How to organize a museum in the office. How to open a museum from scratch: a business plan with calculations. What to choose to start: virtual or regular museum

To open a museum, it is necessary to make a decision on the main tasks, as well as when opening firms or other companies.

It is necessary to develop a concept that would stand out against the general background and be competitive, to find a permanent source of funds, to select the necessary premises, a location with high traffic, to hire professional and highly qualified personnel.

Private museums, as a rule, begin their existence from an interest in collecting. Then, when a sufficient number of objects have been accumulated in order to put them on display, the question arises of the definition of incentives, in the future, it is the incentive and motivation that will play a decisive role in museum policy. There are several options for museum policy:

Telling interested clients about your collection;
Search for a like-minded person;
Creation of a club of interested persons;
Monetary benefit, making a profit;

Private museums, as a rule, begin their existence from an interest in collecting.

Stage 2. Premises

The next step is the selection of premises. The nuance is that the premises should be purchased and become its owner. This will avoid possible “wanderings”, moving from one place to another, increasing the cost of rent and other difficulties.

You can also resort to finding sponsors who would agree to host a museum on their territory. Sponsors can be large enterprises and other institutions. Among other things, there is the possibility of obtaining premises in cultural institutions or from city or district authorities, which could offer premises on preferential terms. It is best to become the owner of the premises, and not to rent.

Stage 3. State

The staff of a small private museum should consist of at least 5 people. The second people after the owners are the main keepers. This person needs to have knowledge in the field of funds, he must cope with keeping records, have accurate information about the location of each of the items, and timely give the exhibits for restoration.

Often, these people also serve as curators at exhibitions and make decisions about putting this or that exhibit on public display.

We need to open a vacancy for an accounting officer and a cleaning employee. Also, sometimes you should resort to hiring:

Restorers;
Computer scientists (IT-specialists) to maintain the equipment used and update information on the museum's web portal in a timely manner;
Tour guides (a prerequisite is knowledge of a foreign language);

The minimum staff is 5 people.

Stage 4. Budget

If the museum operates using its own premises, the following costs will be included in the main monthly expenses:

Employee salaries;
Payment of utility bills;
Restoration costs;
Creation and subsequent maintenance of the Internet portal;
Printing services (printing of flyers, posters, brochures, brochures);

The costs associated with the acquisition of new exhibits cannot be calculated. However, it is worth considering that sometimes exhibits can go to a private museum for free: in this case, the donor is pleased to see his things at the disposal of the museum.

It is not safe to disseminate information about the value and monetary value of the collections that are stored in the museum. A person might think that the museum accepts gifts and resells them at an inflated price. In such cases, it is advisable to refuse to provide services for money.

The museum receives profit from the cost of visiting the exhibition, the cost of excursions, from charity, from offerings, and in a very rare case private museum can profit from a grant for a project. In order to make a good profit and reach payback, you can resort to renting out premises. The premises are suitable for renting them out for presentations or other special events.

To get the maximum profit from the maintenance of a private museum, you can rent out the premises.

Stage 5. Activity

In addition to the design of permanent exhibitions, you can start holding temporary joint exhibitions using your own fund or cooperating with numismatists, collectors, etc. You can also involve artists. This will be a good information occasion: the announcement of the exhibition will get on the poster in the media, which will lead to an increase in the flow of customers.

Examples of activities of various private museums:

The Museum of the History of Photography hosts expositions of both domestic and foreign photojournalists and photo artists;
The private puppet museum organizes expositions of private collectors;
Also, many museums hold solo evenings, lectures, drawings of performances;

Outcome:

Costs associated with the monthly maintenance of a private museum with its own premises - from 2,000 to 5,000 conventional units;

The cost does not include the purchase of the exhibit.

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Reviews (7)

A private museum is no longer such a rarity in our country. Although most entrepreneurs are still perplexed: how can you get an acceptable profit on organizing a museum? In fact, there is nothing fantastic about it. The main activity of a private museum is to present exhibits of a certain direction and attract visitors who, purely hypothetically, are willing to pay money to view this collection.

Quite a reasonable question: for what in this case will people agree to pay? And the success of the whole event depends on how correctly you will be able to solve the task assigned to you. The advantage in this matter belongs to active collectors who have been collecting some things for many years - coins, weapons, music records or even antiques. If the collection is rich enough, it may already be of interest to museum visitors. And if several collectors manage to unite, the value of the museum will increase significantly.

Such a hobby as collecting may well become the basis for a successful business. A variety of exhibits can be of interest to potential visitors to the museum, the main thing is to be able to serve it with the appropriate sauce. Items simply dumped in several heaps are unlikely to interest a person who accidentally came to you from the street. But competently and attractively designed stands and shelves will allow you to present your collection in the most favorable light.

Of course, the exhibits of the collection should be interesting to people. It can be watches made by masters of different eras, antique household items, dolls and much more. If your collection is not wide enough to make a full-fledged exposition, chat with like-minded people, light them up with your idea. But at the same time, remember: just the desire to create a museum will not be enough for you.

The first issue that you have to decide is related to finding a suitable location. It should be conveniently located and to some extent correspond to the image of your collection. To do this, you will need an appropriate design, made in the same style with the spirit of the exhibition, this will draw additional attention to your museum. In order to use the premises as a museum, you must obtain permission from the local authorities.

