Lyubov Andreevna - main character plays by Chekhov " The Cherry Orchard". This woman is the main representative of the female half of the nobility of that time, with all their vices and positive features... It is in her house that the play takes place.

She skillfully combines both positive and negative traits of her character.

Ranevskaya is a naturally beautiful woman with good manners, a true noblewoman, kind, but very trusting in life. After the death of her husband and the tragic death of her son, she went abroad, where she lived for five years with her lover, who eventually robbed her. There Lyubov Andreevna leads a wasteful lifestyle: balls, receptions, all this takes a lot of money. Meanwhile, her daughters live in shortage, but she has a cool attitude towards them.

She is far from reality, she lives in her own world. Her sentimentality manifests itself in longing for the Motherland, for the departed youth. Arriving, after a long absence home, where she returns in the spring, Ranevskaya finds comfort. Nature itself with its beauty helps her in this.

At the same time, she does not think about the future, arranges a ball, knowing that she has no money for her future life. It's just that Lyubov Andreevna cannot refuse a beautiful life.

She is kind, helping others, especially old Firs. But on the other hand, leaving the estate, she forgets about him, leaving him in an abandoned house.

Leading an idle lifestyle cannot be happy. It was her fault for the death of the garden. In her life she did nothing good, therefore she remained in the past, very unhappy. Having lost the cherry orchard and estate, she also loses her homeland, returning to Paris.

Leonid Gaev

Landowner Leonid Gaev is endowed with a peculiar character in the play "The Cherry Orchard". In some ways, he is similar to his sister Ranevskaya. He is also characterized by romanticism, sentimentality. He loves the garden and is very worried about selling it, but does absolutely nothing to save the estate.

His idealism is manifested in the fact that he makes unrealizable plans, thinking that his aunt will give money, or Anya will marry successfully, or someone will leave them an inheritance and the garden will be saved.

Leonid Andreevich is very talkative, loves to make speeches, but at the same time he can say nonsense. Nieces often ask him to shut up.

Completely impractical, lazy, not adaptable to change. He lives on everything ready, leading a riotous lifestyle in his old world, not understanding new trends. The servant even helps him to undress, although over time he will not even remember about his devoted Firs.

He has no family, because he believes that he needs to live for himself. He lives for himself, visiting gambling establishments, playing billiards and having fun. At the same time, he scatters money, having a lot of debts.

You can't rely on him. He swears that the garden will not be sold, but he does not fulfill his promise. Gayev is going through the loss of his garden and estate hard, he even gets a job as an employee in a bank, but few believe that he will stay there because of his laziness.

Ermolay Lopakhin

The merchant Ermolai Alekseevich Lopakhin is a representative of a new class - the bourgeoisie, which replaced the nobility.

Coming from the common people, he never forgets this and treats the common people well, because his grandfather and father were serfs on the Ranevsky estate. He knew from childhood what ordinary people are and always considered himself a man.

Thanks to his intelligence, perseverance, hard work, he got out of poverty and became a very rich man, although he is always afraid of losing his capital. Ermolai Alekseevich gets up early, works hard and has achieved success.

Lopakhin is sometimes gentle, kind and affectionate, he notices beauty and, in his own way, he feels sorry for the cherry orchard. He offers Ranevskaya a plan to save the garden, not forgetting that at one time she did a lot for him. And when Ranevskaya refuses to surrender the garden for summer cottages, a vein of a predator, a conqueror appears in its features. He buys an estate and a garden, in which his ancestors were slaves, and triumphs, because his old dream has come true. Here one can see clearly his merchant's grasp. “I can pay for everything,” he says. Destroying the garden, he does not worry, but rejoices at his own benefit.

Anya

Anya is one of the heroes who strive for the future.

From the age of twelve she was brought up on her uncle's estate, abandoned by her mother, who had gone abroad. Of course, she could not get a proper education, because the governess in the past was just a circus performer. But Anya persistently, through books, filled in the gaps in knowledge.

The beauty of the cherry orchard, which she loved very much and the redundancy of time on the estate, gave impetus to the formation of her delicate nature.

Anya is sincere, spontaneous and childishly naive. She believes in people, and that is why Petya Trofimov, the former teacher of her younger brother, had such a strong influence on her.

After four years of the girl's stay abroad, with her mother, seventeen-year-old Anya returns home and meets Petya there. Having fallen in love with him, she sincerely trusted the young schoolboy and his ideas. Trofimov changed her attitude to the cherry orchard and to the surrounding reality.

Anya wants to leave her parental home and start new life, having passed the exams for the gymnasium course and live by working. The girl is ready to follow Petya anywhere. She already does not feel sorry for either the cherry orchard or the old life. She believes in a bright future and strives for it.

Believing in a happy future, she sincerely says goodbye to her mother: "We will plant a new garden, more luxurious than this ...".

