to derive their own benefit.

At one time, Pierre was extremely attracted to the image of Napoleon - he also wanted to go ahead, be strong and invincible. However, with the beginning of the Patriotic War of 1812, this passion passes, Pierre realizes that he worshiped the despot and the villain, which means that he was an empty idol. Staying in Moscow, Pierre even imbued with the idea of ​​​​killing Napoleon, but his plan fails, and Bezukhov is captured by the French.

In captivity, Pierre Bezukhov meets Platon Karataev, and this man gives him a completely new understanding of the world and the role of man in it, answering the questions: why live and what am I? Bezukhov only develops and deepens this new understanding for himself: “I lived for myself and ruined my life. And only now, when I live ... for others, only now I understand the happiness of my life.

Tolstoy wrote: "There is no greatness where there is no simplicity, goodness, and truth." And the whole point of the ideological and moral evolution of Pierre Bezukhov lies in the gradual overcoming of individualistic self-assertion, in self-denial for the good and benefit of others.

After the end of the war, Pierre marries Natasha Rostova. Both she, after her sufferings, and he, after all non-happiness and doubts, find true happiness in their love. But Pierre does not calm down and enters into a secret society. Perhaps soon, "having taken hand in hand with those who love goodness," he will come to Senate Square.

For Tolstoy, not only the results of the heroes' searches are extremely important, but also the paths they have traveled, since these paths reveal the true content of life, brightly illuminate the real relationships that exist in the world. Pierre Bezukhov's search for truth is also peculiar, but it was dictated by time, circumstances, surrounding people, so it is no less important for us than the truths that the hero comprehended by the time we parted with him.

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Ideological and moral evolution of the personality of Pierre Bezukhov

Leo Tolstoy's novel "War and Peace" is the greatest epic work of world literature of the 19th century. Its action lasts for fifteen years. Few writers have managed to combine the description of the major events of history with the scenes of the everyday life of the heroes of the work, so that they do not overshadow each other, but harmoniously merge into a single whole. For Tolstoy, the life of one person is historical life the whole nation. However, in the raging sea of ​​​​persons that fill the novel, the personality that is central to the work stands out - this is Pierre Bezukhov.

The reader meets Pierre in the very first chapter of the novel, in the high society salon of Anna Pavlovna Scherer. It is in this "spinning workshop", filled with indifferent people - "spindles", that the sincerity and naturalness of Pierre stand out so contrasting with this society. “One living person among all our world,” says Prince Andrei Bolkonsky about Pierre.

Pierre, the illegitimate son of Count Bezukhov, returned from abroad three months ago and has not yet determined his future career. His character has not yet been formed, he is young, knows life poorly and hardly understands people. Since Pierre was deprived of a family, he constantly needs a teacher, a mentor. But the desire to gain spiritual support does not prevent Pierre from maintaining his individuality and going through life in his own way.

The first serious blow of fate for Pierre was his marriage to Helen. He turned out to be unarmed against the deceit and deceit of the Kuragins, who lured him into their networks. But morally, Pierre turned out to be much higher than these people: he took the blame for what happened. It will always be so in the future.

A turning point in Pierre's life can be considered a duel with Dolokhov. Having accepted someone else's rules of the game, he seriously thought about his life and came to the conclusion that he was lying to himself. This led Pierre to the desire to turn his fate into a different moral direction.

In Pierre's soul, "the main screw on which his whole life rested" curled up. He crossed out the past, but did not know what the future would be. "What's wrong? What well? What should you love, what should you hate?

Why live and what am I ... ”At this moment of crisis, Pierre met the freemason Osip Alekseevich Bazdeev, and a new, as it seemed to him, purifying star shone over him.

Disillusionment with Freemasonry did not come all at once or suddenly. Pierre was faced with hypocrisy, careerism, a passion for the external attributes of rituals, and most importantly, he did not feel connected with the real, everyday life. At the same time, he failed in his good intentions to change the position of the serfs - Pierre was too far from the people's troubles and problems. Dissatisfaction with himself again came, that driving force that did not allow the spiritual fire to go out in him. This is how readers find Pierre on the verge of the Patriotic War of 1812, which became a fateful turning point for many heroes of the novel.