In order for the business to develop actively, you should carefully study all the subtleties and rules of its functioning. And a competent museum business plan, drawn up by professionals in their field, will provide you with invaluable assistance in this. After reading this document, you will understand how important it is to correctly assess factors such as the availability of stable funding sources, the level of competition, as well as the relevance of your idea. Don't forget about the state, as an experienced guide will help visitors to point out the most interesting items in the collection, which will increase the popularity of your private museum.

Museum business plan reviews (7)

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Museum business plan

Mukim Nazari

Mukim, thank you for your response. We are always happy when people try to create something not only for the sake of enrichment, but also for the benefit of other people. And the museum belongs to such projects. We hope that the business plan will help you organize this project. We wish you success.

Museum business plan

Magomed

locality

Mohammed, thank you for the detailed review! On the contrary, we are pleased to hear when our work helps not only develop business, but also initiatives like yours. We wish you success and further development!

Museum business plan

Alla

God, thank you for your feedback. We are glad that both business plans turned out to be useful for you and wish you successful negotiations with investors!

The site contains a business plan for the museum, which we recommend to draw the attention of thoughtful and serious people who would like to have a promising business. Yes, each museum is not just one exposition, it is a certain world that needs regular additions and updates. In this way, it will be possible to attract people here, to achieve their interest and recognition of the institution. And ultimately, the profitability of the project will depend on people.

If in doubt, study the finished document, which will show you the real prospects and relevance of this case. However, much here will depend on your imagination. What kind of museum will it be? Artistic or ethnographic, maritime or thematic, dedicated to clothes, dolls, utensils, coins? Or maybe your museum will offer places for a variety of expositions? It is worth thinking about this in advance.

When studying information on the opening of the museum, remember that at the first stage it is important to decide on the premises and the first exhibition. The room should be spacious enough to accommodate exhibits and visitors, bright, located in a crowded place, preferably in a separate building. Another nuance: the selection of guides who could captivate museum visitors with their story, interest them so that they would like to come back here again.

In stock Museum business plan 5 17

According to market experts, private museums, due to their characteristics, form a new format for collecting and increase the audience of those interested. Depending on the direction, museums of private owners increase the investment attractiveness of a particular collectible item/theme. Under the concept of private museum » Most often, there are projects that have their own or rented venues with an exposition that includes thematic private collections and access to which is open to everyone for a fee. According to statistics, over the past decade there has been a significant increase in private museums. At the forefront of the world positions are Europe, the USA and China. Private museums in Russia are actively cooperating with state programs, providing the latter with their expositions.

The reason for the increase in the number of private museums lies in the fact that private projects can be more flexible in decision-making and can create mobile collections, some of which can be purchased at auctions with a worldwide reputation.

We remind you that state museums are prohibited at the legislative level from participating in auctions held in the West. Another indisputable advantage of a private museum is its right to sell part of its collection. At the same time, state museums are prohibited from selling even part of their assets. Private museums can quickly respond to fashion trends, sell old collections and purchase newer and more relevant ones for visitors. This right allows private projects to update their expositions in time and attract more clients.

Market features

Private museums essentially form the collections market themselves and monopolize the pricing process in certain niches. By attracting clients, showing certain expositions, private museums create demand and new elements of the target audience who are ready to buy the items they like. Museums-trendsetters (eng. Trendsetter; from English. Trend - a trend, to set - to establish, start) become not only active participants in auctions, but also their founders and the main driving force.

Auctions are very profitable such cooperation - they come great amount not just interested parties, but entire institutions with developed potential and investment opportunities. In addition, it is worth emphasizing that participation in auctions is marked not only by excitement, but also by high cultural level and the scale of fees. The art market of the world is constantly updated with the emergence of new and diverse private museums. Experts say that the development of private museum business in Russia will follow the Western scenario and will eventually be able to strengthen and create its own distinctive features. So, basically, a private museum collects a board of trustees (investors), which eventually unite into a fairly large resource. The current legislation strongly encourages this scenario.

Federal law on the export and import of cultural property ( No. 435 “On Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of the Russian Federation in Connection with the Improvement government controlled in the field of export and import of cultural property and archives” and No. 430 "On Amendments to Part Two of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation" ) dated December 28, 2017, says that there are benefits that can only be used by state and municipal institutions culture.

This law also applies to non-state museums ( paragraph 2 of Art. 333–34 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation ).

In addition, objects of cultural value that were purchased or donated to private galleries will not be subject to VAT (paragraph 3 of Article 333-35 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation), and private museums, according to the decree of the President of the Russian Federation, are exempt from paying state duty on the right temporary export, which gives them the opportunity to participate in international projects.

Director of the Hermitage, head of the Union of Museums of Russia Mikhail Piotrovsky, notes that private collections are often very professional and distinguish them favorably from academic classical museums, reflecting the individuality of their creator.

He also notes that " Museum in our understanding is an institution that has funds. If there are no funds, this is a gallery ... ". The specialist also talks about the current trend in Russia towards the creation of a single museum zone, in which today three main types of museums are noted - these are state, private and public. There is healthy competition in this space. Mikhail Piotrovsky names leisure and entertainment complexes among the direct competitors of private museums. Among the important components of success, the expert calls the need to declare exhibits, preserve the country's museum fund, and ensure the integrity of collections. In addition, the funds earned by the museum should be spent on its immediate needs, and not deducted in favor of the state while reducing subsidies for the cultural heritage of the nation.