Anya is a representative of youth who can change the future of Russia.

Petya Trofimov

The image of Petya Trofimov in the work is inextricably linked with the theme of the future of Russia.

Petya is a former teacher of Ranevskaya's son. He is called an eternal student, because he will never finish his studies at the gymnasium. Moving from place to place, he wanders the country, dreaming of better life, in which beauty and justice will prevail.

Trofimov really perceives the events that are taking place, realizing that the garden is beautiful, but its death is inevitable. He hates the nobility, is convinced that their time is up, condemns people who use the work of others and preaches the idea of ​​a bright future where everyone will be happy. But the point is that he only preaches and does nothing for this future himself. For Trofimov it is not important whether he himself reaches this future, or shows the way to others. And he knows how to speak and convince perfectly.

Petya convinced Anya that it was impossible to live the old life, that changes were needed, that she needed to get rid of poverty, vulgarity and filth and become free.

He considers himself a free man and refuses Lopakhin's money, just as he refuses love, denying it. He tells Ana that their relationship is above love and encourages her to believe him, his ideas.

At the same time, Petya is petty. When he lost his old galoshes, he was very upset, but he was happy when the galoshes were found.

This is how he is, Petya Trofimov - an ordinary intellectual of progressive views, who has many shortcomings.

Varya

Varya, unlike other characters in the work, lives in the present, and not in the past and future.

At 24, she is simple and rational. When her mother went abroad, all the household chores fell on her shoulders, and she coped with it for the time being. Varya works from morning to evening, saving every penny, but the extravagance of her family put her to save the estate from ruin.

She is very religious and dreams of going to a monastery, but she could not collect money to go through the holy places. Others do not believe in her religiosity, but in fact she is.

Varya is direct and strict, she is not afraid to make comments, but she does them correctly. At the same time, she has a feeling of love and tenderness. She loves her sister Anya very much, calls her darling, a beauty and is very worried that she is in love with Petya Trofimov, because he is not her match.

Vara likes Lopakhin, for whom her mother hopes to marry her, but she understands that he will not propose to her, for he is busy accumulating his own wealth.

But Trofimov for some reason considers Varya limited, not understanding what is happening. But this is not so, the girl understands that the estate has fallen into disrepair and ruined, that it will be sold and the cherry orchard will not be saved. This is the reality in her understanding and in this reality you need to continue to live.

In a new life, Varya will survive without money, for she has a practical character and is adapted to life's difficulties.

Charlotte Ivanovna

Charlotte Ivanovna - minor character in the play. She is the governess of the Ranevsky family. She herself is from a family of circus performers who made their living by performing.

WITH early childhood and Charlotte helped her parents to perform circus acts, and when her parents died, she was raised by a German lady who gave her education. Growing up, Charlotte began working as a governess, earning her living.

Charlotte knows how to show tricks and tricks, speaks in different voices. All this remained with her parents, although she knows nothing more about them, not even her age. Some heroes consider her an attractive woman, but nothing is said about the heroine's personal life.

Charlotte is very lonely, as she says: "... I have no one." But on the other hand, she is a free person and does not depend on the circumstances, she just observes what is happening from the side and assesses what is happening in her own way. So, she speaks with a slight reproach about the extravagance of her masters, but she says it with such ease that it is noticeable that she does not care.

The image of Charlotte is in the background, but some of her remarks are associated with the actions of the main characters of the play. And at the end of the work, Charlotte worries that she has nowhere to live and needs to leave the city. This highlights the fact that she is just as homeless as her owners.

Heroes of the work The Cherry Orchard

Main characters

Lyubov Andreevna Ranevskaya- a woman who has no money, but wants to prove to herself and the public that they are. Irresponsible and emotional. As a rule, he does not think about what will happen "after", he lives for one day. We can say that in a cocoon of pompous fun, she hides from everyday difficulties, worries and duties. Her bankruptcy happened while living abroad - hastily selling the estate, she returns to France.

Ermolai Alekseevich Lopakhin- a well-to-do merchant from a simple class. Quite cunning, adventurous. Rough, but incredibly resourceful. Prudent. It is he who buys the estate of the main character.

Minor heroes

Leonid Andreevich Gaev- Ranevskaya's sentimental brother. To somewhat "sweeten" the sorrow of his sister after the sale of the estate, he begins to develop plans to overcome difficulties. Quite often they are absurd and ineffective.

Trofimov Petr Sergeevich- a rather incomprehensible person, with oddities. His main hobby is reasoning. Trofimov has no family, does not serve anywhere, he is a man without a fixed abode. Despite the fact that he is a person of extraordinary views, sometimes Pyotr Sergeevich contradicts himself.

Anya- a young, fragile, romantic girl. Despite the fact that the heroine supports her parent, some innovative features and a thirst for change are already beginning to appear in her.