Not by chance battle of Borodino we see partly through the eyes of Pierre, a non-military man who could not help but be where the fate of his Fatherland was decided. Here, Count Bezukhov became close to ordinary soldiers. He was struck by their fearlessness, stamina and kindness. They were morally superior and purer than Pierre. He began to think about how to become like them, "how to throw off all this superfluous, devilish, all the burden of this outside world."

Then there was desecrated Moscow, and the romantic idea of ​​killing Napoleon, and rescuing a girl, and a fight with the French, and captivity. In captivity, Pierre witnessed the senseless and cruel execution of Russian prisoners. This shock seemed to pull out the spring on which faith in life, in God, in man was kept in his soul. And Pierre felt that he himself could not revive this faith. He was saved by a meeting with Platon Karataev.

"The previously destroyed world now moved in his soul with new beauty on some new and unshakable foundations." Amazed and fascinated, Pierre watched Platosha and saw his amazing kindness and diligence, he listened to his songs and sayings, plunging into the world of folk life. Pierre felt that he had found peace and harmony with himself, which he had been looking for for so long. He saw how close the happiness he longed for was. It was in the satisfaction of the simplest and most natural needs of man. The meeting with Karataev helped Pierre feel like a part of a whole vast world: “And all this is mine, and all this is in me, and all this is me!”

Pierre Bezukhov returned home morally renewed. He realized that the purpose and meaning of life is life itself, in all its manifestations. “Life is everything. Life is God." Pierre learned to see the great and eternal in the petty and worldly. He learned to love and understand people, and they were drawn to him.

All this time, a tender and admiring love for Natasha lived in Pierre's soul. Both of them had changed during the war, but these spiritual changes only brought them closer. So a new family was born - the Bezukhov family.

In the epilogue, we see Pierre, carried away by radical ideas of changing the social order. According to Tolstoy's plan, the hero of the novel had to survive the collapse of "false hopes" and, having returned from exile to Siberia, come to an understanding of the true laws of life.

In the image of Pierre Bezukhov, Tolstoy revealed to us, on the one hand, the characteristic personality of his era, on the other, he showed the moral quest of a person who is looking for his way in the seething ocean of life. Only the desire for self-improvement could lead the hero, according to the author, to such high spiritual boundaries.

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One of the main characters of the epic "Warrior and Peace" is Pierre Bezukhov. Characteristics of the character of the work is revealed through his actions. And also through the thoughts, spiritual searches of the main characters. The image of Pierre Bezukhov allowed Tolstoy to convey to the reader an understanding of the meaning of the era of that time, the whole life of a person.

Acquaintance of the reader with Pierre

The image of Pierre Bezukhov is very difficult to briefly describe and understand. The reader must go through with the hero all of his

Acquaintance with Pierre is referred in the novel to 1805. He appears at a secular reception with Anna Pavlovna Sherer, a Moscow high-ranking lady. By that time, the young man did not represent anything interesting for the secular public. He was the illegitimate son of one of the Moscow nobles. He received a good education abroad, but when he returned to Russia, he did not find a use for himself. An idle lifestyle, revelry, idleness, dubious companies led to the fact that Pierre was expelled from the capital. With this life baggage, he appears in Moscow. In turn, the upper world also does not attract young man. He does not share the pettiness of interests, selfishness, hypocrisy of his representatives. “Life is something deeper, more significant, but unknown to him,” Pierre Bezukhov reflects. "War and Peace" by Leo Tolstoy helps the reader to understand this.

Moscow life

The change of residence did not affect the image of Pierre Bezukhov. By nature, he is a very gentle person, easily falls under the influence of others, doubts about the correctness of his actions constantly haunt him. Unbeknownst to himself, he finds himself in captivity of the idle with her temptations, feasts and revelry.

