Since ancient times, reason and feeling affect us in completely different ways. Reason relies on logic and cold calculation, forcing us to weigh the pros and cons, while feelings, on the contrary, lead us, relying only on the emotions that we experience. Such a contradiction, as it was, and will always be. What choice to make in a given situation: to submit to feelings or to listen to the voice of reason? How to avoid internal conflict and find harmony between these two "elements"? It is difficult to answer this question. Therefore, Russian literature will help us to understand it - a kind of textbook of life.

Many works have been written from which the reader will draw the correct conclusions. So, in the comedy by A. Griboyedov "Woe from Wit", the author denounces the vices that still exist in each of us. Using the example of the main characters, Griboyedov makes us think: is it always worth doing according to the will of the heart, or is cold calculation still better? The personification of commercialism and sycophancy is Alexey Stepanovich Molchalin.

With his obsequiousness, the hero successfully makes his way into high society. Molchalin is a convinced conservative who depends on the opinions of others. Seriousness and servility to superior people - that's life principle Molchalin. In this hero, "reason" prevails in love affairs. Experiencing strong feelings for Lisa, he tried to buy her love, promising to give her a "toilet of clever work." But still he is forced to look after Sophia. In Molchalin's love desire for her, calculation clearly outweighs. It is beneficial for him to live in the Famusovs' house, next to his boss. Only one mind moves this hero.

The opposite example in this comedy is A.A. Chatsky. In it, Griboyedov embodied many of the qualities of an advanced man of his era. Chatsky proclaims humanity, respect for the common man, freedom of thought. He is driven only by feeling, he feels sincere and ardent love for Sophia. Neither departure to Moscow nor parting cooled his feelings. For him, love is a shrine. That is why Chatsky painfully endures the news that Sophia loves another. Fidelity in friendship and sincerity in love are what is important for our hero. He opposes the Moscow "aces", who live in reverence only for wealth and rank. But the result of all this is pretty sad. Chatsky is lonely. There is no one among people who would share his position. The whole society makes fun of him and recognizes him as crazy.

Another striking example is FM Dostoevsky's novel Crime and Punishment. Main character Rodion Raskolnikov is a man of remarkable mind, deeply and subtly feels, capable of constant analysis of his own and others' actions. He is a vivid example of the struggle between reason and feeling. Raskolnikov does not dare to commit a crime for a long time, plunging into his own reflections, he is sure that knowing all the subtleties of murder and, referring himself to "unusual" people who are allowed to cross any boundaries that distinguish crime from the norm, he will be able to step over himself and continue calm and a happy life. But the dream on the eve of the crime contradicted his mind, his atmosphere was heated with strong feelings - the unbearable despair of little Rodion, shaking his little heart with pity for the "poor horse." All this speaks of the unnaturalness of murder. However, this does not stop Raskolnikov. Having committed a crime, he begins to experience mental anguish. If he did not act at the behest of his mind, but listened to the voice of his heart, then the crime would not have been committed. Raskolnikov takes as a basis only the results of his reflections, completely forgetting about feelings.

Should the mind prevail over feelings? .. Definitely not. Sometimes feelings are so strong that a person simply does not notice how he is rolling into the abyss, succumbing to them. But still very important

learn to reconcile feeling with reason. Learning to live in harmony between these two forces is very important, it makes a person strong and self-confident.

To many fundamental questions that arise again and again in every generation, the majority of thinking people have no and cannot have a concrete answer, and all arguments and disputes on this matter are nothing more than empty polemics. What is the sense of life? What is more important: to love or to be loved? What are feelings, God and man on the scale of the universe? This kind of reasoning includes the question of, in whose hands is the supremacy over the world - in the cold fingers of the mind or in the strong and passionate embrace of feelings?

It seems to me that in our world, a priori, everything is organic, and reason can have some meaning only in conjunction with feelings - and vice versa. A world in which everything obeys only reason is utopian, and the complete dominance of human feelings and passions leads to excessive eccentricity, impulsiveness and tragedies, which are described in romantic works... However, if we approach the posed question directly, omitting all sorts of "buts", then we can come to the conclusion that, of course, in the world of people, vulnerable beings who need support and emotions, it is feelings that take on the managerial role. It is on love, on friendship, on a spiritual connection that the true happiness of a person is built, even if he himself actively denies it.

In Russian literature, there are many contradictory personalities who unsuccessfully deny the need for feelings and emotions in their lives and proclaim reason as the only true category of existence. Such, for example, is the hero of the novel by M.Yu. Lermontov's "A Hero of Our Time". Pechorin made his choice in the direction of a cynical and cold attitude towards people in childhood, faced with misunderstanding and rejection from the people around him. It was after his feelings were rejected that the hero decided that the "salvation" from such emotional experiences would be a complete denial of love, tenderness, care and friendship. The only correct way out, a defensive reaction, Grigory Alexandrovich chose mental development: he read books, talked with interesting people, analyzed society and "played" with the feelings of people, thereby compensating for his own lack of emotions, but this still did not help him replace simple human happiness. In pursuit of mental activity, the hero completely forgot how to be friends, and the moment when his heart still sparks of warm and tender feeling love, he forcibly suppressed them, forbidding himself to be happy, tried to replace this with travel and beautiful landscapes, but in the end he lost all desire and desire to live. It turns out that without feelings and emotions, any activity of Pechorin reflected on his fate in black and white and did not bring him any satisfaction.