Varya- realistic. You can even say a somewhat down-to-earth, peasant girl. She runs a household on the estate, is the adopted daughter of Ranevskaya. Feels feelings for Lopakhin, but is afraid to admit it.

Simeonov - Pischik- a ruined nobleman who is "in debt as in silks." Trying in vain to cover all his debts. Always on the lookout for a livelihood. To be rescued financially, he grovels and humiliates himself, without feeling any remorse. Sometimes Fortune really turns out to be on his side.

Charlotte Ivanovna- the governess. Age is unknown. Even among the crowd, he feels lonely. Knows how to perform tricks, which indicates that it is possible that her childhood was spent in a circus family.

Epikhodov- if there are "darlings of fate", then he is the complete opposite. Something always happens to the hero, he is clumsy, unlucky and "offended by Fortune." Despite a decent education, he does not know how to express his thoughts properly.

Dunyasha“This girl is a simple servant, but she has ambitions and demands. As a rule, the details of her wardrobe are not much different from the outfits of a socialite. However, the essence of man remains the same. Therefore, even in the midst of the pompous gloss, one can discern the fact that Dunya is a peasant. Her attempts to look more respectable are pathetic.

Firs, servant- Treats gentlemen well, but takes care of them like babies, takes care of them too much. By the way, the hero even dies with the thought of the owners.

Yasha- once he was a lackey. Now a soulless and empty dandy who has visited Paris. He is disrespectful to his native people. He condemns the fact that Russia is chasing the West, considers this a manifestation of ignorance and ignorance.

Option 3

The play "The Cherry Orchard" in 1903 was written by Chekhov. It shows the main problems of the dying nobility. The heroes of the play are saturated with the vices of the society of that time. This work is a discussion of the future fate of Russia.

Lyubov Andreevna is the mistress of the house in which all the events of the play take place. She beautiful woman well-mannered, educated, kind and trusting in life. After heavy losses in life, the death of her husband and son, she goes abroad, her lover robbed her glee. Living abroad, she leads a chic lifestyle, while her daughters live in poverty in their homeland. She has a cold relationship with them.

And then one day in the spring she decided to return home. And only at home did she find peace, the beauty of her native nature helped her in this.

Even without money, he cannot refuse a beautiful life.

But being a bad housewife, she loses everything: her house, her garden and, as a result, her homeland. She returns to Paris.

Leonid Gaev was a landowner and had a peculiar character. He was the brother of the main character, he, like her, was romantic and sentimental. He loved his home and garden, but does nothing to save him. He loves to talk very much, and, moreover, does not think about what he is saying. And his nieces often ask him to shut up.

He does not have his own family, he decided to live for himself, and lives. He goes to gambling establishments, plays billiards, has fun. He has a lot of debts. You can't rely on him. Nobody believes him.

In this hero, the writer showed almost all the vices of the youth of that period.

Ermolai Lopakhin was a merchant, a representative of a new class of the bourgeoisie. He was a native of the people. He remembers the good and does not break away from the people. He knew that his ancestors were serfs. With his perseverance and work, he got out of poverty, earned a lot of money.

He proposed a plan to save the garden and estate, but Ranevskaya refused. Then he buys the entire estate at the auction, and becomes the owner, where his ancestors were slaves.

His image shows the superiority of the bourgeoisie over the nobility.

He buys the garden, and when everyone left the estate, he cut it down.

Anya's daughter Lyubov Andreevna. She lived with her mother abroad, at the age of 17 she returned to her homeland and immediately fell in love with her brother's former teacher. Petra Trofimova. She trusts his ideas. He completely reconfigured the girl. She became a prominent representative of the new nobility.

Petya once taught his son Ranevskaya. He received the nickname “eternal student,” because he could not finish his studies at the gymnasium. He convinced Anya that her life must be changed, she must get rid of poverty. He does not believe in Anna's love, tells her that their relationship is higher than love. Urges her to leave with him.

Varya Ranevskaya's adopted daughter, she early began to engage in farming on the estate, she really understands what is happening. In love with Lopakhin.

She lives in the present, not the past and the future. Varya will survive in a new life, because she has a practical character.

Charlotte Ivanovna, Dunyasha, Yasha, Firs, servants in the Ranevsky estate, do not know where to go after the sale of the estate. Firs, due to his old age, did not know what to do, and when everyone left the estate, he dies in the house.

This work showed the decline of the nobility.

Several interesting compositions

• Philosophical lyrics Lermontov composition

  Many poets devoted their works to speculations on eternal questions about the meaning of life and the universe, about the role of man and about his purpose and place in this life.

