Sections: Literature
Epigraph to the lesson:
2. "... Kryakhti is yes ... and you will prevent you - shivering .."
Equipment lesson:on the board, a portrait of A.I. Solzhenitsyn, projector, screen, presentation (Appendix 1).
The purpose of the lesson:
1. Analyze the story A.I. Solzhenitsyn.
2. To bring students to the thought of the possibility and even the need to preserve human dignity in any conditions.
3. To show the connection of Solzhenitsyn's leadership with the traditions of Russian classical literature.
During the classes
1. The introductory word of the teacher.(from Lydia Chukovskaya article)
There are fate, as if deliberately conceived and set on the stage of the history of some kind of ingenious director. In them, everything is dramatically tense and everything is dictated by the history of the country, takeoffs and the falls of its people.
One of these fate is definitely the fate of Solzhenitsyn. Life and literary.
Life is known. She coincides with the fate of millions. In peacetime - a student, in the military - soldiers and commander of the victorious army, and then, with a new progress of Stalinist repression, is a prisoner.
Monstrous and - alas! - usually. The fate of millions.
1953 year. Stalin died.
His death herself did not resurrect the country yet. But here, in 1956, Khrushchev, from the Tribunes of the party congress, exposes Stalin as a executioner and a killer. In 1962 - Mausoleum is removed from his dust. Improving, carefully raised the veil over the corpses innocently tortured and the secrets of the Stalinist regime are opened.
And here the writer comes to the historical scene. The story instructs Solzhenitsyn, yesterday's lap, to tell the whole voice about what was experienced by him and his comrades.
So the country found out the history of Ivan Shukhov - a simple Russian worker, one of the millions, which was absorbed by the terrible, bloodthirsty car of the totalitarian state.
2. Checking ahead homework (1)
"How was it born? It was just such a camp day, heavy work, I dragged the stretcher with a partner and thought how to describe the entire camp world - in one day. Of course, you can describe our ten years camp, and there all the history of the camps, and it is enough to collect everything in one day, as in a sparrow, it is enough to describe only one day of one middle, nothing noticeable in the morning in the morning. And everything will be. This was born my thought in the 52nd year. In the camp. Well, of course, then it was madly to think about it. And then passed years. I wrote a novel, sick, died of cancer. And now ... in 59 - m ... "
"The author is conceived on general works In the Ekibastuz special camp in the winter of 1950-51. Implemented in 1959 first as "Sh - 854. One day of one zeka", more acute politically. Softened in 1961 - and in this form it was useful for filing to the "New World", in the fall of the same year.
The image of Ivan Denisovich was formed from Schukhov's soldier who fought with the author to Soviet-German (and never sitting), the general experience of the captive and personal experience of the author in a special camp of the Mason. The rest of the faces are all from the camp life, with their genuine biographies. "
3. New topic
Teacher. Let us try to fold the picture of the camp life along the text shrinkers.
What rows allow the reader to see all the realities of this life?
Possible quotes:
"... an intermittent clinking is weakly passed through the gland, hung in two fingers ..."
"... The dayties carried one of the eights of the Paras ..."
"... Three days Kandy with a conclusion ..."
"..Foniari ... So many of them were sparkling that they completely crushed the stars .."
Checking the advanced homework (2):
In the camp depicted by a writer, its own strict hierarchy:
There are owned bosses (among them the head of the Volkova regime, "dark, and long, yes, yes," quite justifying his surname: I look at the wolf, "it is quickly", waving a leather twist). There are warders (one of them is a gloomy tatar with a crumpled face, which is every time "how to put in the night"). There are teks, also located on different steps of the hierarchical staircase. There are "hosts" here, there are thumbightly arranged, the "six", informants, informants, the worst of the prisoners who betrayed their college in misfortune. Feetukov, for example, without having a broger, licking dirty bowls, scales scales from the cluster. There are "Saccs", stupid in Lazarut, "assholes". There are slave and dismandable slave.
Output. One day from the lift to the penny, but he allowed to tell the writer so much, reproduce so detailed events that repeated through three thousand six hundred and fifty-three days that we can make a complete idea of \u200b\u200bIvan Shukhov's life and about people around him.
Teacher.Solzhenitsyn Casual writes about "assholes", "Sixters", "Shaklah" - just one offer, sometimes their names or names say more: Volkovka, Schuchertenko, Fetyukov. The reception of the "speaking" names relates us to the works of Fononvizin and Griboedov. However, the writer is more interested in not so much this social "incision" of the camp, how many characters of prisoners who are directly related to the main character.