After the death of Count Bezukhov, Pierre becomes the heir to the title and the entire fortune of his father. The attitude of society towards young people is changing dramatically. The eminent Moscow nobleman, in pursuit of the fortune of the young count, marries his beautiful daughter Helen to him. This marriage did not bode well family life. Very soon, Pierre understands the deceit, deceit of his wife, her debauchery becomes obvious to him. Thoughts of desecrated honor haunt him. In a state of rage, he commits an act that could be fatal. Fortunately, the duel with Dolokhov ended with the injury of the offender, and Pierre's life was out of danger.

The path of searching for Pierre Bezukhov

After the tragic events, the young count thinks more and more about how he spends the days of his life. Everything around is confusing, disgusting and meaningless. He understands that all secular rules and norms of behavior are insignificant in comparison with something great, mysterious, unknown to him. But Pierre does not have sufficient fortitude and knowledge to discover this great, to find the true purpose human life. Thoughts did not leave the young man, making his life unbearable. a brief description of Pierre Bezukhov gives the right to say that he was a deep, thinking person.

Fascination with Freemasonry

After parting with Helen and giving her a large share of the fortune, Pierre decides to return to the capital. On the way from Moscow to St. Petersburg, during a short stop, he meets a man who talks about the existence of a brotherhood of Masons. Only they know the true path, they are subject to the laws of life. For Pierre's tormented soul and consciousness, this meeting, as he believed, was salvation.

Arriving in the capital, he, without hesitation, takes the rite and becomes a member of the Masonic Lodge. The rules of another world, its symbolism, views on life captivate Pierre. He unconditionally believes everything he hears at the meetings, although much of his new life seems gloomy and incomprehensible to him. The path of searching for Pierre Bezukhov continues. The soul is still rushing about and does not find peace.

How to make people's lives easier

New experiences and searches for the meaning of being lead Pierre Bezukhov to the understanding that the life of an individual cannot be happy when there are many destitute, deprived of any right people around.

He decides to take action to improve the lives of the peasants on his estates. Many do not understand Pierre. Even among the peasants, for whose sake all this was started, there is a misunderstanding, a rejection of the new way of life. This discourages Bezukhov, he is depressed, disappointed.

The disappointment was final when Pierre Bezukhov (whose characterization describes him as a gentle, trusting person) realized that he had been cruelly deceived by the manager, funds and efforts were wasted.

Napoleon

The disturbing events taking place in France at that time occupied the minds of the entire high society. stirred the minds of the young and the old. For many young people, the image of the great emperor has become an ideal. Pierre Bezukhov admired his successes, victories, he idolized the personality of Napoleon. I did not understand people who dared to resist the talented commander, the great revolution. There was a moment in Pierre's life when he was ready to swear allegiance to Napoleon and defend the gains of the revolution. But this was not destined to happen. Feats, achievements for the glory of the French Revolution remained only dreams.

And the events of 1812 will destroy all ideals. The adoration of Napoleon's personality will be replaced in Pierre's soul with contempt and hatred. There will be an irresistible desire to kill the tyrant, avenging all the troubles that he brought to his native land. Pierre was simply obsessed with the idea of ​​​​reprisal against Napoleon, he believed that this was a destiny, the mission of his life.

battle of Borodino

Patriotic War 1812 broke the established foundation, becoming a real test for the country and its citizens. This tragic event directly affected Pierre. The aimless life of wealth and convenience was left without hesitation by the count for the sake of serving the fatherland.

It is in the war that Pierre Bezukhov, whose characterization has not yet been flattering, begins to look at life differently, to understand what was unknown. Rapprochement with soldiers, representatives of the common people, helps to re-evaluate life.

The great Battle of Borodino played a special role in this. Pierre Bezukhov, being in the same ranks with the soldiers, saw their real patriotism without falsehood and pretense, their readiness to give their lives without hesitation for the sake of their homeland.

Destruction, blood, and related experiences give rise to the spiritual rebirth of the hero. Suddenly, unexpectedly for himself, Pierre begins to find answers to questions that have tormented him for so many years. Everything becomes extremely clear and simple. He begins to live not formally, but with all his heart, experiencing a feeling unfamiliar to him, an explanation for which at this moment he cannot yet give.

Captivity

Further events unfold in such a way that the trials that befell Pierre should temper and finally form his views.