The hero of the novel by I.S. Turgenev "Fathers and Sons". The difference between Bazarov and Pechorin is that he defended his position in relation to feelings, creativity, faith in a dispute, formed his own philosophy based on denial and destruction, and even had a follower. Eugene stubbornly and not without results was engaged in scientific activities and devoted all his free time to self-development, however, the fanatical desire to destroy everything that is not subject to reason, in a toga turned against him. The entire nihilistic theory of the hero crashed against the unexpectedly felt feelings for the woman, and this love not only cast a shadow of doubt and confusion on all Eugene's activities, but also very strongly shook his ideological position. It turns out that any, even the most desperate, attempts to destroy feelings and emotions in oneself are nothing compared to a seemingly insignificant, but such strong feeling of love. Probably, the resistance of reason and feelings has always been and will be in our life - this is the essence of man, a creature that is "amazingly vain, truly incomprehensible and eternally hesitant." But it seems to me that in this totality, in this confrontation, in this uncertainty, lies the whole charm of human life, all its excitement and interest.

Final essay is an exam format that allows you to assess several aspects of a student's knowledge at once. Among them: vocabulary, knowledge of literature, the ability to express your point of view in writing. In a word, this format makes it possible to assess the student's general proficiency in both language and subject knowledge.

1. The final essay is given 3 hours 55 minutes, the recommended length is 350 words.
2. The date of the final essay is 2016-2017. In the 2015-2016 academic year, it was held on December 2, 2015, February 3, 2016, May 4, 2016. In 2016-2017 - December 7, February 1, May 17.
3. The final essay (presentation) is held on the first Wednesday of December, the first Wednesday in February and the first working Wednesday in May.

The purpose of the essay is to reason, competently and clearly built the student's point of view using examples from literature within the framework of a given topic. It is important to note that the topics do not indicate a specific work for analysis, it is of a supra-subject nature.

Themes of the final essay on literature 2016-2017

Topics are formed from two lists: open and closed. The first one is known in advance, reflects the approximate common topics, they are formulated as concepts that contradict each other.
A closed list of topics is announced 15 minutes before the start of the essay - these are more specific topics.
Open list of topics for the final essay 2016-2017:
1. "Sense and Sense",
2. "Honor and dishonor",
3. "Victory and Defeat",
4. "Experience and mistakes",
5. "Friendship and enmity".
The topics are presented in a problematic way, the names of the topics are antonyms.

An approximate list of references for all those who will write the final essay (2016-2017):
1. A.M. Bitter "Old woman Izergil",
2. A.P. Chekhov "Ionych",
3. A.S. Pushkin " Captain's daughter"," Eugene Onegin "," Stationmaster "
4. B.L. Vasiliev "Not on the lists",
5.V.A. Kaverin "Two Captains",
6. V.V. Bykov "Sotnikov",
7. V.P. Astafiev "Tsar-fish"
8. Henry Marsh "Do No Harm"
9. Daniel Defoe "Robinson Crusoe",

10. Jack London "White Fang",
11. Jack London "Martin Eden",
12.I.A. Bunin "Clean Monday",
13. I.S. Turgenev "Fathers and Sons",
14. L.N. Tolstoy "War and Peace",
15. M. A. Sholokhov "Quiet Don",
16. M.Yu. Lermontov "A Hero of Our Time"
17. F.M. Dostoevsky "Crime and Punishment", "The Idiot"
18. E. Hemingway "The Old Man and the Sea",
19. E.M. Remarque "All Quiet on the Western Front"
20. E.M. Remarque "Three Comrades".

Argumenyou're on the topic "Sense and Sensibility"

The point of view must be reasoned, in order to correctly form it, it is necessary to involve literary material corresponding to the topic. The argument is the main component of the essay, is included in the evaluation criteria. The following requirements are imposed on it:
1. Be relevant to the topic
2. Include literary material
3. It is logical to be inscribed in the text, in accordance with the general composition
4. Be presented with quality written language
5. Be competently designed.
For the topic "Reason and Feeling", one can take arguments from the works of I.S. Turgenev "Fathers and Sons", A.S. Griboyedov "Woe from Wit", N.M. Karamzin " Poor Lisa", Jane Austen" Sense and Sensibility ".

Examples of final essays

There are a number of final essay templates. They are scored according to five criteria, here is an example of an essay that scored the highest score:
An example of an essay on the topic: "Should the mind prevail over feelings?"
What to listen to, to reason or feelings - every person asks such a question. It is especially acute when the mind dictates one thing, and the feelings contradict it. What is the voice of reason, when it is necessary to listen more precisely to his advice, a person decides for himself, the same with feelings. Without a doubt, the choice in one favor or another depends on the specific situation. For example, even a child knows that in a stressful situation it is impossible to panic, it is better to listen to reason. It is important not only to listen to both reason and feelings, but also to truly learn to distinguish between situations when it is necessary to listen to the first or to the second to a greater extent.

Since the question has always been relevant, it found wide circulation both in Russian and in foreign literature... Jane Austen in the novel Sense and Sensibility, using the example of two sisters, reflected this eternal contradiction. Elinor, the eldest of the sisters, is distinguished by prudence, but she is not devoid of feelings, she just knows how to control them. Mariana is in no way inferior to her older sister, but prudence is not inherent in her in anything. The author showed how their characters affected in the test of love. In the case of her older sister, her prudence almost played a cruel joke on her, thanks to her restrained nature, she did not immediately make it clear to her lover what she was feeling. Mariana, on the other hand, became a victim of feelings, so she was deceived by a young man who took advantage of her gullibility and married a wealthy lady. As a result, the older sister was ready to come to terms with loneliness, but the man of her heart, Edward Ferras, makes a choice in her favor, rejecting not only the inheritance, but also from his word: an engagement to an unloved woman. Marianne, after a serious illness and endured deception, grows up and agrees to an engagement with a 37-year-old captain, to whom she has no romantic feelings, but deeply respects.