Who are they?
Checking the advanced homework (3)
Possible answer:
These are prisoners who do not drop themselves and retain their face. It is an old man Yu-81, which "in the camps and in prisons sitting unnecessary, how much the Soviet power is worth", but it did not lose human dignity. And the other - the "living old man" X-123, convinced fanatic of the truth. This is a deaf Senka Klevshin, the former prisoner of Buchenwald, who consisted in an underground organization. The Germans hung him for his hands and beat sticks, and he miraculously survived to now continue his torment in the Soviet camp.
This is Latvian Jan Kildigis, which is in the camp of two years from the die-mounted twenty-five, a wonderful bricklayer, who did not lose the tendency to joke. Aleshka is a baptist, a pure heart and a neat outdoor young man, a carrier of spiritual faith and humility. It prays about the spiritual, convinced that the Lord from Him and others "screaming."
Buynovsky, the former Captain of the second rank who commanded on the Ministry of Economics, "who went around Europe and the Great Northern Way", is kept cheerfully, although in his eyes "comes." Created in a difficult moment to take a blow to herself. I am ready to fight with cruel warders, defending human rights, for which the "ten days of Carter" receives, it means that all life will lose their health.
Tyurin with traces of smallpox, in the past, a peasant, but in the camp sits 19 years as the son of the smoked. That is why was dismissed from the army. Position he is now brigadier, but for prisoners he is like his father. Risching to get a new term, he stands up for people, because he is respected and loved, they try not to let down.
Teacher.Trying to destroy the man in man, prisoners were deprived of the name and assigned the number. What work did we already meet a similar situation?
(E. Ramatin "We")
Indeed, E. Ramytin, at the beginning of the century, warned people about what could happen to a man in a totalitarian society. The novel is written like utopia, i.e., the place that is not, but in the middle of the 20th century it turned into reality.
Teacher. Ivan Denisovich Shukhov. Who is he, the main character Solzhenitsyn's story?
Checking an advanced homework (4)
Possible answer:
Ivan Denisovich Shukhov, a forty-year-old peasant, broken by evil will and from the army, where he honestly fought, like everything, for his native land, and from the family, where his wife and two daughters are mumbled without him, such an important post-war Years. A simple Russian peasant from the village of Peregorno near the bedroom, lost in the middle lane of Russia, he went to the war on June 23, 1941, fought with enemies, until he fell into the environment ended with captivity. Fight from there with four other crisp. Shukhov miraculously made his way to the "his", wherever the investigator, nor the shukhov himself could come up with which the task of the Germans he performed, escaped from captivity. In counterintelligence a long time Beii Shukhov then offered a choice. "And the calculation was at Shukhov simple: do not sign - Bushland wooden, sign - even if you still have a little. Signature." So "made it" to him the 58th article, and it is considered today that Schukhov for a treason of his homeland. Ivan Denisovich, Ivan Denisovich, was first in the terrible Ust-Izhmenovsky general camp, and then in the Siberian platform, where there was a flap with the Arrest Number Sh-854 on his trousers.
Teacher. How does it live or, rather, try to survive the main character? What laws learned Shukhov during their stay in conclusion?
Possible answer options:
"... Schukhov firmly filled the words of the first brigadier Kuzömin ....:
Here, guys, law - Taiga. But people live here. In the camp that's who breathes: who is a bowl licking, who hopes for San percussion and who goes to knock on Kum. "
"Not counting the sleep, the lap lives for himself only in the morning ten minutes for breakfast, and five for lunch, and five for dinner."
".. Smezar smoked ... But Shukhov did not directly ask, but he stopped next to the Caesar and the captain looked past him."
"Shukhov for forty years old the land of the bophat, there is no half the teeth and on the head of the shoulders, I never gave anyone and did not take anyone and did not learn in the camp ..."
"... And Shukhov understands life and does not castens in someone else's good ..."
"Also, here is a knife - earnings. For his storage - after all, the Cake. "
"To Shukhov, money came only from private work: Slippers are saving from the Davalz cloth - two rubles, send the tuftire - also in perspective ..."
Output.For the past eight years, Ivan Denisovich, he knows that it should not be descended, to preserve the dignity, not to be a "asshole", not to become "Shakal", not to get into the "six", what he should take care of himself, showing and ravous, and sound Meaning, and exposure, and perseverance, and smelting.
