"The Role of Art in Human Life" - an essay. Why do you need art? What is real art? The role and significance of art in human life Synthetic or present

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Introduction

1 The concept of "art"

Conclusion

Bibliography

One of the main tasks of our society facing the system modern education, is the formation of a culture of personality. The urgency of this task is associated with the revision of the system of life and artistic and aesthetic values. The formation of the culture of the younger generation is impossible without referring to the artistic values accumulated by society in the course of its existence.

The purpose of this essay is to be able to understand, in essence, the laws of functioning and the social role of art, familiarity with which is the most important condition for the spiritual development of a person.

The formation of a personality in all the versatility of its cultural development, professionalism, conscious discipline, high morality is both the goal of culture and an indispensable condition for cultural progress.

Studying the art of different peoples and different eras, provided that you understand its essence, allows you to understand the general nature of the respective cultures.

The essay attempts to define the place of art in the cultural space, to give an idea of the types of art, and its place in modern society.

1. The concept of "art"

Art is the process or result of expressing the inner world in a (artistic) image, a creative combination of elements in a way that reflects ideas, feelings or emotions.

For a long time, art was considered a type of cultural activity that satisfies a person's love for beauty. Along with the evolution of social aesthetic norms and assessments, art acquired the right to call any activity aimed at creating expressive forms in accordance with aesthetic ideals.

On a society-wide scale, art is a special way of knowing and reflecting reality, one of the forms of social consciousness and part of the spiritual culture of both man and all of humanity, a diverse result of the creative activity of all generations.

The etymology of the word "art", both in Russian and in Greek (Greek ????? - "art, skill, skill, craft") emphasizes such positive qualities as skill and skill.

Art, as the fruit of artistic activity, captures the general character of the culture in which it is created and to which it belongs and represents integrally.

1.1 Art as part of culture

The essence of artistic culture lies in the fact that the creator (professional, amateur, folk craftsman), thanks to his developed feelings, figuratively cognizes and figuratively simulates some fragment of reality, and then conveys it to the viewer or listener in an aesthetically expressive form. Artistic culture covers the entire population. So, many people in their youth write poetry and music, draw, some continue to do this throughout their lives. But only what is created by outstanding masters of their craft in the field of artistic activity is preserved for centuries as having the highest value for society and constitutes art. Art is a part of artistic culture, its pinnacle.

In artistic creation, the spiritual and the material penetrate each other, form something third, they do not simply unite, as in the spheres of material and spiritual production, but are mutually identified: so, a table, as a utilitarian, material object can be made of wood, metal, plastic. However, it is impossible to imagine V. Mukhina's "Worker and Kolkhoz Woman" made of wood or the Cathedral of St. Michael the Archangel in the Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin made of concrete. This spiritual and material integrity, indivisibility is called artistry. This is thinking in material, through color, word, sound, movement. The content contained in a work of art cannot be conveyed without loss by means of another type of art, or simply "retell" in a different way.

The necessity and importance of studying art and its role in the life of society is explained by the fact that art, as the fruit of artistic activity, captures the general nature of the culture (say, primitive, medieval, etc.) in which it is created, to which it belongs and which it represents integrally. Art has a structure similar to culture, as it figuratively reveals what connects culture with nature, society and man. Thus, the study of the art of different peoples and different eras allows us to understand the general nature of the respective cultures.

The word "art" is ambiguous. As artistic creation, it is delimited from art in the broader sense of the word (skill, skill, craft - the skill of a carpenter, doctor, etc.). It would be more accurate to call art an artistic activity and what is its result - a work.

Art is creative. Creativity is a proactive, spiritualized activity of people and their groups in the name of preserving and strengthening existing values, the main thing - in the name of their enrichment. Creativity is present in almost all forms of human activity - right down to everyday communication. But the creative impulses and abilities of people are most fully realized in the spheres of socially significant activity: scientific, industrial, state-political, philosophical and, of course, artistic. It is no coincidence that art is usually called artistic creation.

1.2 Variety of arts

Definition distinctive features art and its role in human life has caused sharp controversy throughout the history of culture. It was declared "imitation of nature" - and "free form creation"; "reproduction of reality" - and "self-knowledge of the Absolute", "self-expression of the artist" - and the "language of feelings"; a special kind of play - and a special kind of prayer. Such disagreements are explained by many reasons: the difference in the philosophical positions of theorists, their ideological attitudes, reliance on various types of art and creative methods (for example, on literature or architecture, on classicism or realism), and finally, the objective complexity of the structure of art itself.

Unlike science, language and other forms of specialized social activity, designed to satisfy various needs of people, art turned out to be necessary for mankind as a way of integral social education of the individual, his emotional and intellectual development, his introduction to the collective experience accumulated by mankind, to age-old wisdom, to concrete social and historical interests, aspirations, ideals. But in order to play this role as a powerful tool for the socialization of the individual, art must be similar to real human life, that is, it must recreate (model) life in its real integrity and structural complexity. It should "double" the real life activity of a person, be its imaginary continuation and addition, and thereby expand the life experience of the individual, allowing her to "live" many illusory "lives" in the "worlds" created by writers, musicians, painters, etc.

At the same time, art appears at the same time as a similar real life, and how different from it - invented, illusory, like a play of the imagination, like the creation of human hands. A work of art excites at the same time the deepest experiences, similar to the experiences of real events, and the aesthetic pleasure arising from its perception as a work of art, as a model of life created by man.

Art as a specific social phenomenon is a complex system of qualities, the structure of which is characterized by the combination of cognitive, evaluative, creative (spiritually and materially) and sign-communicative facets (or subsystems). Thanks to this, it acts both as a means of communication between people, and as an instrument of their enlightenment, enrichment of their knowledge about the world and about themselves, and as a way of educating a person on the basis of a particular system of values, and as a source of high aesthetic joys.

Hegel singled out and characterized five so-called great arts. This is architecture, sculpture, painting, music, poetry. Along with them, there is dance and pantomime (the art of body movement), as well as stage direction - the art of creating a chain of mise-en-scenes (in the theater) and shots (in the cinema): here the material carrier of imagery is spatial compositions replacing each other in time.

Architecture, arts and crafts, sculpture, painting and graphics are spatial arts. All of them operate with volumetric-plastic materials in three-dimensional or two-dimensional space. They are also called plastic arts. They differ from each other in sign nature.

The architectural arts (architecture, arts and crafts, design) do not depict anything in particular; the artistic image is built in them in a non-pictorial way. Thoughts, feelings, moods of people, therefore, they convey in an indirect, associative way.

Sculpture, painting and graphics are fine arts, in which the principle of creation art form is built on the image (with the help of lines, a spot of color, volume, etc.) Important: they do not depict impressions of objects (such as literature), but the similarities of the objects themselves in their visible existence.

Architecture, more than other arts, is associated with the utilitarian forms of human activity. The definition of the essence of architecture is well known: strength, benefit and beauty. This truth remains unshakable to this day.

Sculpture is a type of fine art, the works of which are voluminous, have a three-dimensional shape. Since ancient times, the very activity of the sculptor was perceived as an act of creation, similar to the biblical one. In the work of the sculptor, thought is not disconnected from the material, giving rise to an image as a created spatial reality.

Painting is one of the main and oldest types of fine art. It received its fullest development with the spread of oil painting techniques (15th century). The scope of painting is undoubtedly broader than sculpture. It is not limited only artistic image living beings, in its power to convey almost any phenomenon, almost the entire visible world. On canvas, you can capture a large-scale battle, and a sunset over the lake, and a look full of joy.

Of all the visual arts, graphics are the most paradoxical. On the one hand, this art form is very democratic. We come across works of graphic art literally at every step (books, posters, newspapers, advertisements, packaging, etc.) But at the same time, it is the most mass art is elitist, since very few connoisseurs understand graphics, understand it and know how to appreciate it.