A similar choice is made by the characters in the story of A.P. Chekhov's "On Love". However, Alekhin and Anna Luganovich, succumbing to the call of reason, abandon their happiness, which makes their act right in the eyes of society, but in the depths of their souls, both heroes are unhappy.

So what is reason: logic, common sense, or simply boring reason? Can feelings interfere with a person's life or, conversely, provide an invaluable service? There is no unequivocal answer in this dispute, who to listen to: reason or feeling. Both are equally important for a person, so you just need to learn how to use them correctly.

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Direction "Sense and Sensibility"

An example of an essay on the topic: "Should the mind prevail over feelings"?

Should the mind prevail over the senses? In my opinion, there is no definite answer to this question. In some situations, you should listen to the voice of reason, while in other situations, on the contrary, you need to act in harmony with feelings. Let's look at a few examples.

So, if a person is possessed by negative feelings, one should curb them, listen to the arguments of reason. For example, A. Mass "Difficult exam" refers to a girl named Anya Gorchakova, who managed to withstand a difficult test. The heroine dreamed of becoming an actress, she wanted her parents, having arrived at the play at the children's camp, to appreciate her play. She tried very hard, but she was disappointed: on the appointed day, her parents never arrived. Seized by a sense of despair, she decided not to go on stage. The educator's reasonable argument helped her cope with her feelings. Anya realized that she should not let her comrades down, she needs to learn to control herself and complete her task, no matter what. And so it happened, she played the best. The writer wants to teach us a lesson: no matter how strong negative feelings are, we must be able to cope with them, listen to the mind, which tells us the right decision.

However, the mind does not always give the right advice. Sometimes it happens that actions dictated by rational arguments lead to negative consequences. Let's turn to A. Likhanov's story "Labyrinth". The father of the protagonist Tolik was passionate about his work. He loved designing machine parts. When he talked about it, his eyes were shining. But at the same time, he earned little, but he could have gone to the shop and receive a higher salary, which his mother-in-law constantly reminded him of. It would seem that this is a more reasonable decision, because the hero has a family, has a son, and he should not depend on the pension of an elderly woman - mother-in-law. In the end, yielding to family pressure, the hero sacrificed his feelings to reason: he gave up what he loved in favor of earning money. What did this lead to? Tolik's father felt deeply unhappy: “The eyes are sick and they seem to be calling. They are calling for help, as if the person is scared, as if he is mortally wounded. " If earlier he possessed a bright feeling of joy, now - a dull melancholy. This was not the kind of life he dreamed of. The writer shows that at first glance, decisions that are not always reasonable are correct, sometimes, listening to the voice of reason, we doom ourselves to moral suffering.

Thus, we can conclude: when deciding whether to act in accordance with reason or feelings, a person must take into account the specifics of a particular situation.

(375 words)

An example of an essay on the topic: "Should a person live in obedience to feelings?"

Should a person live in obedience to feelings? In my opinion, there is no definite answer to this question. In some situations, you should listen to the voice of your heart, and in other situations, on the contrary, you should not give in to feelings, you need to listen to the arguments of reason. Let's look at a few examples.

Thus, V. Rasputin's story "French Lessons" tells about the teacher Lydia Mikhailovna, who could not remain indifferent to the plight of her student. The boy was starving and, in order to get money for a glass of milk, he played gambling... Lydia Mikhailovna tried to invite him to the table and even sent him a parcel with groceries, but the hero rejected her help. Then she decided on extreme measures: she began to play with him for money. Of course, the voice of reason could not but tell her that she violates the ethical norms of the relationship between teacher and student, transcends the boundaries of what is permissible, that for this she would be fired. But the feeling of compassion prevailed, and Lidia Mikhailovna violated the generally accepted rules of teacher behavior in order to help the child. The writer wants to convey to us the idea that "good feelings" are more important than reasonable norms.

However, sometimes it happens that a person is possessed by negative feelings: anger, resentment. Seized by them, he commits bad deeds, although, of course, with his mind he realizes that he is doing evil. The consequences can be tragic. A.Mass's story "The Trap" describes the act of a girl named Valentina. The heroine dislikes her brother's wife Rita. This feeling is so strong that Valentina decides to set a trap for her daughter-in-law: to dig a hole and disguise it so that Rita, stepping on, falls. The girl cannot help but understand that she is doing a bad deed, but feelings take over her reason in her. She realizes her plan, and Rita falls into a prepared trap. Only suddenly it turns out that she was in her fifth month of pregnancy and as a result of the fall she could lose the baby. Valentina is horrified by what she had done. She didn't want to kill anyone, much less a child! "How can I live on?" she asks and does not find an answer. The author brings us to the idea that one should not succumb to the power of negative feelings, because they provoke cruel actions, which later will have to be bitterly regretted.

Thus, we can come to the conclusion: you can obey feelings if they are kind, bright; the negative ones should be curbed by listening to the voice of reason.

(344 words)

An example of an essay on the topic: "The dispute between reason and feeling ..."

The dispute between reason and feeling ... This confrontation is eternal. Sometimes the voice of reason turns out to be stronger in us, and sometimes we follow the dictates of our feelings. In some situations, there is no right choice. By listening to feelings, a person will sin against moral norms; listening to reason, he will suffer. There may not be such a path that would lead to a successful resolution of the situation.