  Hans Christian Andersen - genius writer, whose fairy tales have been taught, taught and will be learned by more than one generation of children. The Steadfast Tin Soldier, The Little Mermaid, The Ugly Duckling, Thumbelina

The Cherry Orchard as the central image of the play

The action of the last work by A.P. Chekhov takes place on the estate of Ranevskaya Lyubov Andreevna, which in a few months will be sold at auction for debts, and it is the image of the garden in the play "The Cherry Orchard" that takes center stage. However, from the very beginning, the presence of such a huge garden is puzzling. This circumstance was rather harshly criticized by I.A. Bunin, a hereditary nobleman and landowner. He wondered how one could extol cherry trees, which are not particularly beautiful, have gnarled trunks and small flowers. Bunin also drew attention to the fact that gardens of only one orientation are never found in manor estates, as a rule, they were mixed. If you count, the garden covers an area of ​​about five hundred hectares! A very large number of people are needed to care for such a garden. It is obvious that before the abolition of serfdom, the garden was kept in order, and it is quite possible that the harvest brought profit to its owners. But after 1860, the garden began to fall into disrepair, since the owners did not have the money or the desire to hire workers. And it's scary to imagine what impassable jungle the garden has turned into in 40 years, since the play takes place at the turn of the century, as evidenced by the walk of the owners and servants not through the beautiful bushes, but across the field.

All this shows that the play was not conceived of a specific everyday meaning of the image of the cherry orchard. Lopakhin singled out only its main advantage: "The only thing that is remarkable about this garden is that it is large." But it is precisely the image of the cherry orchard in Chekhov's play that is rendered as a reflection of the ideal meaning of the object of artistic space, built from the words actors which throughout stage history idealize and embellish the old garden. For the playwright, the blooming garden has become a symbol of ideal, but receding beauty. And this fleeting and destructible charm of the past, contained in thoughts, feelings and actions, is attractive both for the playwright and for the audience. Connecting the fate of the estate with the heroes, Chekhov combined nature with social significance by contrasting them, thereby revealing the thoughts and actions of his characters. He tries to remind what is the true destiny of people, for which spiritual renewal is necessary, in which lies the beauty and happiness of being.

Cherry Orchard - a means of revealing the characters of the characters

The image of the cherry orchard in the plot development of the play is of great importance. It is through the attitude towards him that the acquaintance with the worldview of the heroes occurs: their place in the historical changes that befell Russia becomes clear. The viewer's acquaintance with the garden takes place in May, at a wonderful time of flowering, and its aroma fills the surrounding space. The owner of the garden, who was absent for a long time, is returning from abroad. However, in the years she traveled, nothing in the house has changed. Even the nursery, which has not had a single child for a long time, bears the same name. What does a garden mean for Ranevskaya?

This is her childhood, she even imagines her mother, her youth and not a very successful marriage to a man like her, a frivolous spender; the love passion that arose after the death of her husband; death of the youngest son. From all this, she fled to France, abandoning everything, hoping that the escape would help her to forget. But even abroad, she did not find peace and happiness. And now she has to decide the fate of the estate. Lopakhin offers her the only way out - to cut down the garden, which does not bring any benefit and is very neglected, and give the vacated land for summer cottages. But for Ranevskaya, brought up in the best aristocratic traditions, everything that is replaced by money and is measured by it is vulgar. Rejecting Lopakhin's offer, she again and again asks his advice, hoping that it is possible to save the garden without destroying it: “What should we do? Teach what? " Lyubov Andreevna never dares to overstep her convictions, and the loss of the garden becomes a bitter loss for her. However, she admitted that she had no hands on the sale of the estate, and without much hesitation, leaving her daughters and brother, she was going to leave her homeland again.

Gaev goes over the ways to save the estate, but they are all ineffectual and too fantastic: to receive an inheritance, to marry Anya to a rich man, to ask for money from a rich aunt, or to borrow from someone else. However, he guesses about it: "... I have a lot of funds ... that means ... not a single one." He, too, is bitter from the loss of the family nest, but his feelings are not as deep as he would like to show it. After the auction, his sadness is dispelled as soon as he hears the sounds of his beloved billiards.

For Ranevskaya and Gaev, the cherry orchard is a thread into the past, where there was no room for thoughts about the financial side of life. This is a happy, carefree time when there was no need to decide something, there were no shocks, and they were the masters.

Anya loves the garden as the only bright thing in her life “I'm at home! Tomorrow morning I'll get up and run to the garden ... ". She is sincerely worried, but she cannot do anything to save the estate, relying on the decisions of her older relatives. Although in fact, she is much more reasonable than her mother and uncle. In many ways, under the influence of Petya Trofimov, the garden ceases to mean the same for Anya as it did for the older generation of the family. She outgrows this somewhat painful attachment to her native land, and later she herself wonders that she has ceased to love the garden: “Why do I no longer love the cherry orchard, as before ... it seemed to me that there was no better place like our garden. " And in the final scenes, she is the only one of the residents of the sold estate who looks to the future with optimism: "... We will plant a new garden, more luxurious than this, you will see it, you will understand ..."