The specialist emphasizes that modern museums in Russia need a special concept that will distinguish them from leisure activities and the service sector.

Michael is convinced that our mission is to preserve, study and pass on everything we have received from previous generations. This is the main thing, not entertainment ...". Art is a kind of therapy, and it should be offered by knowledgeable educated people. Among the best private museums in Russia, he names the Metropolitan Museum and emphasizes that it perfectly combines the mission of the museum and its dialogue with urban space and visitors.

State museums, unlike private ones, can take advantage of a number of tax incentives and receive some support from the state.

At the same time, private projects do not have to draw up such a document as an agreement on the immunity of their paintings from arrests imposed by legal claims. The specialist notes that a similar problem is observed in the organization of exhibitions in the United States, whose representatives, nevertheless, can freely bring their expositions for demonstration in Russian cities.

The best way to develop the industry will be the close cooperation of private and state museums- thus, a single museum space will have the opportunity and potential for expansion and diversity.

It could be:

Publication of literature on art history topics.
Exchange of experience of curators.
Development of the infrastructure of small towns and even villages.

What information should a business plan contain?

Summary of business plan for opening a museum from scratch

This project is a plan to create a private enterprise to organize a museum in 24 months. First of all, we will list the key points of the process of creating a business plan for starting a private museum business plan from scratch.

First of all, the Idea of the project arises, and the Goals of the project, such as:

Building an enterprise with high .
in a legal way, indicating the legal address, passport data of the head and founder of the project, data on employees.
Satisfying consumer demand to fill a niche in the art market in Russia.
Search and conclusion of contracts with investors.
Project cost: 3,690,000 rubles.
Financing of the project: It is carried out by obtaining a commercial loan in the amount of 3,690,000 rubles.
Payback period: 2 years.
The investor's income will be 237,385.22 rubles.
Interest payments on the loan start from the first month of the implementation of this project.
The repayment of borrowed funds starts from the first month of the project implementation. This circumstance is introduced in this business plan to simplify the understanding of the structure for calculating the discounting flow and regulating the cash flow.
The mortgaged interest rate on borrowed funds is 14%. It should be borne in mind that banks are currently revising the rate of interest for investment projects downward.
The total amount of accrued interest will be 237,385.22 rubles.
The payback period from the beginning of the project is 8 months.
The payback period, taking into account discounting, is 2 years.
The total economic effect from the project implementation for the conditional life cycle is 73,783,840.85 rubles.

Project stages

Project stages	Execution conditions	Deadlines
Project start		1.5-2 years
Conclusion of an investment agreement	1 month project	1 -30 banking days
Getting a loan	Availability corresponding package of documents	30 calendar days
Entering into the state register, registration with administrative and tax authorities	Conclusion investment agreements	30 calendar days
Location selection and documentation	preliminary	30 calendar days
Purchase of exposition items (conclusion of contracts for the exposition)	preliminary	30 calendar days
Purchase of equipment	Conclusion investment agreements	1-30 calendar days
Equipment installation	Receipt investment	1-30 calendar days
Hiring	Production activity	1-30 calendar days
Training	End of the stage of organization of the production process	1-30 calendar days
Carrying out a marketing campaign	360 calendar days	1-360 calendar days
End of the project		12 months - 24 months

Algorithms of action prescribed in the business plan

The business plan contains the following algorithms of actions for starting a business:

Ways and methods of analyzing the target audience, drawing up a portrait of the ideal client, his level of solvency.
Registration of business in state supervisory and tax authorities.
Hiring qualified employees who are able to fulfill the wishes of the client and be ready to work. Another item of expenditure is the hiring of employees. Specialists will fill vacant positions on a competitive basis, being employees of a general, service and temporary nature with decent competitive pay. Candidates for positions will be considered within 30 calendar days.
Services provided by the enterprise.
Choice of business format.

Museum business plan: step by step guide

In private collections, exhibits collected from private collections are most often shown. According to the Association of Private Museums, many private museums have grown into serious organizations from the combined collections that were part of the expositions of various large projects. Sometimes the premises are required for interactive museums to attract more visitors and monetary returns.

According to current legislation Russian Federation, it is necessary to register the museum as a form of private property, and pay a single tax on activities. The main advantage of this type of entrepreneurial activity is the fact that the purchase and registration of a license is not required to open a museum.

Entrance to a private museum can be voluntary, but it is worth setting a lower limit of, for example, 50 rubles. The sale of souvenir and information products on electronic media is also taxed.

Additional profit can be obtained by renting out the museum premises for excursions, master classes and entertainment events. Expensive rent will pay off only if there are a lot of visitors and they come constantly, therefore, in order to open a private museum in your city, you must also enlist the support of travel agencies and tour operators - a visit to your project included in a ready-made tour in the cities of the Russian Federation for foreign tourists or residents of our country, will bring income to both the travel agency and your museum.

The main difference between a private museum and a state one is ownership rights and the presence of a charter. A cultural institution that has a documented museum fund and a plan for further development can formally be considered a state cultural institution. The advantage of this kind of activity is the ability to put your institution on the balance sheet of the municipality, city.