Usually, when talking about graphics, it is indicated that this is the art of black and white (black line on a white surface). But at the same time, we can say that in some book there are bright, multi-colored illustrations.

Temporary arts in the system of artistic culture are literature and music, those types of art whose works unfold in time.

The art of the word is almost omnipotent in its pictorial and expressive capabilities, while painting and music one-sidedly reflect the visible and audible aspect of being. Since language is the main means of communication between people, literature seems to be the simplest and most widely available art form.

The word does not exhaust the image; it serves only as a material basis behind which the verbal-figurative meaning is hidden. With the help of the word, you can recreate not only the visually perceived reality, but also what is available to other senses - hearing, touch, smell. With the help of the word, you can convey the emotional, intellectual state of a person.

Traditionally, literature is divided into three types: epic, lyrical and dramatic.

Music is an art form that reflects reality and affects a person through meaningful and specially organized sound sequences. Music is a specific kind of sound activity of people. With other varieties, for example with speech, it is united by the ability to express thoughts, emotions and volitional processes of a person in an audible form and to serve as a means of communication between people and control of their behavior.

In addition to the listed types of art, the performing arts are also distinguished in the system of artistic culture. This is pantomime and dance, circus and theater, cinema and stage. Their artistic material is subject, included in the spatial environment and works only in this environment. But at the same time he is not static, but lives in time, develops, transforms, mutates. Existing in the space of the stage, arena, screen, these arts, at the same time, are presented to the public, are oriented towards visual perception, which allows them to be called also spectacular arts.

The performing arts are synthetic in nature. They combine both opposite and similar in their characteristics of art. For example, theater combines the art of words and pantomime on the stage; Besides, acting skills the stage is surrounded and supported by architecture, music, painting.

2. The role of art in the life of a person and society

2.1 Aesthetic values, their role in human life and society

Art performs a number of functions, different researchers count them up to ten or twenty. And yet the most important specific function art is artistic, which lies in its ability of a holistic, concrete-sensory display of life and a holistic influence on spiritual world person. Art is primarily an aesthetic phenomenon. Its sphere is the creation, by the creative effort of a person, of a work intended for aesthetic perception, for the perception of beauty.

Art is directly related to the creation, accumulation, transfer of values, values not material, but spiritual. Value is something that has positive significance. It can be a really existing object or a metaphysical beginning, conceivable and imaginary.

Values play the role of guidelines in people's lives. Values are historically fluid. In European antiquity, for example, beauty, proportionality, truth were revered as the highest blessings, in the Christian world - faith, hope, love. In the era of rationalism, the status of the highest value is acquired by reason.

We learn from art to eternal values, thanks to which art educates our morality. It is oriented and orientates towards them, comprehends and illuminates reality in relation to them. Artistic values - are able to have an uplifting effect on the feelings, will and mind of people. These are perfect creations of art, necessary for each of us for a full-fledged spiritual life, for the successful activities of people in different areas.

Spiritual mastery of works of art is one of the highest human needs. The artistic need is inherent in all people who have reached the level of conscious being. However, the artist is eminently gifted with such a need.

The aesthetic experience of mankind, rich and varied today, has been formed over millennia.

The value of the aesthetic in the life of each person and humanity as a whole is enormous. Aesthetic emotions are able to acquire scale and signify certain ups and downs of the spirit, stellar moments in the history of mankind.

Thanks to aesthetic experiences, the unity of people with good and universal principles of being is strengthened. Aesthetic emotions give a person the opportunity to gain spiritual freedom. F. Schiller argued that beauty opens the way for a person to perfection and harmony, to the harmony of sensual and spiritual forces.

2.2 Modernism and postmodernism in the art of the twentieth century

At the beginning of the twentieth century, an aesthetic revolution took place in the world, the connection of which with the social upheavals of that time is obvious. The classical pictorial system ceased to work where the very picture of the world has lost its clear outlines. The ideology, the way of life of people, its rhythm have changed. Scientific and technological progress is also transforming human society beyond recognition. At the beginning of the century, mass standardized production arises, the tastes and preferences of people are changing more and more, which ultimately leads to the spread of mass culture and mass art. The mass consumer, mass consciousness, mass culture are entering the historical stage.

So, in the twentieth century. the nature of artistic creation is radically changing, and this is primarily due to the practice of modernism (avant-garde) and postmodernism. The art of the preceding time was perceived as an extremely serious activity. It claimed no less as the mission of the savior of the human race (which was especially clearly manifested in the aesthetic views of the romantics). Contemporary art, on the one hand, feels the structurelessness and inexpressibility of modern realities, on the other, the artist's desire to rise above the battle remains irresistible, to turn chaos into order.

Modernism was built on the denial of the previous art, but at the same time it was a throw into the future, it developed an adequate artistic image of the era. It was "modernity's reworking of its own meaning."

Modernism is associated with the departure of culture from realism, with the proclamation of the independence of art from reality. Modernist (avant-garde) artists experiment with artistic material, create a new style, language, content in the visual arts.

The art of the twentieth century is becoming more and more complex. The absence of stable stylistic trends (such as classicism, romanticism, etc. in previous eras), which has been noticeable since the beginning of the twentieth century, often makes the very process of artistic contact very problematic.

The growth of the population's education led to the invasion of the masses into art, as a result of which in the twentieth century, works began to focus on certain segments of consumers - on the highly erudite elite and not too literate mass audience. This is how elite and popular culture spreads (high and mass art, respectively).

The division of culture into culture for all and culture for the elite has existed for a long time. Priests and shamans already in ancient times were the cultural elite. When writing arose, a line appeared between the culture of educated people and folk culture (folklore).

Folk culture and folk art reflect the highest spiritual, emotionally experienced and fixed in feelings and tastes of a person and his satisfaction and dissatisfaction with the world, striving to harmonize relations with him, embodies the ideal ideas of the masses. It is in the folk culture that the idea of good and evil, of a hero and a villain, of the beautiful and the terrible, etc. is formed.

Elite culture is created by a privileged part of society or by its order by professional creators. It includes fine arts, classical music, literature. High culture is difficult for an unprepared person to understand. The circle of its consumers is a highly educated part of society (critics, writers, regular visitors to museums, theater-goers, artists, etc.), that is, specialists in any area of high culture.

Classical, high or elite art, as time has shown, is the foundation on which values are created, and will be created, that replenish the spiritual arsenal of mankind.

Unlike elite culture, which requires a serious intellectual and spiritual readiness to master it, mass culture is perceived as an effortless, natural phenomenon, over which one does not need to rack one's brains and experience emotional shock.

Mass art endlessly replicates surrogates and counterfeits, which dulls the taste of the public. As examples of mass art, one can cite the stage, clip culture, the fashion industry, certain genres of cinema and television art (melodrama, action, etc.)

Popular culture was, is and always will be. The amount of information contained in modern culture is immense. Works that are deep in content are often difficult to comprehend and require significant effort, emotional and intellectual, to master. Contemporary art has also become extremely complex.

Of course, high and mass art is guided by the primary satisfaction of different needs of people. So, mass art is aimed, first of all, at meeting the recreational and compensatory needs with the unconditional implementation of its individual works and other functions, while high art - the repository of aesthetic values created by mankind - is a source of satisfaction of the widest range of human needs (cognitive, educational , social, etc.).