For Petya Trofimov, the garden is a living monument to serfdom. It is Trofimov who says that the Ranevskaya family still lives in the past, in which they were the owners of "living souls", and this imprint of slavery on them: "... you ... no longer notice that you are living on debt, at someone else's expense ...", and openly declares that Ranevskaya and Gaev are simply afraid of real life.

The only person who fully understands the value of the cherry orchard is the "new Russian" Lopakhin. He sincerely admires it, calling it a place "there is nothing more beautiful in the world." He dreams rather to clear the territory of trees, but not for the purpose of destruction, but in order to transfer this land into a new hypostasis, which will be seen by “grandchildren and great-grandchildren”. He sincerely tried to help Ranevskaya save the estate and pity her, but now the garden belongs to him, and unrestrained glee is strangely mixed with compassion for Lyubov Andreevna.

The symbolic image of the cherry orchard

The play "The Cherry Orchard", written at the turn of the epochs, became a reflection of the changes taking place in the country. The old is already gone, and an unknown future is coming to replace it. For each of the participants in the play, the garden is his own, but symbolic image cherry orchard - as the one that was leaving the past for everyone except Lopakhin and Trofimov. “The earth is great and beautiful, there are many wonderful places on it,” says Petya, thereby showing that people new era, to which he belongs, is not characterized by attachment to his roots, and this is alarming. People who loved the garden easily abandoned it, and this is frightening, because if “All Russia is our garden,” as Petya Trofimov says, what will happen if everyone gives up on the future of Russia? And remembering history, we see: after just over 10 years, such upheavals began to occur in Russia that the country really became a mercilessly destroyed cherry orchard. Therefore, we can make an unambiguous conclusion: main image the play has become a true symbol of Russia.

The image of the garden, an analysis of its meaning in the play and a description of the attitude of the main characters towards it will help 10th grade students in preparing an essay on the topic “The image of a garden in the play“ The Cherry Orchard ”by Chekhov."

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Social statuses of the heroes of the play - as one of the characteristics

In the final play by A.P. Chekhov's "The Cherry Orchard" there is no division into main and secondary characters. All of them are the main, even seemingly episodic roles, are of great importance for revealing the main idea of ​​the whole work. The characterization of the heroes of The Cherry Orchard begins with their social presentation. After all, in human heads social status already leaves its mark, and not only on stage. So, Lopakhin, a merchant, is already in advance associated with a noisy and tactless merchant, incapable of any subtle feelings and experiences, but Chekhov warned that his merchant was different from typical representative of this class. Ranevskaya and Simeonov-Pischik, designated as landowners, look very strange. After all, after the abolition of serfdom social statuses the landlords remained in the past, since they no longer corresponded to the new social order. Gaev is also a landowner, but in the imagination of the heroes he is "Ranevskaya's brother", which suggests that this character is somehow dependent. With the daughters of Ranevskaya, everything is more or less clear. Anya and Varya have an age marked, showing that they are the most young characters"The Cherry Orchard".

The age is also indicated for the oldest character, Firs. Trofimov Pyotr Sergeevich is a student, and this is some kind of contradiction, because if a student, then it’s young and it’s too early to assign a patronymic, but meanwhile it is indicated.

Throughout the entire action of the play "The Cherry Orchard", the heroes are fully revealed, and their characters are outlined in a form typical for this type of literature - in speech characteristics given by themselves or by other participants.

Brief characteristics of the main characters

Although the main characters of the play are not singled out by Chekhov as a separate line, they are easy to identify. These are Ranevskaya, Lopakhin and Trofimov. It is their vision of their time that becomes the fundamental motive of the entire work. And this time is shown through the relation to the old cherry orchard.

Ranevskaya Lyubov Andreevna- the main character of "The Cherry Orchard" is a rich aristocrat in the past, accustomed to living at the behest of her heart. Her husband died quite early, leaving a bunch of debts. While she indulged in new feelings, her little son tragically died. Considering herself guilty of this tragedy, she flees from home, from her lover abroad, who, among other things, followed her and literally plundered her there. But her hopes of finding peace did not come true. She loves her garden and her estate, but cannot save it. It is impossible for her to accept Lopakhin's proposal, because then the centuries-old order in which the title of "landowner" is passed down from generation to generation carrying a cultural and historical heritage, inviolability and confidence in the world will be violated.

Lyubov Andreevna and her brother Gaev are characterized by all the best features of the nobility: responsiveness, generosity, education, a sense of beauty, the ability to sympathize. However, in modern times, all of them positive traits are not needed and are turned over in the opposite direction. Generosity becomes irrepressible squandering, responsiveness and the ability to sympathize turns into slobbering, education turns into idle talk.

According to Chekhov, these two heroes do not deserve sympathy and their feelings are not as deep as it might seem.