So, in the novel by A.S. Pushkin "Eugene Onegin" the author tells about the fate of Tatiana. In her youth, having fallen in love with Onegin, she, unfortunately, does not find reciprocity. Tatiana carries her love through the years, and finally Onegin is at her feet, he is passionately in love with her. It would seem that she dreamed about it. But Tatiana is married, she is aware of her duty as a wife, she cannot tarnish her honor and the honor of her husband. Reason prevails in her over feelings, and she refuses Onegin. Above love, the heroine puts moral duty, marital fidelity, but dooms both herself and her beloved to suffering. Could the heroes find happiness if she had made a different decision? Hardly. A Russian proverb says: "You cannot build your own happiness on misfortune." The tragedy of the heroine's fate is that the choice between reason and feeling in her situation is a choice without choice, any decision will only lead to suffering.

Let us turn to the work of Nikolai Gogol "Taras Bulba". The writer shows the choice faced by one of the heroes, Andriy. On the one hand, he has a feeling of love for a beautiful Polish woman, on the other, he is a Cossack, one of those who laid siege to the city. The beloved understands that she and Andriy cannot be together: "And I know what your duty and covenant is: your name is father, comrades, motherland, and we are your enemies." But Andriy's feelings prevail over all the arguments of reason. He chooses love, in the name of her he is ready to betray his homeland and family: “And what about my father, comrades and homeland! .. The homeland is what our soul is looking for, which is dearer to her than anything. You are my fatherland! .. And I will sell everything that is, I will give it, I will ruin it for such a fatherland! " The writer shows that a wonderful feeling of love can push a person to terrible actions: we see that Andriy turns weapons against his former comrades, together with the Poles he is fighting against the Cossacks, including his brother and father. On the other hand, could he leave his beloved to starve to death in a besieged city, perhaps become a victim of the cruelty of the Cossacks if he was captured? We see that in this situation the right choice is hardly possible, any path leads to tragic consequences.

Summing up what has been said, we can conclude that, reflecting on the dispute between reason and feeling, it is impossible to say unequivocally what should win.

(399 words)

An example of an essay on the topic: "A great person can be thanks to his feelings - not only his mind." (Theodore Dreiser)

"One can be a great person also thanks to one's feelings - not only to the mind", - argued Theodore Dreiser. Indeed, not only a scientist or a military leader can be called great. The greatness of a person can be contained in bright thoughts, the desire to do good. Feelings such as mercy, compassion, can move us to noble deeds. By listening to the voice of feelings, a person helps the people around him, makes the world a better place and becomes cleaner himself. I will try to confirm my idea with literary examples.

In the story of B. Ekimov "The Night of Healing" the author tells about the boy Borka, who comes to his grandmother for the holidays. The old woman often dreams of wartime nightmares, and this makes her scream at night. The mother gives the hero sensible advice: "She will only start talking in the evening, and you shout:" Be quiet! " She stops. We tried". Borka is going to do just that, but the unexpected happens: "the boy's heart is poured with pity and pain," as soon as he heard the groans of his grandmother. He can no longer follow sound advice, he is ruled by a feeling of compassion. Borka calms her grandmother until she falls asleep calmly. He is willing to do this every night so that healing will come to her. The author wants to convey to us the idea of ​​the need to listen to the voice of the heart, to act in harmony with good feelings.

A. Aleksin tells about this in the story "And in the meantime, somewhere ..." The woman asks for help. It would seem that Sergei has nothing to do in her house, and reason tells him to simply return her letter to her and leave. But sympathy for the grief of this woman, once abandoned by her husband, and now by her adopted son, makes him neglect the arguments of reason. Serezha decides to constantly visit Nina Georgievna, to help her in everything, to save her from the most terrible disaster - loneliness. And when his father invites him to go on vacation to the sea, the hero refuses. Yes, of course, a trip to the sea promises to be exciting. Yes, you can write to Nina Georgievna and convince her that she should go to the camp with the guys, where she will be fine. Yes, you can promise to come to her during the winter holidays. But a sense of compassion and responsibility prevails over these considerations. After all, he promised Nina Georgievna to be by her side and cannot become her new loss. Sergei is going to return a ticket to the sea. The author shows that sometimes actions dictated by a sense of mercy can help a person.

Thus, we come to the conclusion: a big heart, just like a big mind, can lead a person to true greatness. Good deeds and pure thoughts testify to the greatness of the soul.

(390 words)

An example of an essay on the topic: "Our mind sometimes brings us no less grief than our passions." (Shamphor)

"Our reason sometimes brings us no less grief than our passions," - argued Chamfort. Indeed, grief from the mind happens. Making a decision that is reasonable at first glance, a person can be mistaken. This happens when the mind and heart are out of tune, when all its senses protest against the chosen path, when, having acted in accordance with the arguments of the mind, it feels unhappy.

Let's turn to literary examples... A. Aleksin in the story "In the meantime, somewhere ..." tells about a boy named Sergei Emelyanov. The main character accidentally learns about the existence of his father's ex-wife and about her trouble. Once her husband left her, and this was a heavy blow for the woman. But now a much more terrible test awaits her. The adopted son decided to leave her. He found his biological parents and chose them. Shurik does not even want to say goodbye to Nina Georgievna, although she raised him from childhood. When he leaves, he takes all his things. He is guided by seemingly reasonable considerations: he does not want to upset his adoptive mother with goodbye, he believes that his things will only remind her of her grief. He realizes that it is difficult for her, but considers it reasonable to live with her newly acquired parents. Aleksin emphasizes that with his actions, so deliberate and balanced, Shurik inflicts a cruel blow to the woman who loves him selflessly, inflicts unspeakable pain on her. The writer leads us to the idea that sometimes reasonable actions can cause grief.