Teacher. What unites all these people: the former peasant, military, Baptist ....
Possible answer:
All of them are forced to comprehend the wild morals and the laws of the Stalinist Hell's car, seeking to survive, but not lose human appearance.
Teacher. What helps them do not fall, do not turn into an animal?
Possible answer:
Each of them has its own rod, its moral foundation. They try not to return to the thoughts of injustice, do not moan, do not grow, do not fuss, strictly count on each step to survive to keep yourself for of the future life, after all, hope has not yet faded.
Teacher. Let us turn to the epigram of our lesson "... And the further, the stronger he kept ...". Now knowing quite a lot about the heroes of the story, explain how you understand this expression. Who do you think it can be attributed first?
Teacher. Let's try to explain and the second line of the epigraph. Whose words are this and how do you understand them?
Output.Ivan Denisovich continues the Pleiad of the heroes of classical Russian literature. You can recall the heroes of Nekrasov, Leskova, Tolstoy ... The more the tests, suffering, deprivation falls on their share, the stronger the Spirit they became. So Shukhov tries to survive where it does not contribute to anything, it tries not only to keep himself not only physically, but spiritually, because to lose human dignity - it means to die. But the hero is not at all inclined to take on all the blows of the camp life, otherwise it is not to survive, about it and tells us the second line of the epigraph.
Teacher. Once by F.M.Dostoevsky in the novel "Notes from the Dead House" described the year of life at the royal cavity and with an unfair comparison with the One day of Soviet, despite all the shackles and spreads, the royal looks more accuracy, if such a word is appropriate to Similar objects. Solzhenitsyn chooses from all camping days Ivan Denisovich is not the most terrible, without scenes of bullying and violence, although all this is invisible, somewhere in scraps of phrases, a meager description is present. But what amazing, remember, with what thoughts of Shukhov ends this day.
(« Fucking shukhov quite satisfied ......... passed the day ... almost happy ... ".)
Is it really really a writer wants to convince us that in the camp it is possible that a person can be happy in his misfortune?
Possible answer: I did not get into the Cake, did not get sick, I didn't get sick on the spum, the soldering place "scored" ... the absence of misfortunes in conditions that you can't change - what is not happiness?! "He was a lot of good luck on his day .."
Teacher. One of the pleasant moments of this day Ivan Denisovich considered the work. Why?
Reading and analyzing the floor laying of the Wall of CHP.(From the words "and did not see more shukhov nor the distant lakes .." before the words "And he outlined where how many slag blocks put it .."; from the words ".. But the shukhov is not mistaken ..." before the words "Such a job - underwent a nose Lost ... ".)
What mood is shukhov?
What does his peasant thrift manifest?
How can I describe the work of Ivan Denisovich?
What words of proposals indicate a conscientious relation to Shukhov to work?
Output.Congenital hardworking is another quality of Solzhenitsyn's hero, which he relates him to the heroes of Russian literature of the 19th century and which helps him survive. Former carpenter, and now the mason, he and in the territory, fenced barbed wire, works in good faith, he simply does not know how. And it is the work that allows him, at least for a while, break out of the camp existence, remember the past, think about the future life and test that rare the joy in the camp that the worker is capable of being able to experience the peasant.
4. Final word of the teacher
You can talk about such a small and so large work to infinity. How many times will you reread the story of Solzhenitsyn, so many times you will open it in a new way. And this is also a property. the best works Classical Russian literature. Today, ending our lesson, I want to return to the topic set in the title of lesson.
At the beginning of the last century, Anna Andreevna Akhmatova wrote his "Requiem" as a memorial, in his tortured, seeded, deceased generation. Alexander Isaevich Solzhenitsyn wrote "one day of Ivan Denisovich" as a hymn to his generation, the anthem to a person who resista everything he prepared a "native" state, extended, survived, retaining his human dignity. Many broke, died, but many remained people. They returned to live, raise children and selflessly love their homeland.
5. Homework
In the framework of one lesson, it is not possible to discuss all parties to such a multifaceted work. I suggest you write an essay about what we did not have time to talk. What could you see in the story, and we missed. What conclusions you came, and we could not.
Comparing two heroes-peasants of different writers, we find the fundamental difference between the Solzhenitsyn Hero. He, according to the characteristic of the author, "not miss", that is, the deft, and cleaned, and dare. But that's not all. The main thing is that Ivan Denisovich is a thinking person who is aware of his place in a large and small world, who has a sense of self-esteem, estimating everything around from a demanding moral point of view.