Once in captivity, he goes through an interrogation procedure, after which he remains alive, but before his eyes, several Russian soldiers are executed, who along with him fell to the French. The spectacle of the execution does not leave Pierre's imagination, bringing him to the brink of insanity.

And only a meeting and conversations with Platon Karataev again awaken a harmonious beginning in his soul. Being in a cramped barracks, experiencing physical pain and suffering, the hero begins to feel truly life path Pierre Bezukhov helps to understand that being on earth is a great happiness.

However, the hero will have to reconsider his own and look for his place in it more than once.

Fate disposes so that Platon Karataev, who gave Pierre an understanding of life, was killed by the French, as he fell ill and could not move. The death of Karataev brings new suffering to the hero. Pierre himself was released from captivity by the partisans.

Native

Freed from captivity, Pierre, one after another, receives news from his relatives, about whom he knew nothing for a long time. He becomes aware of the death of his wife Helen. Best friend, Andrei Bolkonsky, is seriously wounded.

The death of Karataev, disturbing news from relatives again excite the soul of the hero. He begins to think that all the misfortunes that have occurred were his fault. He is the cause of the death of his loved ones.

And suddenly Pierre catches himself thinking that in difficult moments of spiritual experiences, the image of Natasha Rostova suddenly comes. She instills in him peace, gives strength and confidence.

Natasha Rostova

At subsequent meetings with her, he realizes that he has a feeling for this sincere, intelligent, spiritually rich woman. Natasha has a reciprocal feeling for Pierre. In 1813 they got married.

Rostova is capable of sincere love, she is ready to live in the interests of her husband, to understand, to feel him - this is the main advantage of a woman. Tolstoy showed the family as a way to save a person. The family is a small model of the world. The state of the whole society depends on the health of this cell.

Life goes on

The hero gained an understanding of life, happiness, harmony within himself. But the path to this was very difficult. The work of the inner development of the soul accompanied the hero all his life, and it gave its results.

But life does not stop, and Pierre Bezukhov, whose characterization as a seeker is given here, is again ready to move forward. In 1820, he informs his wife that he intends to become a member of a secret society.

The writing

Russian classic literature XIX century asserted the highest spiritual moral values, the realization of which leads the heroes to harmony with the world. Perhaps there is some kind of pattern in the fact that its achievement is often impossible for intellectual nobles. Possessing many remarkable qualities, by virtue of their privileged position and upbringing, they are doomed to a tragic break with centuries-old national traditions embedded in the Russian people. Therefore, the life of a smart, critically thinking Onegin passes in the monotonous secular pleasures, giving rise to a feeling of emptiness and boredom. Pechorin wastes his rich mental strength on trifles. In my opinion, Tolstoy refers to the era of 1812 in "War and Peace" not by chance. After all, this terrible disaster that befell Russia was able to shake Russian people of different classes to the ground, make them rethink the life around them, understand and feel what is most valuable and dear in it. It was the war that could bring together in one trench or captivity a nobleman and a peasant, united by the common goal of saving the fatherland. That is, the very heroic epoch of 1812 gives the hero-intellectual a chance to come to full agreement with life, to find its highest meaning.

This theme finds its fullest expression in the image of Pierre Bezukhov, which is given by the author in the dynamics of evolution. Tracing the path of your hero. Tolstoy shows how his character changes, the worldview of an advanced person of the era is formed - a patriot, a Decembrist. At the beginning of the novel, Pierre is a fat, massive young man with an intelligent, timid and observant look that distinguishes him from the rest of the visitors to the living room. Having recently arrived from abroad, this illegitimate son of Count Bezukhov stands out in the high society salon for his naturalness, sincerity and simplicity. He is soft, supple, easily amenable to other people's influence. For example, he leads a disorderly, wild life, participating in revelry and atrocities of secular youth, although he perfectly understands the emptiness and worthlessness of such a pastime. Pierre's naivete and gullibility, inability to understand people make him make a number of life mistakes, of which the most serious is marrying the stupid and cynical beauty Helen Kuragina. By this thoughtless act, Pierre deprives himself of all hope for possible personal happiness. Having parted with his wife and given her a significant share of his fortune, he seeks to find application for his strengths and abilities in other areas of life.