A completely different situation is described in the story of A. Likhanov "Labyrinth". The father of the protagonist Tolik is passionate about his work. He likes to design machine parts. When he talks about it, his eyes shine. But at the same time, he earns little, and yet he can go to the shop and receive a higher salary, which his mother-in-law constantly reminds him of. It would seem that this is a more reasonable decision, because the hero has a family, has a son, and he should not depend on the pension of an elderly woman - mother-in-law. In the end, yielding to family pressure, the hero sacrifices feelings to reason: he gives up his favorite job in favor of earning money. What does this lead to? Tolik's father feels deeply unhappy: “The eyes are sick and seem to be calling. They are calling for help, as if the person is scared, as if he is mortally wounded. " If earlier he possessed a bright feeling of joy, now - a dull melancholy. He does not dream of such a life. The writer shows that at first glance, decisions that are not always reasonable are correct, sometimes, listening to the voice of reason, we doom ourselves to moral suffering.

Summing up what has been said, I would like to express the hope that a person, following the advice of reason, will not forget about the voice of feelings.

(398 words)

An example of an essay on the topic: "What rules the world - reason or feeling?"

What rules the world - reason or feeling? At first glance, it seems that reason prevails. He invents, plans, controls. However, a person is not only a rational creature, but also endowed with feelings. He hates and loves, rejoices and suffers. And it is the feelings that make him feel happy or unhappy. Moreover, it is his feelings that make him create, invent, change the world. Without feelings, the mind would not have created its outstanding creations.

Let us recall the novel by J. London "Martin Eden". The main character studied a lot, became famous writer... But what prompted him to work on himself day and night, to create tirelessly? The answer is simple: it is a feeling of love. Martin's heart was won by a girl from high society, Ruth Morse. To win her favor, to win her heart, Martin tirelessly improves himself, overcomes obstacles, suffers need and hunger on the way to the writing vocation. It is love that inspires him, helps him find himself and reach the top. Without this feeling, he would have remained a simple semi-literate sailor, he would not have written his outstanding works.

Let's look at another example. V. Kaverin's novel "Two Captains" describes how the main character Sanya devoted himself to searching for the missing expedition of Captain Tatarinov. He managed to prove that it was Ivan Lvovich who had the honor of discovering the Northern Land. What prompted Sanya to pursue his goal for many years? Cold mind? Not at all. He was motivated by a sense of justice, because for many years it was believed that the captain died through his own fault: he "was careless with state property." In fact, the real culprit was Nikolai Antonovich, because of whom most of the equipment turned out to be unusable. He was in love with the wife of Captain Tatarinov and deliberately doomed him to death. Sanya accidentally found out about this and most of all wanted justice to prevail. It was the sense of justice and truthfulness that prompted the hero to a relentless search and ultimately led to a historical discovery.

Summing up everything that has been said, we can conclude: the world is ruled by feelings. Paraphrasing the well-known phrase of Turgenev, we can say that only they keep and move life. Feelings encourage our minds to create new things, to make discoveries.

(309 words)

An example of an essay on the topic: "Sense and feelings: harmony or confrontation?" (Shamphor)

Sense and Sensibility: Harmony or Confrontation? It seems that there is no single answer to this question. Of course, it happens that reason and feelings coexist in harmony. Moreover, while there is this harmony, we do not ask such questions. It is like air: while it is there, we do not notice it, but if it is not enough ... However, there are situations when the mind and feelings come into conflict. Probably, every person at least once in his life felt that his "mind and heart are out of tune." An internal struggle arises, and it is difficult to imagine which will prevail: reason or heart.

So, for example, in A. Aleksin's story "In the meantime, somewhere ..." we see a confrontation between reason and feelings. The main character Sergei Emelyanov, accidentally reading a letter addressed to his father, learns about the existence of that ex-wife. The woman asks for help. It would seem that Sergei has nothing to do in her house, and reason tells him to simply return her letter to her and leave. But sympathy for the grief of this woman, once abandoned by her husband, and now by her adopted son, makes him neglect the arguments of reason. Serezha decides to constantly visit Nina Georgievna, to help her in everything, to save her from the most terrible disaster - loneliness. And when his father invites him to go on vacation to the sea, the hero refuses. Yes, of course, a trip to the sea promises to be exciting. Yes, you can write to Nina Georgievna and convince her that she should go to the camp with the guys, where she will be fine. Yes, you can promise to come to her during the winter holidays. All of this is quite reasonable. But a sense of compassion and responsibility prevails over these considerations. After all, he promised Nina Georgievna to be by her side and cannot become her new loss. Sergei is going to return a ticket to the sea. The author shows that compassion wins.

Let us turn to the novel by A.S. Pushkin "Eugene Onegin". The author tells about the fate of Tatiana. In her youth, having fallen in love with Onegin, she, unfortunately, does not find reciprocity. Tatiana carries her love through the years, and finally Onegin is at her feet, he is passionately in love with her. It would seem that she dreamed about it. But Tatiana is married, she is aware of her duty as a wife, she cannot tarnish her honor and the honor of her husband. Reason prevails in her over feelings, and she refuses Onegin. Above love, the heroine puts moral duty, marital fidelity.

Summing up what has been said, I would like to add that reason and feelings are at the heart of our being. I would like them to balance each other, allow us to live in harmony with ourselves and with the world around us.

(388 words)

Direction "Honor and dishonor"

An example of an essay on the topic: "How do you understand the words" honor "and" dishonor "?