If the museum institution is completely private, then the owner will have to bear all the costs himself. You can register both an individual and a company. There is no need to report to the departments, and all the exhibits are in private collections, in other words, belong to the owners. At the same time, some exhibits can be shown at thematic events (for example, the “Museum of Little Stories” and “Drum House”) sometimes the space itself becomes a museum - such as the White Tower in Yekaterinburg.

Today, during the change of generations, private museums and unusual spaces will become interesting for different age categories and citizens with different levels of income. A modern museum is an interactive platform, a kind of creative laboratory that does not require silence and stiffness. A museum for today's client is a space in which you can take an active part: touch the exhibits, try them on, take pictures with them. A good return is shown to the museum, where you can taste certain original dishes, watch educational videos.

The relevance of opening a museum business plan

A museum opened by private collectors has every chance of becoming a brand of its city, region, country. Those private projects become part of the image of the urban space. Another difference between such projects and large state institutions is emotionality, closeness to visitors, dialogue with them.

In order for a private museum to generate a stable income, a clear planning structure for a future project is needed. The practice of existing museums shows that cheap tickets and an extensive entertainment program attract more visitors.

Advantages and disadvantages of business at the opening of the museum

Expensive room rental. To solve this gap, there are several ways. Sublease. So, some private museums rent out their space for 7,000 rubles per hour for burgers and other catering establishments. Any other interested company can hold a promotional action in the museum. Additional income, which will cover the cost of renting the premises, may also bring the rent of the museum premises for commercial event projects. The proceeds from lecture/concert tickets are usually split 50/50 between the organizers and participants of the event.
The profit of the museum is directly curled from the income of the target audience and the interest rate on rent, which can be legally reduced. Selling tickets shows great returns in the very premises of the museum. About 3% of visitors buy electronic tickets and a little more than 5% of the total profit comes from the organization of corporate parties, festivals and the sale of souvenirs. Most often, souvenirs are sold at cost and are produced/purchased to support the brand of the museum.
Before opening a museum in a particular city of the Russian Federation, it is necessary to carefully monitor the income of citizens - for example, if in the capital the price for entering a private museum can vary from 300 to 1500 rubles, then, for example, in Kazan, the population simply does not have such income to attend an expensive event, no matter how interesting it may be.
Each private museum can receive a grant from the state if it proves the viability and relevance of the project.

Modern private museums are most often self-financing, as according to the budget code, the city authorities have the right to allocate grants only for projects that are under their jurisdiction. The city authorities of many regions of the Russian Federation note that recently the tendency for the appearance of mini-private museums has increased significantly. Mayors of cities are ready to support private projects, subject to the provision of owners complete information about the functioning and development of start-ups and confirm their usefulness for the city.

If a private museum project belongs to a municipality, the authorities will assist in finding a safe and cheap place to rent, or help reduce interest rates on rent and utilities. The remaining projects will be supported by advertising and other means.

The process of including a private project in the museum fund may not be necessary if the project does not have artifacts. The most popular among the population today are the so-called "research centers". At the same time, the owners of private collections argue that the supply to the state register only complicates the conduct of private cultural museum activities, imposes a number of restrictions, but at the same time does not protect against negative factors arising in the country's economy.

A private museum without state registration can show a higher coefficient of mobility. A private cultural institution has the right to draw up its own action plan, which does not have to be coordinated and approved by representatives of the Ministry of Culture. The experts emphasize that small private museums can quickly respond to any significant cultural event that has taken place in the city and can quickly and efficiently make their proposals.

Services that a private museum can provide

Demonstration of expositions, both on the basis of a permanent nature, and mobile.
Organization and holding of cultural events for citizens.
Production and sale of photo and video materials dedicated to museum events and expositions.
Realization of gifts and memorable souvenirs.

The modern museum is distinguished by interactivity and the ability to dialogue with the viewer.

Estimated period of services provided by the museum business plan of the museum

Period	Name of the type of service	Sales volume per month (unit)	Price	Sales proceeds (thousand rubles)
1-12 month investment	Entrance fee	From 300 to 3,000 people	From 300 r.	From 90,000 to 900,000 rubles.
1-12 month investment	Collection of expositions, units	From 1 unit	From 10 000 rubles	From 10 000 rubles
1-12 month investment	Holding cultural- massive events,	From 12 units	From 30 000 rubles.	From 360 000 rubles.
1-12 month investment	Production and distribution of video cassettes, CD-R, DVD, souvenirs, units.	From 100,000 units	From 300 r.	From 30,000,000 rubles
13-24 months of operation	Entrance fee	From 330 to 3300 people	From 350 rubles	From 115,500 to 1,155,000 rubles.
	Collection of expositions	From 2 units	From 12 000 rubles.	From 24 000 rubles.
13-24 month functioning	Holding cultural- mass events	From 13 units	From 35000 rubles	From 455000 rubles
13-24 months of operation	Production and distribution of video cassettes, CD-R, DVD, souvenirs	From 110,000 units	From 350 rubles	From 3 8500 000 rubles.

In order to fully implement the museum project, it is necessary

Take out a loan in the amount of at least 3,690,000 rubles for 24 billing months with a discount rate of 14%.
Entering the break-even level of the enterprise will begin from the 4th billing month. During this period, the first amount of profit with the correct calculations of the entrepreneur will be 607,041.87 rubles.
At the end of the crediting period, the amount of profit will be 6,237,730.
rub. In this case, the bank's profit will amount to 237,385.22 rubles. for 24 billing periods. Monthly payments of expenses amounted to 516,770 rubles.
The total gross profit of the project was: 112,574,000 rubles. The profit of the project was: 73,783,840.85 rubles.