Tolstoy makes the hero go through a difficult path of losses, mistakes, delusions and searches. Having become close to the Freemasons, Pierre tries to find the meaning of life in religious truth. Freemasonry gave the hero the belief that there should be a kingdom of goodness and truth in the world, and the highest happiness of a person is to strive to achieve them. But these ideas are too abstract, devoid of concrete features. Pierre cannot be satisfied with mysterious, mystical rites and sublime conversations about good and evil. He wants to find a field of action in order to translate fair and humane ideas into a concrete useful thing. Therefore, Bezukhov, like Andrei, begins to improve his serfs. All measures taken by him are imbued with sympathy for the oppressed peasantry. Pierre makes sure that only persuasive punishments are applied, and not corporal ones, so that the peasants are not burdened with overwork, and hospitals, shelters and schools are established in each estate. But all the good intentions of Pierre remained only intentions. Why, wanting to help the peasants, he could not do this? The answer is simple. His naivety, lack of practical experience, ignorance of reality prevented the young humane landowner from bringing good undertakings to life. The stupid but cunning chief executive easily fooled the smart and intelligent gentleman around the finger, creating the appearance of the exact execution of his orders.

Finally disillusioned with Freemasonry, Pierre finds himself at a dead end in life and plunges into a state of hopeless longing and despair. Feeling a strong need for high noble activity, feeling rich forces in himself, Pierre nevertheless does not see the purpose and meaning of life. The Patriotic War of 1812, the general patriotism of which captured him, helps the hero to find a way out of this state of discord with himself and the world around him. Not being a military officer, like Andrei Bolkonsky, Pierre expressed his love for the fatherland in his own way: he formed a regiment at his own expense and took it to support, while he himself remained in Moscow to kill Napoleon as the main culprit of national disasters. It was here, in the capital occupied by the French, that Pierre's selfless kindness was fully revealed. Seeing helpless people at the mercy of rampant French soldiers, he cannot remain a passive witness to the numerous human dramas unfolding before his eyes. Not thinking about his own safety, Pierre protects a woman, stands up for a lunatic, saves a child from a burning house. Before his eyes, representatives of the most cultured and civilized nation are outrageous, violence and arbitrariness are happening, people are being executed, accused of arson, which they did not commit. These terrible and painful impressions are aggravated by the conditions of captivity. But the most terrible thing for the hero is not hunger and lack of freedom, but the collapse of faith in the just structure of the world, in man and God. But in a wretched barracks, he meets with the peasant Platon Karataev, rapprochement with ordinary people. The round gentle soldier performs a real miracle, forcing Pierre to look at the world brightly and joyfully again, to believe in goodness, love, justice. Communication with Karataev causes a feeling of peace and comfort in the hero. His suffering soul warms up under the influence of the cordiality and participation of a simple Russian person. Platon Karataev has some special gift of love, a sense of blood connection with all people. His wisdom, which struck Pierre, lies in the fact that he lives in complete harmony with everything earthly, as if dissolving in it.

A turning point occurs in Bezukhov's soul, which means the adoption of a life-loving view of the world by Platon Karataev. But the feeling of complete harmony for such an intelligent and inquisitive person as Pierre is impossible without participation in specific useful activities aimed at achieving a lofty goal - the very harmony that cannot exist in a country where the people are in the position of a slave. Therefore, Pierre naturally comes to Decembristism, joining a secret society in order to fight everything that interferes with life, humiliates the honor and dignity of a person. This struggle becomes the meaning of his life, but does not make him a fanatic who, for the sake of an idea, consciously renounces the joys of being. We see at the end of the novel happy person, which one good family, faithful and devoted wife who loves and is loved. Thus, it is Pierre Bezukhov who achieves spiritual harmony with the world and himself in War and Peace. He goes through the difficult path of searching for the meaning of life to the end and finds it, becoming an advanced, progressive person of his era.