Conclusion

Thus, art should not be considered an optional supplement to the more basic goods and needs of people. It plays a huge role in the life of human society, ensuring the creation, accumulation and transmission of spiritual experience and aesthetic values from generation to generation, from person to person, from culture to culture. Art is a kind of mirror and self-awareness of any culture, which reflects its essential features. Mastering works of art, a person socializes, learns the world, its past, present and future, learns to comprehend the emotional and intellectual world of another. The need for art never leaves a person; even in the most difficult historical moments, he experiences it. Refusal from artistic activity can return a person to a primitive state, disregard for high culture and its values can and does lead to a decline in morality and, as a result, rampant crime, drug addiction, etc. phenomena. And the cultural policy of any state should provide support for high art, which is not going through the best of times in market conditions.

Bibliography

1. M.G. Balonova. Art and its role in the life of society, (textbook), Nizhny Novgorod, 2007

2. E.G. Borisov. Culture, its significance in the life of a person and society, Ulyanovsk, 2004

3. Soviet Encyclopedic Dictionary, ed. 3, M. 1985

4. Material from Wikipedia - the free encyclopedia

5. Kremlev Y. Essays on the aesthetics of music, 2nd ed., M., 1972

6. Wipper B.R. Articles about art, M., 1970

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Introduction
Main part

2.1. The concept of art.

2.2 Types of art

2.3 Functions of Art

2.4 The role of art in human life

2.5 Life is short, art is eternal.

Conclusion
Literature

1. Introduction.

I chose to work on the topic "The Role of Art in Human Life" because I wanted to deepen and generalize knowledge about art. It was interesting for me to broaden my horizons and find out what functions art performs, what is the role of art in a person's life, in order to further discuss this from the point of view of a knowledgeable person.

I consider the chosen topic of work to be relevant, since certain aspects of the topic have not been fully studied and the research carried out is aimed at overcoming this gap. She encourages me to show intellectual abilities, moral and communication qualities;

Before starting work, I conducted a survey among the students of our school. By asking them a few questions in order to identify their relationship to art. We got the following results.

The total number of respondents was people.

What role do you think art plays in modern life man?

Large%

No%

Helps to live%

What does art teach us and does it teach us at all?

Beauty%

Understanding Life%

Right actions%

Broadens the mind %

Teaches nothing%

What kinds of art do you know?

Theatre %

Cinema %

Music %

Painting%

Architecture%

Sculpture%

Other arts%

What kind of art do you do or are passionate about?

Passionate%

Not passionate%

Have there been times when art has played a role in your life?

Yes %

No %

The survey showed that the work will help people understand the importance of art and, I think, will attract many, if not to art, then it will arouse interest in the problem.

My work is also of practical importance, because the materials can be used to prepare for an essay on literature, for oral presentations at lessons in fine arts, MHC, and later to prepare for exams.

Target work: to prove the importance of various types of art in human life;show how art influences the formation of the spiritual culture of a person's personality; arouse people's interest in the art world.

Tasks - to reveal the essence of art, to consider the relationship between man and art in society, to consider the main functions of art in society, their significance and role for a person.

Problematic issues: How does art express the feelings of a person and the world around him?

Why do they say “that life is short, but art is eternal”?

What is art? When, how and why did art emerge?

What role does art play in a person's life and in my life?

Expected Result

After getting acquainted with my work, a higher level of development of an emotional-value attitude towards the world, phenomena of life and art is expected; understanding the place and role of art in people's lives.

2. Main part

2.1 Concept of art

"Art gives wings and takes you far - far!" -
said the writerA.P. Chekhov

How nice it would be if someone created a device that would show the degree of influence of art on a person, society as a whole, and even on nature. How do painting, music, literature, theater, cinema affect human health, the quality of his life? Can this impact be measured and predicted? Of course, culture as a whole, as a combination of science, art and education, is capable, when choosing the right direction and priorities of life, to have a beneficial effect both on an individual and on society as a whole.

Art is the creative comprehension of the surrounding world by a talented person. The fruits of this understanding belong not only to its creators, but to all of humanity living on planet Earth.

Immortal beautiful creations ancient greek sculptors and architects, Florentine mosaic masters, Raphael and Michelangelo ... Dante, Petrarch, Mozart, Bach, Tchaikovsky. It captures the spirit when you try to comprehend with your mind everything created by geniuses, preserved and continued by their descendants and followers.

In a primitive societyprimitive creativityis born with a viewHomo sapiensas a way of human activity for solving practical problems. Arising in the eramiddle palaeolithic, primitive artreached its heyday about 40 thousand years ago, and was a social product of society, embodying a new stage in the development of reality. The oldest works of art, such as the shell necklace found in South Africa, date back to 75 millennium BC. NS. and more. In the Stone Age, art was represented by primitive rituals, music, dances, all kinds of body decorations, geoglyphs - images on the ground, dendrographs - images on the bark of trees, images on animal skins, cave paintings, rock paintings,petroglyphs and sculpture.

The emergence of art is associated withgames, rituals and ritualsincluding duemythologically- magicalrepresentations.

Now the word "art" is often used in its original, very broad meaning. This is all skill in the implementation of any tasks, requiring some kind of perfection in its results. In a narrower sense of the word, this is creativity "according to the laws of beauty." Works of art, like works applied arts, are created according to the "laws of beauty". A work of art, like all other types of social consciousness, is always the unity of the object cognizable in it and the subject cognizing this object.

In a primitive, pre-class society, art as a special kind of social consciousness did not yet exist independently. It was then in unity with mythology, magic, religion, with legends about a past life, with primitive geographical concepts, with moral requirements.

And then art stood out among them in its special specific kind. It has become one of the forms of development of social consciousness different nations... This is how it should be viewed.

Thus, art is a kind of consciousness of society, it is an artistic content, not a scientific one. L. Tolstoy, for example, defined art as a means of exchange of feelings, opposing it with science as a means of exchange of thoughts.

Art is often compared to a reflecting mirror that reflects reality through the thoughts and feelings of the creator. Through him, this mirror reflects those phenomena of life that attracted the artist's attention, excited him.

Here one can rightfully see one of the most important specific features of art as a type of human activity.

Any product of labor - be it a tool, tool, machine, or means of sustaining life - is created for some special need. Even such products of spiritual production as scientific research may well remain accessible and important for a narrow group of specialists, without losing anything in their social significance.

But a work of art can be recognized as such only on condition of universality, "general interest" of its content. The artist is called upon to express something that is equally important for both the driver and the scientist, that is applicable to their life, not only to the extent of the peculiarities of their profession, but also to the extent of their involvement in public life, the ability to be human, to be a person.

2.2. Kinds of art

Depending on the material means with which works of art are constructed, three groups of art forms objectively arise: 1) spatial, or plastic (painting, sculpture, graphics, art photography, architecture, arts and crafts and design), i.e. those who unfold their images in space; 2) temporary (verbal and musical), that is, those where images are built in time, and not in real space; 3) spatio-temporal (dance; acting and everything based on it; synthetic - theater, cinema, television, circus, etc.), that is, those whose images have both length and duration, corporeality and dynamism. Each type of art is directly characterized by the way of material existence of its works and the type of figurative signs used. Within these limits, all its types have varieties, which are determined by the characteristics of this or that material and the resulting originality of the artistic language.

So, the varieties of verbal art are oral creativity and written literature; varieties of music - vocal and different types instrumental music; varieties of performing arts - dramatic, musical, puppet, shadow theater, as well as variety and circus; varieties of dance - everyday dance, classical, acrobatic, gymnastic, ice dance, etc.

On the other hand, each art form has generic and genre divisions. The criteria for these divisions are defined in different ways, but the very presence of such types of literature as epic, lyric, drama, such types of fine art as easel, monumental-decorative, miniature, such genres of painting as portrait, landscape, still life ...

Thus, art, taken as a whole, is a historically developed system of various specific methods of artistic development of the world,

each of which has features common to all and individually unique.