Project costs (in rubles)

Name of the item of expenditure	Price
Name of the item of expenditure	Quantity, pcs)	per month	in year	One-time	Total expenses in
Purchase (rent) of a building, premises	From 100	62 500	750 000	125 000	125 000
Purchase of equipment	10			508 820	508 820
Acquisition of exhibit items	From 100			1 700 000	1 700 000
Purchase of computer equipment	1			100 000	100 000
Website, hosting, purchase of necessary scripts,	1			250 000	250 000
Fixed advertising costs, including on the Internet	12	100 000	1 200 000	200 000	1 200 000
Salary	12	354 270	4 251 240		4 251 240
including taxes	12	113 270	1 359 240		1 359 240
Unexpected expenses				288 380	288 380
Total:		516 770	6 201 240	3 172 200	8 423 440

Advantages and disadvantages of opening a museum business plan project

The main advantage is that no licensing documentation is needed to carry out activities. Agreements and permits are needed when drawing up a lease agreement and will relate to the general requirements that are usually presented by the sanitation station and Roskomnadzor. WITH complete list such documentation can be found below.
A small private project is quite capable of doing without staff.
Owning rare objects by a startup will increase attendance, and if the project owner can afford to purchase high-quality equipment and provide the proper modern level of interactivity, then an influx of customers on weekends and during the holiday season is guaranteed.

On the video: Useful tips for novice businessmen from museum business owners

What you should pay attention to

Rent of premises and its price, condition of structures.
Business seasonality.
Skills and abilities that will help in compiling a collection and providing the technological base of a cultural institution.
The concept of establishments is the spectrum of emotions that you want to give to your customers. So, it can be spicy entertainment for a certain circle of people - a museum of torture or erotica, or expositions for a wider range of admirers, including teenagers and young children.
The concept of the museum can be the simplest - for example, businessman A. Sergienko nurtured the idea of the project for about a year, implemented it in a matter of months. The museum's website says that the institution has seven rooms, each of which is dedicated to a certain emotion. Installations, art objects, sound and video tracks are selected in such a way as to lead a person through certain emotional states that we most often experience or, on the contrary, lack them in Everyday life. For this, the author of the project had 200 square meters. meters.

In tourist centers, breaking even is usually easier and faster. Tourists will be able to find your museum faster if you mark it on Google maps, hire competent SEOs to develop the site and, if possible, appear in guidebooks and maps.

Documentation for opening a museum

Choice museum concept business plan

Usually, in order to open a museum, you need:

Having your own apartment (if you are ready to open doors to numerous strangers).
Separate premises owned or rented.
Land in the open air.
The actual elements of the exposure that you are going to demonstrate.

You can open a mix museum or a mono-museum, in other words, united by one theme or dedicated to many topics that do not contradict one another.

A good return, according to experts, is given by the eclecticism of entertainment and educational components. The museum program may include a demonstration of the show, ordering color music, video materials, presentations. The owner of the museum must also take care of the timely replenishment of the collection.

Most often, private museums work in the direction of painting and art treasures - customers can purchase the works they like. This includes galleries, passages that showcase paintings, photographs and installations. Additional fees for photo and video filming will also bring a net income to the museum.

What to choose to start: a virtual or a regular museum?

Parameter	Virtual Museum	regular museum
Creation cost	From several hundred thousand dollars	From several million dollars
Terms of museum creation, months	From several months	From several years
Number of museum visitors per day	Several hundred to several thousand visitors	From several tens to several hundreds of visitors
Number of museum visitors per year	Several hundred thousand to several million visitors	From several tens of thousands to several hundred thousand
Geography and coverage visitors	From any country in the world	Basically from this locality
Museum area, sq.m.	From several square meters	From several hundred square meters
Museum payback period, months	Several months	Some years
Advertising opportunities of the museum	Live update at any time	Updating ads takes time
Location	In any country, in any city	Economically feasible only in the capitals of countries, or in large cities
Language support museum visitors	The number of supported languages is unlimited	As a rule, no more than 6-7 languages
Number of museum exhibits	Not limited	No more than a few thousand
Efficiency in learning new museum exhibits	Anytime	There are restrictions
Issuance of a building permit	Not required	Required
Renovation of the museum exposition	Anytime	As a rule, according to a pre-arranged plan and traffic
Museum opening hours	24 hours a day, no lunch break, no weekends or holidays	Limited hours of work, with breaks
Museum staff	May reside in any country in the world	Live in the village where the museum is located
Remote work in the museum	Possible and welcome	Extremely limited
Museum fame	World fame	Limited
Museum promotion costs	The virtual museum, in itself, is already an advertisement	Promotion costs required
Legal formalities of creating a museum	Minimum	Requires time, effort, knowledge and money
Export of museum exhibits abroad for demonstration	No restrictions
Re-registration of ownership of the museum	Minimum formalities	Formalities required
The cost of creating a branch of the museum	no cost and no investment required	Compliance with formalities and financial investments is required
Prospects for the development of the museum	Unlimited	Depend on many indicators and have a number of limitations

How to open a private museum business plan in your city

In order to launch a museum project in your region, you need to marketing research and monitor the activities of its direct and indirect competitors

Registration of an enterprise can be carried out in the form of an LLC, an individual entrepreneur or a non-profit association. A non-profit association is chosen by those businessmen who subsequently want to achieve the acquisition of a national cultural status and receive financial support from the state in the form of subsidies. Coordination with the Ministry of Culture is mandatory if the exposition will involve archaeological finds and exhibits of great material value. The premises are rented for their intended purpose, the lease of a land plot is necessary for a period of 20 years or more, therefore, to organize such a museum format, it is better to purchase a land plot in permanent ownership.