Honor and dishonor ... Probably, many wondered what these words mean. Honor is self-esteem, moral principles that a person is ready to defend in any situation, even at a cost own life... At the heart of dishonor is cowardice, weakness of character, which does not allow fighting for ideals, forcing one to commit heinous deeds. Both of these concepts are revealed, as a rule, in a situation of moral choice.

Many writers have addressed the topic of honor and dishonor. Thus, V. Bykov's story "Sotnikov" tells about two partisans who were captured. One of them, Sotnikov, bravely endures the torture, but does not tell his enemies anything. Knowing that he will be executed the next morning, he prepares to meet death with dignity. The writer focuses our attention on the reflections of the hero: “Sotnikov easily and simply, as something elementary and completely logical in his position, has now made the last decision: to take everything upon himself. Tomorrow he will tell the investigator that he went to reconnaissance, had an assignment, wounded a policeman in a shootout, that he was the commander of the Red Army and an enemy of fascism, let them shoot him. The rest have nothing to do with it. " It is significant that before dying, the partisans do not think about themselves, but about the salvation of others. And although his attempt was unsuccessful, he fulfilled his duty to the end. The hero bravely meets death, the thought does not come to him for a minute to beg the enemy for mercy, to become a traitor. The author wants to convey to us the idea that honor and dignity are higher than the fear of death.

Comrade Sotnikova, Rybak, behaves in a completely different way. The fear of death prevailed over all his senses. Sitting in the basement, he only thinks about saving his own life. When the police asked him to become one of them, he was not offended, not indignant, on the contrary, he “felt keenly and joyfully - he will live! The opportunity to live has appeared - this is the main thing. All the rest - later. " Of course, he does not want to become a traitor: "He was not at all going to give them guerrilla secrets, let alone enter the police, although he understood that evading her, apparently, would not be easy." He hopes that "he will wriggle out and then he will surely pay off with these bastards ...". An inner voice tells the Fisherman that he has embarked on the path of dishonor. And then Rybak tries to find a compromise with his conscience: “He went to this game in order to win his life - isn't this not enough for the most, even desperate, game? And there it will be visible, if only they would not be killed, tortured during interrogations. If only he could get out of this cage, and he would not allow himself anything bad. Is he an enemy to his own? " Faced with a choice, he is not ready to sacrifice his life for the sake of honor.

The writer shows the successive stages of Rybak's moral decline. So he agrees to go over to the side of the enemy and at the same time continues to convince himself that "there is no big fault with him." In his opinion, “he had more opportunities and cheated in order to survive. But he is not a traitor. In any case, he was not going to become a German servant. He kept waiting to seize a convenient moment - maybe now, or maybe a little later, and only they will see him ... "

And here Rybak takes part in the execution of Sotnikov. Bykov emphasizes that Rybak is trying to find an excuse even for this terrible act: “What does he have to do with it? Is this him? He just pulled out this stump. And then by order of the police. " And only walking in the ranks of the policemen, Rybak finally understands: "There was no longer any way to escape from this formation." V. Bykov emphasizes that the path of dishonor that Rybak has chosen is the path to nowhere.

Summing up what has been said, I would like to express the hope that, faced with a difficult choice, we will not forget about the highest values: honor, duty, courage.

(610 words)

An example of an essay on the topic: "In what situations are the concepts of honor and dishonor revealed?"

In what situations are the concepts of honor and dishonor revealed? Reflecting on this issue, one cannot but come to the conclusion: both of these concepts are revealed, as a rule, in a situation of moral choice.

So, in wartime, a soldier may face death. He can accept death with dignity, remaining faithful to duty and not tarnishing military honor. At the same time, he may try to save his life by stepping on the path of betrayal.

Let's turn to V. Bykov's story "Sotnikov". We see two partisans captured by the police. One of them, Sotnikov, behaves courageously, endures cruel torture, but does not tell the enemy anything. He retains a sense of his own dignity and, before execution, accepts death with honor. His comrade, Rybak, is trying to save himself by all means. He despised the honor and duty of the defender of the Fatherland and went over to the side of the enemy, became a policeman and even took part in the execution of Sotnikov, knocking the stand from under his feet with his own hand. We see that it is in the face of mortal danger that the true qualities of people manifest themselves. Honor here is loyalty to duty, and dishonor is synonymous with cowardice and betrayal.

The concepts of honor and dishonor are not only revealed in times of war. The need to pass a test of moral strength can arise before anyone, even a child. To preserve honor means to try to protect your dignity and pride, to know dishonor means to endure humiliation and bullying, being afraid to fight back.

V. Aksenov tells about it in the story "Breakfasts of the forty-third year". The narrator regularly fell prey to his stronger classmates, who regularly took away not only breakfast from him, but also any other things he liked: “He took her away from me. He took away everything - everything that was of interest to Him. And not only for me, but for the whole class. " The hero not only felt sorry for the lost, the constant humiliation, the realization of his own weakness was intolerable. He decided to stand up for himself, to resist. And although physically he could not overcome the three overage hooligans, but the moral victory was on his side. An attempt to defend not only his breakfast, but also his honor, to overcome his fear became an important milestone in his growing up, the formation of his personality. The writer brings us to the conclusion: you need to be able to defend your honor.

Summing up what has been said, I would like to express the hope that in any situation we will remember about honor and dignity, will be able to overcome mental weakness, and will not allow ourselves to fall morally.

(363 words)

An example of an essay on the topic: "What does it mean to walk the road of honor?"

What does it mean to walk the road of honor? Let us turn to the explanatory dictionary: "Honor is a person's moral qualities worthy of respect and pride." To walk the dear honor means to defend your moral principles, no matter what. The right path can be fraught with the risk of losing something important: work, health, life itself. Following the path of honor, we must overcome fear of other people and difficult circumstances, sometimes sacrifice a lot in order to defend our honor.