2.3. Functions of art

Art has similarities and differences with other forms of social consciousness. Just like science, it objectively reflects reality, cognizes its important and essential aspects. But unlike science, which assimilates the world with the help of abstract theoretical thinking, art learns the world through figurative thinking. Reality appears in art as a whole, in the richness of its sensory manifestations.

Unlike science, artistic consciousness does not set itself the goal of giving any special information about private branches of social practice and identifying their regularities, such as physical, economic, etc. The subject of art is everything that is interesting for a person in life.

The goals that the author or creator deliberately and consciously sets for himself while working on a work have direction. It could be some kind of political goal, comment social status, creating a certain mood or emotion, psychological impact, illustration of something, promotion of a product (in the case of advertising), or simply conveying a message.

Means of communication.In its simplest form, art is a means of communication. Like most other means of communication, it carries the intention of conveying information to the audience. For example, scientific illustration is also an art form that exists to convey information. Another example of this kind is geographic maps. However, the content of the message is not necessarily scientific. Art allows you to convey not only objective information, but also emotions, mood, feelings.
Art as entertainment... The purpose of art can be to create a mood or emotion that helps you relax or have fun. Very often, cartoons or video games are created for this very purpose.
Vanguard, art for political change.One of the defining goals of early 20th century art was the creation of works that provoke political change. The directions that have emerged for this purpose are -dadaism, surrealism, Russian constructivism, abstract expressionism- collectively referred tovanguard.
Art for psychotherapy.Psychologists and psychotherapists can use art for medicinal purposes. A special technique based on the analysis of the patient's drawings is used to diagnose the state of the personality and emotional status. In this case, the ultimate goal is not diagnostics, but mental health.
Art for social protest, overthrow of the existing order and / or anarchy.As a form of protest, art may not have any specific political goal, but be limited to criticism of the existing regime or some of its aspects.

2.4. The role of art in human life

All arts serve the greatest of the arts - the art of living on earth.
Bertolt Brecht

Now it is impossible to imagine that ourlifewould not accompany art,creation... Wherever and whenever you livehuman, even at the dawn of his development, he tried to comprehend the world around him, which means he sought to understand and figuratively, intelligibly convey the knowledge gained to the next generations. This is how wall paintings appeared in caves - ancient human encampments. And this was born not only by the desire to protect their descendants from the mistakes already passed by the ancestors, but also to convey the beauty and harmony of the world, admiration for the perfect creations of nature.

Humanity did not mark time, it progressively moved forward and higher, and the art that accompanies a person at all stages of this long and painful path developed in the same way. If you turn to the Renaissance, you admire the heights reached by artists and poets, musicians and architects. The immortal creations of Raphael and Leonardo da Vinci still fascinate with their perfection and deep awareness of the role of man in the world, where he is destined to walk his short, but wonderful, sometimes tragic path.

Art is one of the most important stages in human evolution. Art helps a person to look at the world from different points of view. With each epoch, with each century, it is more and more improved by man. At all times, art has helped people develop their abilities, improve abstract thinking. Over the centuries, people have tried to change art more and more, improve it, deepen their knowledge. Art is the great secret of the world, in which the secrets of the history of our life are hidden. Art is our history. Sometimes in it you can find answers to those questions that even the most ancient manuscripts cannot answer.
Today, a person can no longer imagine life without a novel he has read, without a new movie, without a premiere in the theater, without a fashion hit and a favorite musical group, without art exhibitions... In art, a person finds new knowledge, and answers to vital questions, and relief from the daily hustle and bustle, and pleasure. A real work of art is always in tune with the thoughts of readers, viewers, listeners. The novel can tell about a distant historical era, about people, it seems, of a completely different way and style of life, but the feelings that people have been imbued with at all times are understandable to the present reader, consonant with him if the novel is written by a real master. Let Romeo and Juliet lived in Verona in ancient times. It’s not time or place that determines my perception. great love and true friendship, described by the brilliant Shakespeare.

Russia has not become a distant province of art. Even at the dawn of its emergence, she announced loudly and boldly about her right to stand next to the greatest creators of Europe: "The Lay of Igor's Host", icons and paintings by Andrei Rublev and Theophanes the Greek, cathedrals of Vladimir, Kiev and Moscow. We are not only proud of the amazing proportions of the Church of the Intercession on Nerl and the Moscow Intercession Cathedral, better known as the Cathedral of St. Basil the Blessed, but we also sacredly honor the names of its creators.

Ancient creations are not the only ones that grab our attention. We constantly come across works of art in Everyday life... Visiting museums and exhibition halls, we want to join that wonderful world, which is accessible at first only to geniuses, and then to others, we learn to understand, see, absorb the beauty that has already become a part of our everyday life.

Pictures, music, theater, books, films give a person incomparable joy and satisfaction, make him sympathize. Eliminate all this from the life of a civilized person, and he will turn, if not into an animal, then into a robot or a zombie. The wealth of art is inexhaustible. It is impossible to visit all museums in the world, all symphonies, sonatas, operas cannot be listened to, all masterpieces of architecture cannot be reviewed, all novels, poems, and poems cannot be re-read. And to nothing. Know-it-alls are actually superficial people. Of all the diversity, a person chooses for the soul that which is closest to him, which gives the basis for his mind and feelings.

The possibilities of art are multifaceted. Art forms intellectual and moral qualities, stimulates creativity, and promotes successful socialization. V Ancient Greece the visual arts were considered as an effective means of influencing a person. The galleries exhibited sculptures that personified noble human qualities ("Mercy", "Justice", etc.). It was believed that, contemplating beautiful statues, a person absorbs all the best that they reflect. The same applies to the paintings of the great masters.

A group of researchers led by Professor Marina de Tommaso from the University of Bari, Italy, found that beautiful paintings can reduce pain, writes the Daily Telegraph today. Scientists hope that the new results will convince hospitals and hospitals to be more concerned with decorating their rooms.

In the course of the study, a group of people, both their men and their women, were asked to look at 300 paintings by artists such as Leonardo da Vinci and Sandro Botticelli, as well as select 20 paintings from them that they find the most beautiful and most ugly. At the next stage, the subjects were shown these pictures or did not show anything, leaving a large black wall for pictures free, and simultaneously hit the participants with a short laser pulse comparable in strength to touching a hot frying pan. It was found that when people observe pictures that they like, pain is felt three times less intense than in cases when they are forced to look at an ugly picture or a black wall.

Not only children, but often adults too, are unable to cope with their emotions. We live by the rules, we force ourselves with constant "It is necessary, necessary, necessary ...", forgetting about our desires. Because of this, an internal discontent arises, which a person, being a social being, tries to keep in himself. As a result, the body suffers, because a negative emotional state often leads to various diseases. Creativity in this case helps to relieve emotional stress, harmonize the inner world and achieve mutual understanding with others. Of course, this can be not only drawing, but also applications, embroidery, photography, modeling from matches, prose, poetry and much more, one way or another related to art.

The question of how literature affects a person, his behavior and psyche, what mechanisms lead to peculiar experiences and, as a consequence, to a change in a person's personality characteristics when reading literary work, occupied the minds of many scientists and researchers from ancient times to the present. Fiction, giving knowledge of reality, expands the mental horizons of readers of all ages, gives an emotional experience that goes beyond what a person could acquire in his life, forms artistic taste, delivers aesthetic pleasure, which occupies a large place in the life of a modern person and is one of his needs. But most importantly, the main function of fiction is the formation of deep and stable feelings in people, prompting them to think through, define their worldview, direct behavior personality.

Literature is for people a school of feelings and cognition of reality and forms an idea about the ideal actions of people, about the beauty of the world and relationships. The Word is a great mystery. Its magical power lies in the ability to evoke vivid images, to transport the reader to another world. Without literature, we would never have learned that once upon a time there lived a wonderful person and writer Victor Hugo or, for example, Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin. We would not know anything about the time when they lived. Thanks to literature, we become more educated, we learn the history of our ancestors.