In order to save money, closed exhibitions are sometimes organized at production sites that can no longer be used for production (these are the territories of factories, workshops, etc.), but you should take care of the safety of customers.

Additional expenses

Purchase and installation of fire and security systems.
Glass or plexiglass shelving.
Showcases.
fasteners.
Furniture for the convenience of customers (sofas, tables, chairs, armchairs).
Quality lighting.
Microclimate and ventilation system.
If you plan to open an interactive exhibition, you will need expensive equipment.
The items of expenditure will include the purchase of screens, audio systems, computer panels and much more.

Main taxes paid

Additional income for an entrepreneur can be brought by the launch of catering at the museum - for example, the project "Apartment of Time" offers not only a visit to the exposition - an apartment completely stylized for a certain Soviet period, but also to taste dishes that are fully consistent with the era and prepared in accordance with technological maps of that time, in other words, the chefs of the museum-restaurant use information from the Book of Tasty and Healthy Food, which was published in 1952.

You can spend a romantic evening, a wedding, a corporate party or a birthday in the museum. It is also good to focus museums on the connection of generations and the strengthening of family values. For example, the Museum of Soviet slot machines- children of 2000 are used to playing on smartphones, tablets and other gadgets, and when they see the excitement of their parents, they begin to understand that their parents are not as backward and retarded as some children sometimes think. At the same time, not all teenagers can understand the rather simple mechanics of Soviet-era machine guns, and here parents already have to explain to their children the intricacies of control.

“The creation of a museum is necessary so that the younger generation is given the opportunity to form a purpose in life, ethical images of the present and future, and the ability of high-quality scientific and engineering thinking”, - noted the authors of the concept of the museum dedicated to the life and work of the Strugatsky brothers.

In order for both staff and visitors to feel comfortable, the owner of a private museum needs to take care of the interior and exterior decoration of the premises. The design should not only meet the basic safety requirements, but also be interesting to customers - as topics. Who came as part of an excursion group, and when visiting independently.

According to preliminary estimates of experts, the format of the museum in the form of a scientific and entertainment center also satisfies the population's need for educational and entertainment services. In such centers, the client can participate in experiments, observe rare phenomena, or even conduct a series of experiments on his own.

This format of the museum has two features.

Firstly, most often the exhibits are made by hand, and this incurs additional serious costs, and secondly, it is necessary to find a reliable investor and a favorable location.

In order to choose an effective, profitable and capable of living and developing further the concept of the museum, it is necessary to first analyze the fullness of the market of a particular region of the Russian Federation.

Components of marketing research

Analysis of the problems of the target audience and the study of its composition
Determining the composition of the future exposition and the format of the exhibits, their size, color, shape, performance material, the quantitative composition of the placement of exhibits in a particular territory.
Exposition interior design.
The owner of the museum will receive additional income from the creation of a separate area for master classes for children/teenagers.

Staff

It is better if they are people with work experience, or young professionals - teachers, guides and animators. Some museums are aimed at career guidance, and this should also be taken into account when selecting staff. Employees in the regular mode must be registered in accordance with all legal norms, however, at the start of the project, volunteers can be hired who will gain experience for a small fee and without issuing work books.

Creative people approach entrepreneurship outside the box, turning a hobby into a business. Museum opening: features, profitability, business plan for the implementation of the original project with the calculation of return on investment.

The museum is often associated with historical and monumental areas - local history, art, military. In fact, absolutely any thing can be exhibits, the main thing is that the interest of the general public should be present. Often the idea to organize a museum as a business comes to the head of an accomplished collector, and then it remains to solve administrative issues.

Pros and cons

Before proceeding with the implementation of the idea, it is necessary to evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of the project to open an exhibition hall:

№	*pros*	*Minuses*
1	The activity is not licensed, special permissions and approvals are not needed.	Expensive good location. If the place is rented, then there is a risk of terminating the contract and moving the collection, you will have to start all over again.
2	The entrepreneur is able to do all the work himself. Extensive staffing is required only in large museums.	Business usually has a seasonality and a shift in the bulk of visits towards weekends.
3	If a novice businessman has rare and unusual objects, then this increases the likelihood of successful development of the business.	To adequately assess the significance of the collection, it is necessary to have special knowledge and skills.

When implementing a business idea, you need to pay attention to critical points. For example, to schedule the museum so that people have the opportunity to visit the institution on Saturday and Sunday, as well as in the late evening hours.

Instructions for action

If we are not talking about the “museum at home” format, then first you need a business plan with calculations of basic indicators both for the ideological inspirer of the project and for attracting investors from outside:

Enterprise concept.
Registration with state bodies.
Room selection.
Repair and equipment.
Staff.
Advertising.
Financial calculations.