For a long time, critics spoke about the righteousness of Solzhenitsyn's heroes. Readers, apparently, in connection with the theme of martyrdom in the camp, the question arises about the righteousness of the hero of this story. Do we know the meaning of this word?
We write in a notebook: Righteous - it is your opinion). After 3 minutes, we read aloud all the opinions as we succeed.
And now - under the dictation: Righteousness
"This is the ability to live," not licking, not a lunaning, not condemning the near and not condemning the perverse enemy. " "The hero creates the case, the righteous - daily valor."
(On N.S.Leskov.)
Can Ivan Denisovich call the righteous? And is it possible to consider it the most ordinary, minor person ("zero", in Dombrovsky)? And "little man"? (And if from a tolstovsk point of view?) It is obvious that everything is impossible to have time according to the conditions of time. It is important to go to the intermediate question - what saids Shukhov?
But you can save your life, but lose live soul and become a suitable person, lose personal properties ... especially an important question - about the boundaries of moral compromise 10 .
Let's discuss in groups: whom and for what Ivan Denisovich respects? Not those who adapt well, but those who retain the living soul. He heart welcomed Aleshka, although the "Naderman", and the Seeds of Clevchem, who will not quit the comrade, and Buynovsky, who behaves not according to the laws of survival and "shame", but the worker is real, and Shukhov is glad that he will give extra porridge to him . And let him remember a toothless old old man who in the dining room, like the main hero of the story, "I did not allow myself" in the header. About Brigadier Andrei Prokofyuche Tyurin, his image, fate it would be necessary to speak separately ...
For discussion to take place, before starting work in groups, we write additional questions in the notebook (or can be opened on the board):
- What is a compromise?
- Who and for what Schukhov respects?
- Adaptability or adaptation depicts the author? What should it be from?
What saves Ivan Denisovich Shukhov?
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10 If you even ask high school students, what the difference between the values \u200b\u200bof the words "fixture" and adaptation ", not everyone will answer today! ..
I described only one day of the prisoner - from lifting to the extraction, but the story was built so that the reader could imagine the camp life of the Schukhalnaya peasant Shukhov and his surroundings in its entirety. By the time of writing, the author was already very far from socialist ideals. This story is about the illegality, unrestricted the system itself created by Soviet leaders.
The image of the main character is collective. The main prototype of Shukhov is often called Ivan, a former soldier from Solzhenitsyn's artillery battery. At the same time, the writer himself was concluded, which every day of his stay in the camp watched thousands of broken human destinies and tragedies. The material for his story was the result of a terrible lawlessness, which had nothing to do with justice. Solzhenitsyn is confident that Soviet camps were the same death camps, like fascist, only killed their own people.
Ivan Denisovich has long understood that it is not enough to feel like a Soviet person to survive. He got rid of ideological illusions, useless in the camp. It his inner conviction brightly demonstrates the scene when Kavennygen Buinovsky explains the hero why the sun in Zenith happens at an hour of the day, and not at 12 o'clock. Decree of the government time in the country was transferred for an hour ahead. Shukhov surprised: "Cheating and the sun by their decrees obey?" With the Soviet power of Shukhov, now other relationships. He is a carrier of universal values \u200b\u200bthat failed to destroy party-class ideology in it. In the camp, it helps him to stand out, to remain a person.
The fate of the prisoner Sh-854 is like thousands of others. He honestly lived, went to the front, but he was captured. He managed to run away from the captivity and miraculously break into "his own." This was enough for a serious accusation. "In the counterintelligence Biil Shukhov a lot. And the calculation was at Shukhov simple: do not sign - Bushland wooden, sign - even if you live a little. Signed. "
Whatever Shukhov did, he pursues a daily one goal - to survive. Prisoner Sch-854 tries to follow each of his pitch, as far as possible to work and lead a tolerable existence. He knows that ordinary practice with such a serious accusation, like him, is to add a prison. Therefore, Shukhov is not sure that it will be on freedom at the appointed time, but forbids himself to doubt. The conclusion of Shukhov is serving to grasp the homeland. In the documents that it was forced to sign, it means that Shukhov performed the tasks of the fascists. What exactly - could not come up with a investigator nor the trendy. Does not think of shukhov and about why he sits and many more people, not tormenting eternal questions without answers.