The influence of music on a person is great. A person hears sound not only with his ears; he hears the sound with every part of his body. Sound permeates his entire being, and in accordance with a certain influence slows down or accelerates the rhythm of blood circulation; either excites the nervous system, or soothes it; awakens in a person stronger passions or pacifies him, bringing him peace. A certain effect is produced according to the sound. Therefore, knowledge of sound can provide a person with a magical tool for directing, tuning, controlling and using life, as well as helping other people with the greatest benefit.It is no secret that art can heal.

Isotherapy, dance therapy, music therapy are already common truths.

The scientist Robert Schofler, the creator of musical pharmacology, prescribes to listen to all the symphonies of Tchaikovsky, Schubert's "Forest Tsar", Beethoven's ode "To Joy" for therapeutic purposes. He claims that these works contribute to an accelerated recovery. And researchers at the University of California have experimentally proved that after 10 minutes of listening to Mozart's music tests showed an increase in the IQ of students by 8-9 units.

But not all art heals.

For example: Rock music - causes the release of stress hormones, which erase some of the information in the brain, cause aggression or depression. Russian psychologist D. Azarov notes that there is a special combination of notes, he called them killer music. Having listened to such musical phrases several times, a person develops a gloomy mood and thoughts.

Bell ringing kills quickly:

typhoid bacteria
viruses.

Classical music (Mozart and others) contributes to:

general reassurance
increase in milk secretion (by 20%) in nursing mothers.

 The rhythmic sounds of some performers, through a direct effect on the brain, contribute to:

release of stress hormones
memory impairment
weakening (after 1-2 years) of the general condition (especially when listening to music with headphones).

Mantra, or meditative sounds "om", "aum", etc., have a vibrating character.
Vibrations initially promote the activation of certain organs, brain structures. At the same time, many different hormones are released into the blood. (This probably helps to do monotonous work with less energy).

Vibrating sounds cause

pleasure - for some people, for others - the same sounds cause
stress reaction with the release of hormones and a sharp increase in oxidative metabolism.

contributes to a sharp rise in blood pressure,
often leading to heart cramps.

In the literary sources of antiquity, we find many examples of the purposeful influence of music on the mental state of people. Plutarch says that Alexander the Great's fits of frenzied anger were usually pacified by playing the lyre. The mighty Achilles, according to Homer, tried, playing the lyre, to cool his "famous" anger, which begins the action in the Iliad.

It was believed that music saves from inevitable death when bitten by poisonous snakes and scorpions. As an antidote in these cases, music was widely recommended by one of the most famous doctors of ancient Rome, Galen. Nirkus, a companion of Alexander the Great on his campaigns, having visited India, said that in this country, teeming with poisonous snakes, singing is considered the only remedy for their bites. How can we explain the miraculous effect of music? Studies of our time have shown that music in such cases acts not as an antidote, but as a means of eliminating mental trauma, it helps the victim to suppress the feeling of horror. This is just one example when the health and even life of a person largely depends on his state of mind. But even this separate example allows one to judge how great the role of the nervous system in the body is. It must be taken into account when explaining the mechanism of the impact of art means on human health.

Even more striking is the effect of music on emotions. The influence of music on emotions was known in ancient times. Music was used for medicinal purposes and in war. Music acts both as a means of distracting from thoughts that bother a person, and as a means of calming and even healing. Music plays a great role as a means of fighting overwork. Music can set a certain rhythm before starting work, tune in to deep rest during a break.

Art makes the world of people more beautiful, lively and vibrant. For example, painting: how many old paintings have survived to our time, by which it is possible to determine how people lived two, three, four or more centuries ago. Now there are many paintings written by our contemporaries, and whatever it is: abstraction, realism, still life or landscape, painting is a wonderful art, with the help of which a person learned to see the world bright and colorful.
Architecture is another of the most important forms of art. A huge number of the most beautiful monuments are scattered all over the world, and they are not just called "monuments" - they contain the greatest secrets of history and the memory of them. Sometimes these mysteries cannot be solved by scientists all over the world.
Of course, in order to perceive the beauty of opera, for example, it is necessary to know its features, to understand the language of music and vocals, with the help of which the composer and singers convey all the shades of life and feelings and influence the thoughts and emotions of the listeners. The perception of poetry and the visual arts also requires some preparation and appropriate understanding. Even an interesting story will not capture the reader if he has not developed a technique of expressive reading, if he will spend all his energy on composing words from the sounds spoken and will not experience their artistic and aesthetic influence.

The effect of the means of art on a person can be caused by the long-term or long-term. This emphasizes the great possibilities for using art in order to obtain a persistent and long-lasting effect, using it for educational purposes, as well as for general health improvement and prevention. Art acts not on any one human ability and strength, be it emotion or intellect, but on a person as a whole. It forms, sometimes unaccountably, the very system of human attitudes.

The artistic genius of the famous poster by D. Moore "Have you signed up as a volunteer?" Those. the power of art consists in appealing to the human conscience, awakening its spiritual abilities. And on this occasion, you can cite the famous words of Pushkin:

Burn the hearts of people with the verb.

It seems that this is the true purpose of art.

2.5 Life is short, art is eternal.

Art is eternal and beautiful, because it brings beauty and goodness to the world.

A person is presented with very strict requirements and art must reflect these requirements. Artists of classicism were equal to classical samples. It was believed that the eternal is unchanging - therefore, one must learn from the Greek and Roman authors. Knights, kings, dukes very often become heroes. They were convinced that truth creates beauty in art - therefore, a writer must imitate nature and portray life believably. Rigid canons of the theory of classicism appear. The art scholar Boileau writes: "The incredible is not capable of touching, even if the truth always looks believable." The writers of classicism approached life from the standpoint of reason, they did not trust the feeling, they considered it changeable and deceitful. Accurate, reasonable, truthful and beautiful. "You need to think over the thought and only then write."

Art does not become obsolete. In the book of the academician philosopher I.T. Frolov wrote: “The reason for this is the unique originality of works of art, their deeply individualized character, which is ultimately conditioned by the constant appeal to man. The unique unity of man and the world in a work of art, "human reality". The renowned Danish physicist Niels Bohr wrote: "The reason why art can enrich us is its ability to remind us of harmonies beyond the reach of systematic analysis." In art, problems are often highlighted for all mankind, "eternal": what is good and evil, freedom, human dignity. The changing conditions of each era force us to solve these issues anew.

Art is multifaceted, eternal, but, unfortunately, it cannot influence people without their will, mental exertion, a certain work of thought. A person must want to learn to see and understand the beautiful, then art will have a beneficial effect on him, society as a whole. This will probably be in the future. In the meantime, talented creators should not forget that their works are capable of influencing millions, and this can be beneficial or detrimental.

Let me give you a simple example. For example, an artist painted a picture. The painting depicts negative scenes of murder, everywhere there is blood, dirt, the most chaotic, harsh tones are used, in short, the whole picture acts depressingly on the viewer, causing negative emotions in a person. The energy comes from the picture is extremely depressing. So much for the complete interconnection of the artist's thinking with the physical creation of the picture and, accordingly, the viewer or spectators looking at it ... Imagine thousands, tens of thousands of such depressing pictures. The same can be said about our cinema. What cartoons do our children watch, not to mention adult films? And in general now there is not even such a prohibition "Up to 16" as in the 70s. Continuous "negativism" ... Imagine how much negative energy in the country, in the world, on the whole Earth! .. The same can be said about all types of our art!
“Thinking together with action brings about change. If they are noble, then they liberate, save, promote prosperity. enrich. If they are base, then they enslave, impoverish, weaken, destroy. If the propaganda of violence, the cult of strength, evil steps on our screens, we will perish after the unlucky heroes of these one-day militants.