Let us turn to the story of M.A. Sholokhov's "The Fate of a Man". The main character, Andrei Sokolov, was captured. For carelessly spoken words, they were going to shoot him. He could beg for mercy, humiliate himself in front of enemies. Perhaps a weak-minded person would have done so. But the hero is ready to defend the honor of a soldier in the face of death. On the offer of commandant Müller to drink to the victory of German weapons, he refuses and agrees to drink only to his own death as a deliverance from torment. Sokolov behaves confidently and calmly, refuses appetizers, despite the fact that he was hungry. He explains his behavior in the following way: “I wanted them, the damned ones, to show that although I disappear from hunger, I am not going to choke on their handout, that I have my own Russian dignity and pride, and that they did not turn me into cattle, how neither tried. " Sokolov's act aroused respect for him even from the enemy. The German commandant recognized the moral victory of the Soviet soldier and saved his life. The author wants to convey to the reader the idea that even in the face of death it is necessary to preserve honor and dignity.

It is not only the soldier who should walk the path of honor during the war. Each of us must be ready to defend our dignity in difficult situations. Almost every class has its own tyrant - a student who keeps everyone else in fear. Physically strong and violent, he takes pleasure in bullying the weak. What should someone who is constantly faced with humiliation do? To tolerate dishonor or to defend your own dignity? The answer to these questions is given by A. Likhanov in the story "Clean Pebbles". The writer talks about Mikhaska, a student primary school... He more than once became a victim of Savvatey and his cronies. The bully was on duty at the elementary school every morning and robbed the children, taking away everything that he liked. Moreover, he did not miss an opportunity to humiliate his victim: “Sometimes he would snatch a textbook or a notebook out of his bag instead of a bun and throw it into a snowdrift or take it for himself, so that, after a few steps, he would throw it under his feet and wipe his boots on them.” Savvatei specially "was on duty at this particular school, because in elementary school they study until the fourth grade and the guys are all small." Mikhaska has experienced more than once what humiliation means: once Savvatei took from him an album with stamps, which belonged to Mikhaska's father and therefore was especially dear to him, another time the hooligan set fire to his new jacket. True to his principle of humiliating the victim, Savvatey stroked his face with a "dirty, sweaty paw." The author shows that Mikhaska could not tolerate bullying and decided to rebuff a strong and ruthless adversary, before whom the whole school trembled, even adults. The hero grabbed the stone and was ready to hit Savvateya, but suddenly he retreated. I retreated because I felt Mikhaska's inner strength, his readiness to defend his human dignity to the end. The writer focuses our attention on the fact that it was the determination to defend his honor that helped Mikhaska to win a moral victory.

To walk the dear of honor means to stand up to protect others. So, Peter Grinev in the novel by A.S. Pushkin "The Captain's Daughter" fought in a duel with Shvabrin, defending the honor of Masha Mironova. Shvabrin, being rejected, in a conversation with Grinev allowed himself to offend the girl with vile innuendos. Grinev could not stand this. As a decent man, he went to a duel and was ready to die, but to defend the honor of the girl.

Summing up what has been said, I would like to express the hope that each person will have the courage to choose the path of honor.

(582 words)

An example of an essay on the topic: "Honor dearer than life"

In life, situations often arise when we are faced with a choice: to act in accordance with moral rules or to make a deal with conscience, to sacrifice moral principles. It would seem that everyone would have to choose the right path, the path of honor. But this is often not so easy. Especially if the price of the right decision is life. Are we ready to die in the name of honor and duty?

Let us turn to the novel by A.S. Pushkin "The Captain's Daughter". The author talks about the capture Belogorsk fortress Pugachev. The officers had to either swear allegiance to Pugachev, recognizing him as sovereign, or end their lives on the gallows. The author shows what choice his heroes made: Pyotr Grinev, just like the commandant of the fortress and Ivan Ignatievich, showed courage, was ready to die, but not to disgrace the honor of his uniform. He found the courage to tell Pugachev to his face that he could not recognize him as sovereign, refused to change the military oath: “No,” I answered firmly. - I am a natural nobleman; I swore allegiance to the Empress Empress: I cannot serve you. " With all his frankness, Grinev told Pugachev that he might begin to fight against him, fulfilling his duty as an officer: “You know, it’s not my will: if they tell you to go against you, I’ll go, there’s nothing to do. You are now the boss yourself; you yourself demand obedience from your own. What will it be like if I refuse the service when my service is needed? " The hero understands that his honesty can cost him his life, but a feeling of long and honor prevails in him over fear. The sincerity and courage of the hero amazed Pugachev so much that he saved Grinev's life and let him go.

Sometimes a person is ready to defend, not even sparing his own life, not only his honor, but also the honor of loved ones, family. You cannot resignedly endure an insult, even if it was inflicted by a person higher on the social ladder. Dignity and honor are above all.