In the play "The Cherry Orchard" the main characters speak more than they do, and the only person - the action is Lopakhin Ermolai Alekseevich, central character, according to the author. Chekhov was sure that if his image failed, then the whole play would fail. Lopakhin is designated a merchant, but he would be more suitable modern word"businessman". The son and grandson of serfs became a millionaire thanks to his instinct, determination and intelligence, because if he were stupid and not educated, could he have achieved such success in his business? And it is no coincidence that Petya Trofimov speaks of his subtle soul. After all, only Ermolai Alekseevich realizes the value of the old garden and its true beauty... But his commercial streak is overwhelming, and he is forced to destroy the garden.

Trofimov Petya- an eternal student and " shabby gentleman". Apparently, he also belongs to a noble family, but has become, in fact, a homeless vagabond, dreaming of the common good and happiness. He talks a lot, but does nothing for the early onset of a bright future. He is also uncharacteristic of deep feelings for the people around him and attachment to the place. He lives only in dreams. However, he managed to captivate Anya with his ideas.

Anya, daughter of Ranevskaya... Her mother left her in the care of her brother at the age of 12. That is, in adolescence, so important for the formation of a personality, Anya was left to herself. She inherited the best qualities that are characteristic of the aristocracy. She is naive as a youth, perhaps that is why she was so easily carried away by Petya's ideas.

Brief characteristics of minor characters

The characters in the play "The Cherry Orchard" are divided into major and minor only according to the time of their participation in the actions. So Varya, Simeonov-Pischik Dunyasha, Charlotte Ivanovna and the footmen practically do not talk about the estate, and their perception of the world through the garden is not revealed, they are, as it were, torn off from it.

Varya- Ranevskaya's adopted daughter. But in essence she is the housekeeper on the estate, whose duties include caring for the owners and servants. She thinks at the everyday level, and her desire to devote herself to serving God is not taken seriously by anyone. Instead, they are trying to marry her to Lopakhin, who does not care about her.

Simeonov-Pischik- the same landowner as Ranevskaya. Constantly in debt. But his positive attitude helps to cope with his difficult situation. So, he does not hesitate a bit when he receives an offer to lease his land. Thus, having solved their financial difficulties. He is able to adapt to a new life, unlike the owners of the cherry orchard.

Yasha- a young footman. Having been abroad, he is no longer attracted by his Motherland, and even his mother, who is trying to meet with him, no longer needs him. His arrogance main feature... He does not respect the owners, he has no attachment to anyone.

Dunyasha- a young windy girl who lives one day and dreams of love.

Epikhodov- a clerk, he is a chronic loser, which he knows very well. In fact, his life is empty and aimless.

Firs- the oldest character for whom the abolition of serfdom became the greatest tragedy... He is sincerely attached to his masters. And his death in an empty house accompanied by the sound of a garden being cut down is very symbolic.

Charlotte Ivanovna- a governess and a circus performer rolled into one. The main reflection of the declared genre of the play.

The images of the heroes of The Cherry Orchard are combined into a system. They complement each other, thereby helping to reveal main theme works.

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V classical literature there are many interesting works, whose stories are relevant to this day.

The works written by Anton Pavlovich Chekhov just fit this characteristic... In this article, you can familiarize yourself with his play "The Cherry Orchard" in a summary.

The history of the creation of the play by A.P. Chekhov's "The Cherry Orchard"

The start date of the play was set in 1901, the first performance was shown 3 years later. The work reflects the unpleasant impressions of the author himself, which arose under the influence of observing the decline of many of his friends' estates, as well as his own.

Main characters

Below is a list of the main characters:

• Ranevskaya Lyubov Andreevna - owner of the estate;
• Anya is my own daughter;
• Gaev Leonid Andreevich - brother;
• Trofimov Pyotr Sergeevich - "eternal student";
• Lopakhin Ermolai Alekseevich - the buyer.

Minor characters

List of minor heroes:

• Varya is Ani's half-sister;
• Simeonov-Pischik - the owner of the estate;
• Charlotte is a teacher;
• Dunyasha is a servant;
• Epikhodov Semyon Panteleevich - clerk;
• Firs is a servant, an old man;
• Yasha is a servant, a young guy.

"Cherry Orchard" - action summary

1 action

Events are taking place in anticipation of Ranevskaya. Lopakhin and Dunya talk, during which a dispute arises. Epikhodov enters the room. He drops the bouquet, complaining to the others that he considers himself a failure, after which he leaves. The maid tells the merchant that Epikhodov wants to marry her.

Ranevskaya arrives with her daughters, Gaev, Charlotte and the landowner. Anya talks about her trip to France and expresses her displeasure. She also wonders if Lopakhin is going to marry Vara. To which her half-sister replies that nothing will work out, and in the near future the estate will be put up for sale. In parallel, Dunya flirts with a young footman.