True art should be beautiful, have a kind, humane beginning with age-old traditions.

3. Conclusion.

Art plays a vital role in our lives, helping future generations to grow morally. Each generation contributes to the development of humanity, enriching it culturally. Without art, we would hardly be able to look at the world from different points of view, in a different way, look beyond the ordinary, feel a little sharper. Art, like a person, has many small veins, blood vessels, organs.

Passions, aspirations, dreams, images, fears - everything that every person lives with - acquire increativityspecial color and strength.

It is impossible for everyone to be creators, but it is within our power to try to penetrate into the essence of the creation of a genius, to come closer to understanding the beautiful. And the more often we become contemplators of paintings, architectural masterpieces, listeners to beautiful music, the better for us and those around us.

Art helps us to master science and gradually deepen our knowledge. And as mentioned above, it is an essential part of human development:

Forms in a person the ability to perceive, feel, correctly understand and appreciate the beauty in the surrounding reality and art,

Forms the skills of using the means of art to understand the life of people, nature itself;

Develops a deep understanding of the beauty of nature, the surrounding world. the ability to preserve this beauty;

Arms people with knowledge, as well as instills skills in the field of accessible types of arts - music, painting, theater, artistic expression, architecture;

Develops creativity, abilities and skills to feel and create beauty in the surrounding life, at home, in everyday life;

Develops an understanding of beauty in human relationships, the desire and ability to bring beauty into everyday life.

So, art affects our life from all sides, makes it varied and vibrant, lively and interesting, rich, helping a person to better and better understand his purpose in this world.Our earthly world is woven from perfection and imperfection. And it depends only on the person himself how he will make his future, what he will read, what he will listen to, how he will speak.

“The best means for educating feelings in general, for awakening the feelings of beauty, for the development of creative imagination, is art itself,” the scientist-psychologist N.Ye. Rumyantsev.

4. Literature

1. Nazarenko-Krivosheina E.P. Are you beautiful, man? - M.: They say. guard, 1987.

2. Nezhnov G.G. Art in our life. - M., "Knowledge", 1975

3. Pospelov G.N. Art and aesthetics.- Moscow: Art, 1984.

8. Solntsev N.V. Heritage and time. M., 1996.

9. For the preparation of this work, materials from Internet sites were used.

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Art has existed since ancient times. It accompanied man throughout his entire existence. The first manifestations of art were very primitive drawings on the walls of caves, made by primitive people. Even then, when every day it was necessary to fight for his life, a person was drawn to art, even then love for the beautiful was manifested.

There are many different types of art in our time. These are literature, musical and visual arts, etc. Now the natural talent of a person is combined with the latest technologies, creating fundamentally new trends in art. Of course, before there were no such opportunities as in our time, but each artist strove to come up with something special, to contribute to the development of this type of art.

And yet, why do we attach such great importance to art? What role does it play in a person's life? The figurative recreation of reality creates our personality. Cultural and spiritual development has a great impact on our lives. Indeed, in most cases people are judged not by their appearance, but by what they have inside. A person with a very unattractive appearance can be beautiful if you just get to know him better. Comprehensively developed, spiritually rich people have always aroused the interest of those around them, it is interesting and pleasant to communicate with them. We all have to develop, improve ourselves, and art helps us in this difficult task. It helps to better know the world around us and ourselves.

Self-awareness is one of the most important stages in the formation of a human personality. Art is often a way to assert yourself, to say something to the whole world. It is like a message to the future, a kind of appeal to the people. Each work of art has its own purpose: to acquaint, teach, induce thought. Art requires understanding. Thoughtless contemplation of paintings or reading books of great masters makes no sense. You need to understand what exactly the artist wanted to say, for what purpose this or that creation appeared. Only under this condition will art fulfill its task, teach us something.

It is often said that in our time people have almost ceased to be interested in art. I believe that this is not the case. Times change, generations change. Views and tastes do not remain unchanged either. But there are topics that will be relevant at all times. Of course, our society attaches more importance to material enrichment than spiritual enrichment. But this does not mean that people do not pay attention to cultural life, do not appreciate art. We must not forget about art, because it plays an important role in our life.

(406 words) Art is perhaps one of the most important spheres of human existence. It gave us a great variety of beautiful eternal creations: graceful music, majestic masterpieces of architecture, thoughtful books and much, much more. In my opinion, the influence of art on the history of mankind in general and the human soul in particular is truly enormous. Confirmation of this can be found not only in Russian, but also in the entire world literature.

For example, O. Henry in his story "The Pharaoh and the Chorale" tells us about the New York beggar Soopi. This degraded, immoral man pursues one single goal - to go to prison in order to spend the winter in warmth and comfort, without doing anything. For the sake of realizing his plan, Sopi commits many dubious acts: steals, brawls and debauchery, but the doors of the cherished prison remain closed to him. Already completely desperate, the main character suddenly hears the sounds of a chant coming from the church. The music strikes Soapy to the core, the shameless vagabond realizes how low he has fallen. A new beginning is born in his soul, which encourages him to take the right path. He is reborn and firmly decides to start life from scratch. The power of art is truly unlimited, because only a melody can transform a person beyond recognition.

N.V. Gogol in the story "Portrait" sketches before us the fate of the artist Andrei Petrovich Chartkov. A talented but poor young man, by the will of providence, becomes the owner of a huge amount of money. Andrey's first noble impulse is to go headlong into work, to bring his talent to perfection. But plunged into the cycle of secular life, the main character eventually departs from real art, turning into a servant of the rich. He creates beautiful, perfect in shape, but dead and meaningless crafts, losing talent in exchange for fleeting glory. After some time, a painting of a former comrade Chartkov, who devoted his whole life to art, who sacrificed everything for his sake, was brought to Russia. Just once looking at the creation of a true artist, Andrei realizes the meaninglessness of his life, he realizes that in the pursuit of fame he killed his talent. The main character he tries in vain to revive the creator in himself, but his attempts turn out to be meaningless, the muse left him. In despair, Chartkov begins to buy up and destroy the most beautiful paintings, and then falls ill and dies. According to Gogol, a person's life has no meaning without true art.

Art contains a great power, capable of not only raising a person to the height of bliss, making him better, but also overthrowing him, turning him to dust. It all depends on the personality itself and its willingness to heed the call of beauty that heals the world. She plays the strings human soul controlling us, tuning and frustrating us like a tool, that is why the results of creative efforts occupy an important place in the life of each of us.

Interesting? Keep it on your wall!

1. The purpose of art.

The question of what role art plays in human life is as old as the first attempts at theoretical comprehension. True, as L.N. Stolovich notes , at the very dawn of aesthetic thought, sometimes expressed in mythological form, in fact, there was no question. After all, our distant ancestor was sure that to pierce the image of a bison with a real or drawn arrow means to ensure a successful hunt, to perform a warlike dance means surely to defeat our enemies. The question is, what doubts could there be in the practical effectiveness of art if it was organically interwoven into the practical life of people, it was inseparable from the craft that created the world of objects and things necessary for the existence of people, was associated with magical rites, thanks to which people sought to influence the environment their reality? Is it any wonder their belief that Orpheus, who ancient greek mythology credits the invention of music and versification, could with his singing bend tree branches, move stones and tame wild animals.

The world of artistic images, according to the beliefs of ancient thinkers and artists, "imitating" life, became an integral part of the true life of a person. Euripides, for example, wrote:

No, I will not leave, Muses, your altar ...

There is no true life without art ...

But how does it affect a person wonderful world art?