By nature, Ivan Denisovich belongs to natural, natural people who appreciate the process of life. And the alar has its little joy: drink hot balancing, to smoke a cigarette, calmly, with pleasure, eat a scraper of bread, pecklessly, where the warming, and to build a minute, until you drove to work. Having received new shoes, and later felt boots, shukhov rejoices, like a child: "... ... no need to die." During his day, he had a lot of good luck: "I did not put in the Cake, I didn't kicked the brigade on the social town, he scored porridge at lunch, he didn't get caught with a knife, she worked in the evening at Caesar and bought Tobacco in the evening. And did not get sick, swing. "
In the camp shhukhov he saves labor. He works enthusiastically, regrets when the shift ends, it hurts himself for tomorrow is a trowel for a bricklayer. It makes decisions from the position of common sense, relying on peasant values. Labor and attitude to work do not give Ivan Denisovich to lose themselves. It does not understand how it can be applied to work unfair. Ivan Denisovich "knows how to live", think almost, not throw words to the wind.
In a conversation with Aleshka-Baptist, Shukhov expresses his attitude to faith and God, guided again by common sense. "I'm not against God, you understand," explains Shukhov. - I will surely believe in God. I just do not believe in hell and paradise. Why do you consider us for fools, paradise and hell do we promise? " To the question why he does not pray to God, Shukhov answers: "Therefore, Aleshka, that the prayers are how applications, or not reach, or in a complaint refuse." So he, hell, - camp. How did God allow this?
There are among the heroes of Solzhenitsyn and those who, committing a small feature of survival every day, does not lose dignity. Old man Yu-81 sits on prisons and camps, as Soviet power is worth. Another old old man, X-123, is a fierce champion of Pravda, deaf Senka Klevshin, prisoner of Buchenwald. I survived the torture of the Germans, now in the Soviet camp. Latvian Jan Kildigs, who has not lost the ability to joke. Aleshka-Baptist, who sacred believes that God will remove from the people of "Screw."
The captain of the second rank Buynovsky is always ready to entertain people, he did not forget the laws of honor. Shukhov with his peasant psychology Behavior of Buynovsky seems meaningless risk. The captain was sharply indignant when the warders in the frost were ordered to unbutton the clothes to "promise, whether to contact the charter." For this, Buynovsky received the "ten days of strict". Everyone knows that after Karzer, he will forever lose his health, but the conclusion of such a prisoner: "I didn't have to get it! Everything would have cost. "
The story "One Day of Ivan Denisovich" was published during the "Khrushchev thaw" in 1962, caused a great resonance in the reader's environment, opened the world a terrible truth about totalitarian regime in Russia. Solzhenitsyn shows how patience and life ideals help Ivan Denisovich survive in inhuman conditions Camps day after day.
I.D. Shukhov survives in hard, inhuman conditions of the camp due to humility, wisdom, kindness, hard work and resistance. A strong character allows the hero not only to "survive", but also to remain happy. Ivan Denisovich perfectly understood the rules of imprisonment, clearly knew how he should lead himself to those or other people, tried to find the use of all skills that only have in order to survive. A lot of skills, smelts and peculiar household wisdoms had a lot. So, for example, he knew exactly that it was impossible to stay in Lazarut, because, the patient almost certainly - the dead man, should not be climbed onto the Rogger, and the work is tool and from the cold, and from thoughts about hunger, and from boredom, and from diseases . Moreover, Ivan Denisovich did not allow himself to be discouraged, lowering his hands, constantly looking for opportunities to get additional benefits, stockfall, than necessary, to find the use of each thing.
Yes, and a person who knows how to find happiness is already in the fact that "the Cake was not planted, the brigade was not kicked out on the social town, I didn't bother my porridge for lunch, I didn't get caught with a knuckling", "I bought a tobacco" and "not sick, stive Survive much easier. The peasant origin of Ivan Denisovich makes him be tolerant and submissive fate: "At first, it was ... every day I thought how many days from the deadline passed how much it remains. And then tired. " However, he still misses her native edges, loves them with all his heart: "I wanted to ask God to ask - home."
Camp life facilitates friendship with other sites. Helping another, I.D. Sukhov himself benefits: "Caesar kept his hand to the top and put two cookies, two pieces of sugar and one round slice of sausages." Despite this, it helps others, not expecting gratitude or response from them: "On, Aleshka! "And he gave one cookie."
Thanks to hard work, work in the team and life in the camp rules, Ivan Denisovich earned respect and good location of other prisoners.
Updated: 2018-01-30
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