Lopakhin announces that their estate is being sold for debt. He advocates the following solution to the problem: to divide the territory into parts and rent them out for rent. But for this you need to cut down the cherry orchard. The landowner and her brother refuse, referring to the mention of the garden in the encyclopedia. The adopted daughter brings telegrams from France to her mother, but she, without reading them, tears them apart.

Petya Trofimov appears - the mentor of the deceased son of Ranevskaya. Gaev continues to look for options for making a profit that would help cover debts. It comes to passing Anya off as a rich man. At that time, Varya tells her sister about her problems, but her younger sister falls asleep, tired of the journey.

2 action

The events take place in a field near the old chapel. Charlotte gives a description of her life.

Epikhodov sings songs, playing the guitar, trying to show himself as a romantic in front of Dunya. She, in turn, wants to impress the young lackey.

Landowners and a merchant appear. He also continues to reassure the landlord to lease the land. But Ranevskaya and her brother are trying to reduce the topic to "no". The landowner begins to talk about unnecessary expenses with pity.

Jacob makes fun of Gaev's chant. Ranevskaya remembers her men. The last of them ruined her and exchanged for another. After which the landowner decided to return home to her daughter. Changing the subject of Lopakhin, she talks about Varya's wedding.

An old footman with Gayev's outerwear enters. He talks about serfdom, presenting it as a misfortune. Trofimov appears and delves into deep philosophy and discussions about the future of the country. The landowner informs her adopted daughter that she has married her to a merchant.

At that time, Anya retires with Trofimov. He, in turn, romantically describes the situation around. Anya turns the conversation to the topic of serfdom and says that people only talk and do nothing. Then the "eternal student" tells Ana to drop everything and become a free person.

3 action

A ball was arranged in the landowner's house, which Ranevskaya considers unnecessary. Pischik is trying to find someone who will lend him money. Ranevskaya's brother went to buy the estate in the name of his aunt. Ranevskaya, seeing that Lopakhin is getting richer and richer, begins criticism because Varya has not yet married him. The daughter complains that he is only joking.

The landlord is shared with former teacher son that her lover asks her to return to France. Now the hostess no longer thinks about the fact that he ruined her. Trofimov tries to convince her, and she advises him to also have a woman on the side. The upset brother returns and begins a monologue that the estate was bought by Lopakhin.

The merchant boastfully tells everyone that he bought the estate and is ready to cut down the cherry orchard so that his family can continue to live in the place where his serfs father and grandfather worked. His own daughter consoles the crying mother, convincing her that her whole life is ahead.

4 action

Former residents are leaving the house. Lopakhin, tired of idleness, is going to leave for Kharkov.

He offers Trofimov money, but he does not accept it, arguing that soon people will reach an understanding of the truth. Gaev became a bank clerk.

Ranevskaya worries about the old lackey, fearing that he will not be sent for treatment.

Lopakhin and Varya are left alone. The heroine says that she has become a housekeeper. The merchant still did not offer her to marry him. Anya says goodbye to her mother. Ranevskaya plans to return to France. Anya is going to go to the gymnasium, and in the future to help her mother. Gaev feels abandoned.

Suddenly Pischik arrives and gives everyone the borrowed money. He recently became rich: white clay was found on his land, which he now rents. The landlords say goodbye to the garden. Then they lock the doors. Ailing Firs appears. The sound of an ax is heard in the silence.

Analysis of the work and conclusion

First of all, the style of this genre is observed in the bright contrast of the images of two heroes: Lopakhin and Ranevskaya. He is adventurous, looking for profit, but she is frivolous and windy. There are also funny situations. For example, Charlotte's performances, Gaev's communication with the closet, etc.

Reading this book in the original, in chapters and acts, and not in abbreviations, the question immediately arises: what does the cherry orchard mean for the characters of the play? For the landowners, the garden is a whole history of the past, while for Lopakhin it is the place on which his future will be built.

The problem of contrasts of relations at the turn of two centuries is raised in the work. There is also the issue of the legacy of serfdom and attitudes towards the consequences of different sectors of society. The question of how the future of the country will be built on the example of a local situation is touched upon. The question was raised that many are ready to reason and advise, but only a few are able to act.

Anton Pavlovich Chekhov noticed a lot of what was relevant at that time and remains important now, so everyone should read this lyric play. This work became the last in the writer's work.

A.P. Chekhov. "The Cherry Orchard". general characteristics plays. Analysis of the third act.

Chekhov brings everyday life to the stage - without effects, beautiful poses, unusual situations. He believed that in the theater everything should be as simple, and at the same time difficult, as it happens in life. In everyday life, he sees both beauty and significance. This explains the peculiar composition of his dramas, the simplicity of the plot, the calm development of the action, the absence of stage effects, the “undercurrent”.