The steps are standard for the development of any business, but everywhere has its own characteristics.

Concept

In the museum business, it is important to decide on the format and theme of the institution. People's tastes are changing rapidly, so universal and enduring values are chosen, or, conversely, something outrageous. For example, a lot of thrill-seekers go to the museum of erotica or instruments of torture.

It is easier in cities with an initial tourist orientation - people come to rest, try to get new impressions and broaden their horizons. Such a contingent will come to the museum on its own, the task of the owners is to clearly indicate their presence on maps, reference books, and guidebooks. A lot of effort goes into attracting an audience and creating a place of pilgrimage to an ordinary, unremarkable destination.

Museums are usually of 2 types:

in room;
in the open air.

There are also mono-museums and a mix of different themes united under one roof.

A good solution would be to combine entertainment and educational functions, for example, as it is done in the Darwin Museum, with elements of the show program, color music, demonstration of film materials. Another niche in business is focusing on a narrow range of interests of a large audience.

This path was chosen by the museum of UFOs, boxing, retro cars. Fans in these areas number in the thousands, with constant updating of the exhibits, a stable flow of customers is ensured.

The artistic orientation is considered traditional - galleries and passages with paintings, photographs, installations. Visitors must be given the opportunity to purchase their favorite works.

Any private museum, created not for pure art, but for financial gain, receives a significant part of its income from the sale of additional services, the sale of original exhibits or copies. Often a fee is charged for permission to film and photograph on the exhibition grounds.

Before you open your museum, it is important to make sure that a similar institution does not operate in the city and its environs. Otherwise, the idea is doomed to failure - visitors will go to a well-known and popular place. Even if you make the most of advertising tools, pulling off an already small audience from competitors will be too expensive and unprofitable.

registration

After the main direction of activity is chosen, it is necessary to formalize the business. You can register a museum in 2 ways:

Private enterprise in the form of LLC or IP.
Non-profit association.

In the second case, the focus is not on making a profit, but on acquiring a national and cultural status, with support from the state and subsidized activities.

If the theme of the exhibition concerns archaeological finds and valuable exhibits, then it is necessary to obtain approval from the Ministry of Culture. Otherwise, no special permits or licenses are required.

room

The territory for placing exhibits is selected for the intended purpose. If an open-air museum is planned, then a land plot with a lease term of more than 20 years or acquired as a property is required.

Any room is suitable for a closed exhibition. The organizers specifically choose abandoned production areas to save money and for the sake of a large space. Small expositions are placed in halls with a small quadrature. Since it is assumed that several people are present in the room at the same time, a minimum of 40 square meters is calculated. m.

Basic requirements for the premises:

separate location;
entrance for transport and parking place;
installation of a fire and security alarm system;
availability of communication systems.

It all depends on the specific type of collection and the form of project implementation. Lease payments will be included in the fixed costs of the business, so it is better to find a profitable option in advance. If it is known in advance that the exposition will be open for several months of the year, then it is beneficial to conclude an agreement only for this period.

When renting premises, there is a risk of termination of the contract. Since location stability is a key factor in museum activities, the best way out is to invest in the acquisition of real estate.

Repair and equipment

The design of the premises is carried out in accordance with the general idea of the project. In some cases, repairs are not carried out. For example, in an open-air museum, a site is fenced off, and exhibits are placed on the territory according to a developed plan. A traditional showroom may need a themed design that needs to be remodeled, restored or intricately refurbished.

Usually the museum needs to install:

Fire and security alarms.
Shelving structures.
Showcases.
Fixing systems for walls, floors, ceilings.
Furniture for visitors.

Most often, exhibitions are held indoors, so it is necessary to take care of high-quality lighting in the halls and equip exhibits with additional lighting.

If an interactive model of the functioning of the museum is envisaged, then screens, a stereo system, and computer panels will be required. To prevent damage to the collection, the exhibits are protected from direct contact with people. But most visitors are attracted by the opportunity to touch interesting things, so it makes sense to allocate a zone where some of the objects are allowed to be viewed close up.

The museum needs a department to provide additional services - the sale of goods and souvenirs, a photo platform, holding master classes. It is necessary to allocate a small area for the needs of staff, administration and sanitation.

Staff

A large number of employees are involved in large-scale museum projects:

tour guides;
collection specialists;
managers;
show organizers;
auxiliary workers;
guards;
accountant.

The owner can organize and present a modest exhibition on his own, attracting third-party organizations for individual needs - advertising, security, record keeping.

The staff is better to recruit specialists with experience in the museum field. Private business attracts employees from public institutions with higher salaries and a variety of activity formats. Therefore, with sufficient funding, it will not be difficult to hire qualified personnel.

Here you can download for free as a sample.

The initial stage of launching a project to open your own museum will not do without advertising costs. If the target audience is clearly defined and not numerous, then it is enough to create a high-quality optimized website, pay for the first places in search results and post information on thematic forums.

In a situation where the museum was conceived for a wide range of visitors, it is necessary to act on a larger scale:

Cooperation with educational institutions and municipal authorities.
Installation of signs and information boards in crowded places.
Internet advertising.
Announcements in the media.
Representation of interests at thematic conferences and exhibitions.
Conclusion of agreements on mutually beneficial work with competitors - domestic and foreign.