Human life is complex and multifaceted. At all times, there were moral values, to step over which meant forever incurring disgrace and contempt. The dignity of a person is manifested in his striving for high goals. I would like to dedicate my essay to the hero of Leo Tolstoy's epic novel "War and Peace" Pierre Bezukhov. This amazing person cannot but arouse interest. Pierre is focused on his personality, but he is not immersed in himself. He is keenly interested in life around. For him, the question is very acute: “Why live and what am I”? This question is of great importance to him. Bezukhov thinks about the meaninglessness of life and death, that it is impossible to find the meaning of being; about the relativity of all truths. Secular society is alien to Pierre, in empty and meaningless communication he cannot find his truth.

The questions that torment Pierre cannot be solved by mere theoretical reasoning. Even reading books can't help here. Pierre finds answers to his questions only in real life. Human suffering, contradictions, tragedies - these are all integral components of life itself. And Pierre is completely immersed in it. He approaches the truth, being at the epicenter of events, tragic and terrible * The spiritual formation of Bezukhov is somehow affected by war, the fire of Moscow, French, the suffering of people with whom he encounters very closely. Pierre gets the opportunity to come face to face with the life of the people. And this cannot leave him indifferent.

On the way to Mozhaisk, Pierre was overcome by a special feeling: “the deeper he plunged into this sea of ​​troops, the more he was seized by anxiety, anxiety and a new joyful feeling that he had not yet experienced ... He now experienced a pleasant feeling of consciousness that everything that makes up people, the comforts of life, wealth, even life itself, is nonsense, which is pleasant to put aside in comparison with something ... ".

On the Borodino field, Pierre understood “... the whole meaning and all the significance of this war and the upcoming battle ... He understood that hidden (la(enle), as they say in physics, the warmth of patriotism that was in all those people whom he saw , and which explained to him why all these people calmly and, as it were, thoughtlessly prepared for death.

After Pierre was next to the soldiers, imbued with their courage, it began to seem to him the most correct and wise to merge with them, with simple, but wise in their understanding of life, people. It is no coincidence that he says: "To be a soldier, a simple soldier! ... Enter this common life with your whole being, imbue with what makes them so."

Throughout his life, Pierre had many hobbies and disappointments. There was a period when Pierre admired Napoleon; there was also a period of passion for Freemasonry. However, in the process of moral rebirth, Pierre abandons his former hobbies and comes to the ideas of Decembrism. Communication with the common people had a huge impact on his formation. From the very first minutes of meeting Pierre, we understand that we have an outstanding, sincere, open nature. Pierre feels uncomfortable in secular society, and society does not accept him as his own, despite even the rich inheritance that Bezukhov received from his father. He is not like the regulars of secular salons. Pierre is too different from them to be his own.

In the process of communicating with soldiers, mainly with Platon Karataev, Pierre Bezukhov begins to understand life better. Now his thoughts are no longer abstract, speculative. He wishes to direct his forces to real actions that could help others. For example, Bezukhov seeks to help those who suffered from the war. And in the epilogue, he joins the secret society of the Decembrists. This decision was obviously influenced by everything he saw in the process of communicating with ordinary people. Now Bezukhov understands well all the contradictions of life, and, as far as possible, wants to fight them. He says: “Theft is in the courts, in the army there is only one stick: shagistics, settlements, they torment the people, they stifle education. What is young, honestly, is ruined!

Pierre not only understands and condemns all the contradictions and shortcomings of life. He has already reached that moral and spiritual development when intentions to change are obvious and indispensable. existing reality: "Let there be not only virtue, but independence and activity."

The moral quest of Pierre Bezukhov makes his image especially interesting for us. It is known that Pierre herself served as the basis for the concept of the novel War and Peace. The fact that the image of Pierre is shown in development speaks of the author's special disposition towards him. In the novel, static images are those that do not call for warm feelings from the writer.

Pierre cannot but delight readers with his kindness, sincerity, and directness. There are moments when his abstract reasoning, isolation from life, seem incomprehensible. But in the process of his development, he overcomes the weaknesses of his nature and moves from the need for reflection to the need for action.