Already ancient aesthetics tried to give answers to this question, but they were not unambiguous. To Plato, who recognized only such works of art that strengthen the moral foundations of an aristocratic state, he emphasized the unity of the aesthetic effectiveness of art and its moral significance.

According to Aristotle, the ability of art to exert both moral and aesthetic influence on a person is based on the "imitation" of reality, forming the very nature of his feelings: the same feelings and when faced with reality. "

The history of artistic culture has captured many cases when the perception of art served as a direct impetus for performing certain actions, for changing the way of life. Having read the novels of chivalry, the poor hidalgo Kehana turned into Don Quixote of La Mancha and went on a skinny Rocinante to assert justice in the world. The very image of Don Quixote has since become a household name, has served as an example to follow in real life.

Thus, we see that the origins of art are in reality, but a work of art is a special world that presupposes a perception that is different from the perception of life's reality. If the viewer, taking art for reality, tries to establish justice by physically killing the actor playing the villain, shooting at the movie screen or throwing himself at the picture with a knife, threatening the novelist, worrying about the fate of the hero of the novel, then all these are obvious symptoms or mental pathology in general. or, according to at least, pathology of artistic perception.

Art acts not on any one human ability and strength, be it emotion or intellect, but on a person as a whole. It forms, sometimes unconsciously, unconsciously, the very system of human attitudes, the action of which will manifest itself sooner or later and often unpredictably, and does not simply pursue the goal of prompting a person to a particular action.

The artistic genius of the famous poster by D. Moore “Have you volunteered?”, Which was so widely promoted during the Second World War, lies in the fact that it is not limited to a momentary pragmatic task, but appeals to the human conscience through all the spiritual abilities of a person. Those. the power of art consists in appealing to the human conscience, awakening its spiritual abilities. And on this occasion, you can cite the famous words of Pushkin:

It seems that this is the true purpose of art.

Art does not become obsolete. In the book of the academician philosopher I.T. Frolov's "Perspectives of Man" contains arguments about why art does not become obsolete. So, in particular, he notes: “The reason for this is the unique originality of works of art, their deeply individualized character, which is ultimately conditioned by the constant appeal to man. The unique unity of man and the world in a work of art, "human reality" cognized by him, deeply distinguish art from science, not only in the means used, but also in its very object, always correlated with the personality of the artist, his subjective perception of the world, while science tends to emerge beyond these limits, aspires to the "superhuman", guided by the principle of objectivity. Therefore, science also strives for a strict unambiguity of the perception of knowledge by a person, it finds the appropriate means for this, its own language, while works of art do not have such uniqueness: their perception, refracting through the subjective world of a person, generates a whole range of deeply individual shades and tones that do this perception is unusually diverse, although subordinate to a certain direction, a common theme. "

This is precisely the secret of the extraordinary impact of art on a person, his moral world, lifestyle, behavior. Turning to art, a person goes beyond the limits of rational unambiguity. Art reveals the mysterious, not amenable to scientific knowledge. That is why a person needs art as an organic part of what is contained in himself and in the world that he knows and enjoys.

The renowned Danish physicist Niels Bohr wrote: "The reason why art can enrich us is its ability to remind us of harmonies beyond the reach of systematic analysis." In art, problems are often highlighted for all mankind, "eternal": what is good and evil, freedom, human dignity. The changing conditions of each era force us to solve these issues anew.

2. The concept of art.

The word "art" is often used in its original, very broad meaning. This is every sophistication, every skill, mastery in the implementation of any tasks, requiring some kind of perfection in its results. In a narrower sense of the word, this is creativity "according to the laws of beauty." Works of art, like works of applied art, are created according to the "laws of beauty". Works of all types of artistic creativity contain in their content a generalizing awareness of life that exists outside of these works, and this is mainly human, social, national-historical life. If the content of works of art contains a generalizing awareness of national historical life, then in it, therefore, it is necessary to distinguish between the reflection of some general, essential features of life itself and the artist's consciousness generalizing them.

A work of art, like all other types of social consciousness, is always the unity of the object cognizable in it and the subject cognizing this object. The “inner world” cognized and reproduced by the lyric artist, even if it is his own “inner world”, is always the object of his cognition - active cognition, which includes the selection of essential features of this “inner world” and their comprehension and evaluation.

This means that the essence of lyric creativity lies in the fact that it is generally understood in general features of human experiences - either in their own temporary state and development, or in their focus on external world, for example, to a phenomenon of nature, as in landscape lyrics.

Epos, pantomime, painting, sculpture have huge differences among themselves, arising from the peculiarities of the means and methods of reproducing life in each of them. And nevertheless, they are all visual arts, in all of them the essential features of national-historical life are recognized in their external manifestations.

In a primitive, pre-class society, art as a special kind of social consciousness did not yet exist independently. It was then in undifferentiated, undifferentiated unity with other aspects of syncretic consciousness and the creativity that expresses it - with mythology, magic, religion, with legends about the past tribal life, with primitive geographical concepts, with moral requirements.

And then art in the proper sense of the word was dismembered with other aspects of social consciousness, stood out among them in its special specific variety. It has become one of the forms of development of social consciousness of various peoples. So it should be considered in its later changes.

Thus, art is a special content-rich variety of the consciousness of society, it is an artistic content, not scientific and not philosophical. L. Tolstoy, for example, defined art as a means of exchange of feelings, opposing it with science as a means of exchange of thoughts.

Art is often compared to a reflecting mirror. This is not accurate. It would be more accurate to say, as Nezhnov, the author of the brochure Art in Our Life, noted: art is a special mirror with a unique and inimitable structure, a mirror that reflects reality through the thoughts and feelings of the artist. Through the artist, this mirror reflects those phenomena of life that attracted the artist's attention, excited him.

3. Artistic socialization of the personality and the formation of aesthetic taste.

At birth, a person does not have any social qualities. But from the first minutes of his life he was introduced to human society. Growing up, developing, he is gradually included in various communities of people, starting with a family, a group of peers and ending with a social class, nation, people. The process of forming such qualities of an individual that ensure his inclusion in a certain social integrity is called socialization. In the process of socialization, the individual masters the knowledge, norms, values adopted in one or another community of people, but perceives, absorbs them not passively, but refracting through his individuality, through his life experience. So he becomes a person who is a unique ensemble of social relations.

Socialization is at the same time internalization, i.e. the transition of social relations external to the individual into his inner spiritual world.

There are many means and "mechanisms" of socialization, and among them a special place is occupied by art, which, along with other social institutions and forms, "connects" a person to the interests and needs of society in all its diverse forms. Revealing and more clearly presenting the features of artistic socialization allows its formation with other types of socialization of the individual.

Formation of personality, its functioning as a member of society is impossible without morality. Moral norms governing the behavior of an individual link it to society. As a result of interiorization, acquiring moral consciousness and legal awareness, a person, as a rule, by his own free will, fulfills moral norms and legal laws.

Art, in which the aesthetic attitude of a person to the world is objectified and to the greatest extent concentrated, is an indispensable factor in the socialization of the individual, linking it with society with the most intimate bonds and influencing the most intimate aspects of human behavior. At the same time, familiarization with diverse aesthetic relations through the development of aesthetic and artistic values is accomplished without any infringement of the sovereignty of the personality itself, but on the contrary, through its development and spiritual enrichment, and what is extremely important, completely free.

Aesthetic taste is formed mainly in the process of direct communication with works of art, awakening in a person the ability for aesthetic perception and experience, the ability to make a choice and sensually and intellectually evaluate the phenomena of reality in accordance with the social and artistic experience of a person, his social feelings and worldview. It manifests itself in the form of individual assessments, but is always organically connected with the aesthetic, philosophical, ethical, political views of a person, due to public relations of people.