A traditional museum housed in a large room can provide halls for exhibitions of exhibits from other areas, thereby expanding the audience, which at the same time will get acquainted with the main collection.

Museums conduct educational, entertaining and educational activities. The more active excursions, lectures, master classes are organized, the more famous the institution gets and the flow of visitors increases.

Video: how to open a private museum in Russia.

Financial calculations

To determine the amount of investment and the profitability of the museum, it is necessary to have information about the traffic, seasonality, and ticket prices. For example, for the opening of an exhibition of weapons in a closed room of 50 sq. m. will need to invest (subject to ownership of the collection and the building):

If the acquisition of premises and exhibits is included in the number of expenses, then the cost of launching a project increases by 3-10 times. The collection may be wholly owned by the entrepreneur, or some of the items may be borrowed elsewhere - there are many nuances regarding the formation and evaluation of the exhibition.

Fixed monthly costs include:

Communal expenses;
salary;
taxes;
advertising;
administrative.

With the passage of time and the growth of the museum's popularity, marketing costs will decrease to a minimum, although the activity to attract visitors cannot be completely stopped. The average monthly business costs are 250,000 rubles.

Visiting exhibitions costs Russians at least 50 rubles, the average cost is 300 rubles. Pricing is based on the group nature of museum trips - families, school classes, tourist groups. The ticket price is over 500 rubles. is unaffordable, therefore, such prices are set by establishments focused on a financially secure narrow category of customers.

With a work schedule with 2 days off a week, during the period of maximum activity, the museum receives up to 50 people daily. Monthly income is 330,000 rubles, profit - 80,000 rubles, profitability - 24%. However, such indicators are achieved within a few months, the rest of the time the revenue barely covers the costs. With a successful combination of circumstances, investments in the project pay off in 2 years.

According to entrepreneurs who opened a private museum, this business is very specific. Even with large investments and correct calculations, it is easy to fail - the demand for museum valuables is almost impossible to predict.

As one of the ways of income from the category "for the soul" can be called organizing your own museum and on a variety of topics.

Let us immediately state that a private museum can become a commercial project only under certain conditions:

1. Unique unhackneyed theme;

2. Location in tourist areas; The most profitable are private museums in places of recreation for tourists; For example, in small villages on the Black Sea coast. This is explained by the fact that tourists are attracted to these places by the opportunity to relax on the sea, but since the villages are small, the entertainment package for tourists is usually very modest. In fact, only on vacation are people ready to fully enjoy every minute and, accordingly, spend a lot of money on leisure; One disadvantage of this orientation of a private museum is seasonality.

3. The museum must be part of another commercial project; For example, you are engaged in some kind of craft, making unusual souvenirs. In this case, you can organize a museum of your work, combined with a craft store. Or you are the owner of a guest house on the sea coast. In order to attract guests to yourself and provide them with quality leisure, you can completely organize an original museum on the territory of your hotel. There can be many variations. The accompanying income part of the museum, in addition to paying for visits, may be charging for photos with exhibits.

4. You can make the museum a part of a commercial excursion program and collect payment from the organizers of the excursion route.

5. On certain days (eg Friday, Saturday and Sunday) it is possible to arrange spectacular thematic performances (on your own or with guest actors). For example, a museum of medieval weapons and armor can organize impromptu jousting tournaments, etc. In a museum of ancient musical instruments you can play the hurdy-gurdy with a parrot on your shoulder before the visitors leave, collecting "donations". You can actively involve visitors in performances.

6. To attract visitors, it is imperative to create his online business card, otherwise no one will simply know about him, and residents at his location are unlikely to visit him regularly. The fact is that a museum is a specific entertainment facility, which is quite enough to visit only once, in some cases once a year. Thus, in order to receive income from museum activities, museum owners must take care of a constant influx of new visitors.

7. Ideally, to start such a project, you already own a suitable premises, since the business is not stable, and the rent will need to be paid constantly.

Ideas for organizing private museums:

1. Fairy tale characters;

2. Museum of Folk Crafts;

3. Thematic museum of some era or people;

4. Product Museum: Museum of chocolate, handmade soap, etc.

5. Museum with exhibits made of unusual materials (ice sculptures, wax museum, etc.)

6. Museum of inventions and technical innovations;

7. Museum of private collections (paintings, records, bells, shells, etc.)

If you seriously intend to engage in this business, your activities should be registered in the appropriate organizational and legal form.

Suitable for registration of museum activities OKVED code 92.52"Museum Activities and the Protection of Historic Sites and Buildings".

The most optimal system of taxation for conducting museum activities would be simplified taxation system at a rate of 6% on income.

In order to start applying it, you must submit an application for the application of a simplified taxation system when registering with the tax authorities.

In addition to ensuring a minimum tax burden, the simplified taxation system is also attractive due to the absence of the obligation to maintain accounting records and submit accounting reports on time (no need to draw up a balance sheet, income statement, etc.).

Moreover, museum activities are classified as privileged activities for application reduced rates of insurance premiums in PFR, MHIF and FSS (not 34% as for other organizations, but 26%).

Reduced rates of insurance premiums for the period 2011-2012 as part of:

PFR - 18%,
FFOMS - 3.1%,
TFOMS-2.0%,
FSS - 2.9%.

We remind you that insurance premiums are calculated from the salaries of the museum staff.

The main conditions: the use of the simplified tax system, income from museum activities must be more than 70%.