The Cherry Orchard is the only play by Chekhov, at the heart of which one can see, albeit not quite clearly, a social conflict. The bourgeoisie is replacing the doomed nobility. Is this good or bad? This is an incorrect question, says Chekhov. It is a fact. “What came out of me was not a drama, but a comedy, sometimes even a farce,” Chekhov wrote. According to Belinsky, comedy reveals how real life deviated from the ideal. Wasn't that what Chekhov's task was in The Cherry Orchard? Life, beautiful in its possibilities, is poetic, like a blossoming cherry orchard - and the impotence of "idiots" who are not able to preserve this poetry, nor to break through to it, to see it.

The peculiarity of the genre is a lyrical comedy. The heroes are drawn by the author with a slight mockery, but without sarcasm, without hatred. Chekhov's heroes are already looking for their place, but they have not yet found it, all the stage time they are going somewhere. But they can never get together. Tragedy Chekhov's heroes- from being unrooted in the present, which they hate, which they are afraid of. Real life, real, seems to them alien, wrong. The way out of the anguish of everyday life (and the reason for it still lies in themselves, therefore there is no way out) they see in the future, in the life that should be, but which does not come in any way. And they don't do anything to make it happen.

One of the main motives of the play is time. It starts with a late train and ends with a late train. And the heroes do not feel that the time has changed. It entered the house, where (as it seems to Ranevskaya) nothing changes, and devastated, destroyed it. The heroes are behind the times.

The image of the garden in the play "The Cherry Orchard"

The composition of "The Cherry Orchard": Act 1 - the exposition, the arrival of Ranevskaya, the threat of losing the estate, the way out proposed by Lopakhin. Act 2 - senseless waiting for the owners of the garden, act 3 - sale of the garden, act 4 - departure of the previous owners, taking over of a new one, cutting down the garden. That is, Act 3 is the culmination of the play.

The garden must be sold. He is destined to die, Chekhov insists on this, no matter how he feels about it. Why this will happen is clearly shown in Acts 1 and 2. The objective of Act 3 is to show how.

The action takes place in the house, the remark introduces the viewer to the party, which was talked about in the 2nd act. Ranevskaya calls it a ball and very accurately defines that “we started the ball inappropriately” - from Petya's words, the viewer learns that it was at this time that the auction takes place, at which the fate of the estate is being decided. Therefore, the mood of this scene is a contrast between external well-being (dances, magic tricks, optional “ballroom” conversations) and the atmosphere of melancholy, bad foreboding and just about ready hysteria.

How does Chekhov create this atmosphere? The idiotic speeches of Simeonov-Pishchik, to which no one reacts, as if this is the way it should be, every now and then the owners of the house talk about their gloomy, as if they are not up to the guests.

When the ball that no one needs is exhausted, Gaev and Lopakhin appear with a message about the sale of the estate. Lopakhin's “performance” in a new role leaves a difficult, rather heavy impression, but the act ends on an optimistic note - Ani's remark to Ranevskaya: “Mom, you have a life left ...” There is a sense in this optimism - the most unbearable for the characters of the play (choice , the need to decide and take responsibility) behind.

What's new about the heroes in Act 3?

Ranevskaya.

It turns out that she is capable of not only enraging her impracticality, she is also not stupid. It seems that at this ball she woke up - sound remarks about the Yaroslavl grandmother, about what a cherry orchard is for her. In a conversation with Petya, she is even wise, she very accurately defines the essence of this person, and without prettiness and playing with herself she talks about herself and her life. Although, of course, she remains herself - she says truthful words to Petya in order to hurt someone else, because she herself is hurt. But in general, this is the peak of her reflection of life, already at the very beginning of act 4, she will continue to play as an actress who cares only about her own role and the whole play is not available. And now she accepts the news of the sale of the estate not courageously, but with dignity, without a game, her grief is genuine and therefore ugly: "She shrank all over and cries bitterly."

Gaev.

He is almost absent in this act, and we will not learn anything new about him. All he can say is: "How much I have suffered!" - in general, again "I". It is very simple to console him in grief - with the knock of billiard balls.

Lopakhin.

This is a surprise. Until now, we knew him as a good friend of this family, which did not deserve such a friend. He worried about saving the cherry orchard more than all these boobies put together. And the thought did not arise that he himself wanted to buy the garden, that for him this was not just another deal, but an act of the triumph of justice. Therefore, his honesty is now more expensive. We also did not know about him that he was able to get carried away, forget, rejoice to the point of madness, he was so even and calm until now. And what a "genetic" hatred in him for the former owners - not personally to Gaev and Ranevskaya, but to the class: "... Grandfather and father were slaves ... they were not even allowed into the kitchen ..." And he is also weak, because he thinks about life: “Would rather change somehow our awkward, unhappy life ...”, and what to think about - is not enough: “Let everything be as I wish!”

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