Consequently, taste is a historically specific system of emotional and evaluative preferences, which, ultimately, is comprehended and correlated with the social and aesthetic ideals of both certain classes, social groups, and the individual.

Since the aesthetic taste develops and improves mainly in communication with works of art, then it is very important that people more often come across truly real high art.

Throughout the history of mankind, many priceless masterpieces of various types of art have been created. This spiritual wealth can be mastered by anyone who wants to, who understands its beneficial influence, instills in himself first the habit, and then the need to communicate with art.

Forming and honing a taste for beauty in art, people then strive to bring beauty into all areas of human life, into life itself, into the behavior and attitudes of people, into their environment. Since life is subject to the same law of beauty as art, a person, through communication with art, strives to create beauty in life by himself, becomes a creator of himself.

So we strive for the perfection of our body and our movements, for beautiful furniture, clothes, housing, as well as for beautiful manners, for beautiful forms of life and communication, for beautiful speech. And this requirement of our aesthetic taste prompts us to fight bad taste.

Bad taste manifests itself in different ways. Outward beauty, loudness, luridness he takes for true beauty... People with bad taste are characterized by a gravitation towards something that has a direct effect on external feelings, which causes not an aesthetic experience, but physical arousal. A person with bad taste does not like serious art, since it requires from him a certain amount of tension, reflection, efforts of feelings and will. He is more satisfied with superficially entertaining works, art of primitive forms without deep content.

Bad taste also manifests itself in the form of a kind of snobbery - a light and at the same time categorical judgment about art. Snobs are characterized by a formal approach to the phenomena of art, a claim to the only correct assessment of works of art, and hence a disdain for the artistic tastes of others.

4. PERSPECTIVE OF ARTISTIC CULTURE IN THE TRANSITION PERIOD

The core of artistic culture is art.

According to the subject of creation, art can be divided into the following groups: folk art, amateur art and professional artistic activity.

Folk art forms the basis of artistic culture. Reflecting the worldview, aesthetic ideals and tastes of people spontaneously emerging in the process of historical practice, folk art is distinguished by its originality, originality, national character, humanistic orientation, love of freedom, striving for justice and goodness. In folk collective art, artistic images and methods of creativity, accumulated, tested and refined by many generations, are used for centuries. The continuity and stability of artistic traditions are successfully combined in it with individual skill and innovation in circulation and the usual pictorial and expressive means, iconic storylines and the like. Diversification, accessibility, brightness and improvisation are integral features of folk art.

“In search of a model for the future of Russia, Russian reformers have always turned their eyes to Europe and there were few people who wanted to renovate the country on a traditional basis. Nevertheless, we have values that, in view of their national identity and soil, are of particular importance for our reforms. The main thing here is that they do not need to be "imported" from abroad, introduced, or implanted. They are traditionally their own, but they need to be restored, revived. "

K.N. Kostrikov, Candidate of Philosophy, in his work "The Historical Perspective of Artistic Culture in the Transition Period" noted that the isolation of art from the people, lowering the aesthetic level of the mass of people affects art itself, does not allow it to fulfill its social mission.

The picture that no one looks at is meaningless, the music that no one listens is meaningless. Artistic culture, in principle, must overcome all these contradictions and lead art culture, as well as art, onto the broad road of real connection with life. Only through its interaction with the broad masses of the people does artistic culture become a powerful lever for transforming reality. And the wider the circle of social content expressed by art, the more numerous its audience, the more full-blooded, vital, aesthetically meaningful art itself, artistic culture itself. Here one can rightfully see one of the most important specific features of art as a type of human activity.

Any product of labor - be it a tool, tool, machine or life support - is created for some special need. Even such products of spiritual production as scientific research may well remain accessible and important for a narrow group of specialists, without losing anything in their social significance. But a work of art can be recognized as such only on condition of universality, "general interest" of its content. The artist is called upon to express something that is equally important for both the driver and the scientist, which is applicable to their life, not only to the extent of the peculiarities of their profession, but also to the extent of their involvement in public life, the ability to be human, to be a person.

In the transitional period, the development of popular consciousness leads to the fact that a large circle of people, who previously did not come into contact with artistic culture in their spiritual development, gradually comes into contact with it. Today, more than ever, many yearn for real art, and not a substitute in the form of Western popular culture. The time has come to analyze all the pros and cons of the past century and start enlightening and shaping a new full-fledged person, with his understanding of his mission on this planet. Only this enlightenment should be qualitatively and artistically literate, which will form a new person, a person of peace and creation for the good!

To do this, it is necessary to start with the revival of the replication and distribution of domestic classics and works of domestic cinema. Urgently establish the functioning of clubs, houses of culture, where ordinary people can engage in amateur art in their free time, communicating with each other, instead of visiting dubious cultural and recreational centers. Domestic literary classics are necessary, like air, for today's newly-minted writers of the transitional period, who, without deep mastering of national history, will not be able to rise to the level of great literature.

The art of the word in its highest manifestations is always imbued with striving for the future. Orientation to the future is one of the main specific properties of artistic creativity, which distinguishes it from other types of human activity, directed primarily to the present. At the same time, almost every true artist is simultaneously marked by the deepest attention to the past.

Movement into the future - a movement real and mental, striving to understand where we are going - in fact, is comparable to the movement "at night in an unfamiliar area." And the only way to check the direction is to look back, to the past, this check “is happening now”, it has been and is always being done.

Conclusion

The development of the ability of artistic perception, therefore, is at the same time the education of taste, the content of which is broader, since it embraces not only the phenomena of art, but also all reality in its aesthetic originality. Taste is formed not only in communication with art, but in the course of the entire life of an individual, under the influence of the environment itself, and, therefore, the quality of aesthetic taste will depend on what art is and what the environment is.

I would like to conclude my work with the words of the German writer, poet and statesman of the GDR Johannes Becher:

“To live beautifully is not just an empty sound,

Only the one who multiplied beauty in the world

Labor, struggle, - that life lived beautifully,

Truly crowned with beauty! "

Bibliography

1. Aristotle. Op. in 4 volumes. M., 1983.Vol. 4

2. Euripides. Tragedies. M., 1969. T.1

3. K.N. Kostrikov. "Historical perspective of artistic culture in the transition period." // Social policy and sociology. No. 3-2004. P.102-113

4. Nazarenko-Krivosheina E.P. Are you beautiful, man? - M.: They say. guard, 1987.

5. Nezhnov G.G. Art in our life. - M., "Knowledge", 1975

6. Pospelov G.N. Art and aesthetics.- Moscow: Art, 1984.

7. Pushkin A.S. Full collection op. in 6 volumes.Vol.2

8. Solntsev N.V. Heritage and time. M., 1996.

9.Stolovich L.N. Life-creativity - man: Functions of the artist. activity. - M .: Politizdat, 1985.

Stolovich L.N. Life-creativity-man: Functions of artistic activity.- Moscow: Politizdat, 1985, p. 3

Euripides. Tragedies. M., 1969.Vol. 1 p. 432

Aristotle, Op. in 4 volumes. M., 1983.T.4. with. 637

Pushkin A.S. Full collection op. in 6 volumes.Vol.2 P.7

Nazarenko-Krivosheina E.P. Are you beautiful, man? -M.: Like. Guard, 1987.S. 151

Pospelov G.N. Art and aesthetics.- Moscow: Art, 1984, p. 3

Secretiveness - cohesion, indivisibility of various aspects of primitive consciousness.

Nezhnov G.G. Art in our life. - M., "Knowledge", 1975. P. 29

Solntsev N.V., Heritage and Time. M., 1996.S. 94

K.N. Kostrikov. Historical perspective of artistic culture in the transition period. // "Social policy and sociology". No. 3-2004. P. 108

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