M.Yu. Lermontov in "Song about Tsar Ivan Vasilyevich, the young oprichnik and daring merchant Kalashnikov." The guardsman of Tsar Ivan the Terrible liked Alena Dmitrievna, the wife of the merchant Kalashnikov. Knowing that she was a married woman, Kiribeyevich still allowed himself to covet her love. The offended woman asks her husband for intercession: "You do not let me, your faithful wife, // To the wicked desecration!" The author emphasizes that the merchant does not doubt for a second what decision to make. Of course, he understands what the confrontation with the tsar's favorite threatens him, but the honest name of the family is dearer even to life itself: And such an offense cannot be tolerated by the soul
Yes, a brave heart cannot endure.
How tomorrow will be a fist fight
On the Moskva River under the Tsar himself,
And then I will go out to the guardsman,
I will fight to the death, to my last strength ...
And indeed, Kalashnikov comes out to fight against Kiribeyevich. For him, this is not a battle for fun, it is a battle for honor and dignity, a battle for life and death:
Don't joke, don't make people laugh
I came out to you, son of a Basurman, -
I went out for a terrible battle, for the last battle!
He knows that the truth is on his side, and is ready to die for it:
I stand up for the truth to the last!
Lermontov shows that the merchant won a victory over Kiribeyevich, washing away the insult with his blood. However, fate prepares him for a new test: Ivan the Terrible orders Kalashnikov to be executed for killing his pet. The merchant could have made excuses, told the king why he killed the oprichnik, but did not do it. After all, it would mean to publicly dishonor the honest name of his wife. He is ready to go to the chopping block, defending the honor of the family, to accept death with dignity. The writer wants to convey to us the idea that there is nothing more important for a person than his dignity, and that he needs to be protected, no matter what.

Summing up what has been said, we can conclude: honor is above everything, even life itself.

(545 words)

An example of an essay on the topic: "To deprive another's honor means to lose one's own"

What is dishonor? On the one hand, this is lack of dignity, weakness of character, cowardice, inability to overcome fear of circumstances or people. On the other hand, dishonor brings on itself and outwardly strong man if he allows himself to denigrate others, or even just mock the weaker, humiliate the defenseless.

So, in the novel by A.S. Pushkin "The Captain's Daughter" Shvabrin, having received a refusal from Masha Mironova, slanders her in revenge, allows himself insulting allusions to her. So, in a conversation with Pyotr Grinev, he claims that it is not necessary to seek Masha's favor with verses, hints at her availability: “... if you want Masha Mironova to come to you at dusk, then instead of gentle rhymes, give her a pair of earrings. My blood boiled.
- Why do you think so of her? I asked, barely holding back my indignation.
“Therefore,” he answered with a hellish grin, “I know from experience her disposition and custom.”
Shvabrin, without hesitation, is ready to tarnish the honor of the girl just because she did not reciprocate. The writer leads us to the idea that a person who acts vile cannot be proud of unblemished honor.

Another example is A. Likhanov's story "Clean Pebbles". A character named Savvatei keeps the whole school in fear. He takes pleasure in humiliating those who are weaker. The bully regularly rob students, mocks them: “Sometimes he would snatch a textbook or a notebook out of his bag instead of a bun and throw it into a snowdrift or take it for himself, so that, after a few steps, he would throw it under his feet and wipe his boots on them.” His favorite technique was to stroke the victim's face with a "dirty, sweaty paw." Even his "sixes" he constantly humiliates: "Savvatey looked at the guy angrily, took him by the nose and pulled him down hard," he "stood next to Sasha, leaning his elbows on his head." By encroaching on the honor and dignity of others, he himself becomes the personification of dishonor.

Summing up what has been said, we can conclude: a person who humiliates or denigrates the good name of other people deprives himself of honor, condemns him to contempt from others.

(313 words)

Approximate essay theses

Sense and Sense. These words will become the main motive. one of the topics at her graduation essay in 2017.

Can be distinguished two directions, which should be discussed on this topic.

1. Struggle in a man of reason and feelings, requiring the obligatory of choice: to act, obeying the surging emotions, or still not to lose your head, to weigh your actions, to be aware of their consequences both for yourself and for those around you.

2) Sense and Sensibility Can Be Allied , harmoniously combine in a person, making him strong, self-confident, able to emotionally react to everything that happens around.

Reflections on the topic: "Sense and Sensibility"

• It is natural for a person to choose: to act rationally, pondering his every step, weighing his words, planning actions, or obeying feelings. These feelings can be very different: from love to hate, from anger to kindness, from rejection to recognition. Feelings are very strong in a person. They can easily take possession of his soul and consciousness.
• What choice to make in a given situation: to submit to feelings, which are often nevertheless selfish, or to listen to the voice of reason? How to avoid an internal conflict between these two "elements"? Everyone must answer these questions himself. And a person also makes a choice independently, a choice on which sometimes not only the future, but also life itself can depend.
• Yes, reason and feeling are often opposed to each other. Whether a person will be able to bring them into harmony, to make the mind reinforced by feelings and vice versa - it depends on the will of the person, on the degree of responsibility, on those moral guidelines that he follows.
• Nature has endowed people with the greatest wealth - reason, gave them the opportunity to experience feelings. Now they themselves must learn to live, being aware of all their actions, but at the same time remaining sensitive, able to feel joy, love, kindness, attention, not to succumb to anger, hostility, envy and other negative feelings.
• One more thing is important: a person who lives only by feelings, in fact, is not free. He subordinated himself to them, to these emotions and feelings, whatever they were: love, envy, anger, greed, fear and others. He is weak and even easily controlled by others, those who want to take advantage of this dependence of a person on feelings for their own selfish and selfish purposes. Therefore, feelings and reason should exist in harmony, so that feelings help a person to see the whole gamut of shades in everything, and the mind should correctly, adequately respond to this, not to drown in the abyss of feelings.
• Learning to live in harmony between your feelings and your mind is very important. A strong personality who lives according to the laws of morality and ethics is capable of this. And you do not need to listen to the opinion of some people that the world of reason is boring, one-sided, uninteresting, and the world of feelings is all-embracing, beautiful, bright. Harmony of mind and feelings will give a person immeasurably more in the knowledge of the world, in the awareness of oneself, in the perception of life in general.