1892 - 1914
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1892 - late autumn
Grigory Panteleevich was born on the Tatarsky farm in the Vyoshenskaya village of the Don Cossack Region in a Cossack family. At the time of his birth, he was the second son and child in the family of a retired senior officer of the Life Guards Ataman Regiment. The elder brother Peter was born in 1886
1899 - approximate date
Birth of Evdokia, younger sister of Gregory and Peter
1911 - end of February
Pancake week
Grigory takes part in a wall-to-wall fight between the married couple and the unmarried on the side of the latter. Neighbor Astakhov felt sorry for Grigory when he ran away and did not beat him to death
1912 - May
Grigory begins attempts to get closer to Astakhov's wife, who is called up for military training.
1912 - June
Grigory and Aksinya Astakhova become lovers
1912 - July
Stepan Astakhov returns home. The fight between the Melekhov brothers and Stepan because of Aksinya
1912 - August 1 (old style)
Gregory is brought together with Natalya Korshunova, who is betrothed to him, the day of their wedding is appointed
1912 - early August
Grigory breaks off relations with Aksinya
1912 - September 28 (old style)
Grigory explains with Natalya and tells her that he does not love her and will not live with her family
1912 - early October
Grigory accidentally meets Aksinya and they realize that they cannot live without each other.
1912 - mid-December
Grigory takes the military oath in the village of Vyoshenskaya. The next day, after a stormy explanation with his father, Grigory leaves his wife and leaves his parental home. Soon he is hired as an assistant groom to the landowner Listnitsky in the Yagodny estate. Natalia goes to live with her parents
1912 - end of December
Grigory, through the sister of a friend, tells Aksinya where he is and offers to leave him from her husband. Aksinya runs away from home
1913 - April 12 (old style)
Palm Sunday
Grigory fell through the ice while crossing the Don, because of a cold, abscesses appear on his back
1913 - April 19 (old style)
Holy Sunday of Christ
Grigory refuses Natalya's request to return to her, sent through a note. Natalya tries to commit suicide, gets severe wounds and mutilation, but remains alive
1913 - May
Grigory, at the request of the son of the landowner Listnitsky, receives exemption from military training before being called up for service
1913 - July
Grigory and Aksinya have a daughter, Tanya
1913 - end of November
Natalia is recovering from her wounds
1913 - November 26 (old style)
Gregory is called up for military service. Due to boils on his back and "wildness" of facial features, Gregory is assigned to the 12th Don Cossack Regiment, and not to the Life Guards Ataman Regiment. The commission rejected Grigory's horse and he had to take on the service of his brother's horse.
1914 - early January
Grigory arrived in the regiment stationed in the town of Radzivilov, Volyn province, on the border with the Austro-Hungarian Empire. From the first days of service, he makes it clear to the sergeant that he will not allow himself to be beaten
1914 - February
The child of Peter and Daria Melekhov dies of an illness
1914 - March
Natalya Korshunova went to live with Grigory's parents
1914 - end of June
Grigory's regiment was redeployed for maneuvers in the Rivne region
1914 - July 21 (old style)
After being transferred to railway, Gregory's regiment marches and at noon crosses the border of Austria-Hungary. In the area of the town of Leshniuv, the regiment enters the battle, in which Grigory kills two soldiers of the Austrian army
1914 - end of July, August, beginning of September
Gregory, as part of his regiment, participates in battles and skirmishes with the Austrian army. At the end of August, the regiment was withdrawn from the line of battle for rest and replenishment for three days.
1914 - August 29 (old style)
In the battle near Shevel, the son of the landowner Listnitsky was seriously wounded
1914 - early September
Grigory's daughter dies of scarlet fever in Yagodnoye
1914 - September 15 (old style)
In a battle with the Hungarian cavalry near the town of Kamenka-Strumilov, Grigory is wounded in the head and contused. He loses consciousness and remains surrounded on the battlefield. In part, he is considered dead and a notice is sent to his relatives. Waking up at night, Grigory finds the seriously wounded commander of the 9th Dragoon Regiment, and carries him on himself to the location of the Russian units
1914 - September 18 (old style)
Grigory arbitrarily leaves the dressing station for his unit. For saving the life of a wounded officer, he is awarded the St. George Cross of the IV degree and promoted to order *
* - rank in the Cossack troops, corresponds to the rank of corporal
1914 - September 21 (old style)
During a raid by an Austrian airplane, Grigory's eye was damaged and he was sent to Moscow for treatment.
1914 - end of September
In Yagodnoye, the son of the landowner Listnitsky comes on vacation after being wounded. Evgeny Listnitsky and Aksinya become lovers
1914 - end of September, October
Grigory is being treated at the eye clinic of Dr. Kiselyov (Moscow, Kolpachny lane, 1), then a wound on his head opens and he is transferred to a combined arms hospital
1914 - end of October
Under the influence of conversations with one of the wounded, Grigory thinks about the reasons for the ongoing war and about who benefits from it. He dares the delegation visiting the hospital with members of the imperial family and, after being discharged, receives a leave to his homeland
1914 - November 4/5 (old style)
At night, Grigory arrives in Yagodnoye and learns about Aksinya's betrayal. In the morning he beats Eugene and returns to his wife in the parental home
1914 - end of November
Grigory returns to the regiment after a vacation
At the beginning of the story, young Gregory - a real Cossack, a brilliant horseman, hunter, fisherman and hardworking rural worker - is quite happy and carefree. The traditional Cossack commitment to military glory helps him out in the first trials on the bloody battlefields in 1914. Distinguished by exceptional courage, Gregory quickly gets used to bloody battles. However, he is distinguished from his brothers in arms by his sensitivity to any manifestation of cruelty. To any violence against the weak and defenseless, and as events unfold - also a protest against the horrors and absurdities of war. In fact, he spends his whole life in an environment of hatred and fear that is alien to him, becoming hardened and discovering with disgust how all his talent, his entire being goes into the dangerous skill of creating death. He has no time to be at home, in the family, among people who love him.
All this cruelty, dirt, violence made Gregory take a fresh look at life: in the hospital where he was after being wounded, under the influence of revolutionary propaganda, doubts about loyalty to the tsar, fatherland and military duty appear.
In the seventeenth year, we see Gregory in chaotic and painful attempts to somehow decide in this "troubled time." He searches for political truth in a world of rapidly changing values, guided more often by the external signs of events than by their essence.
At first he fights for the Reds, but their killing of unarmed prisoners repels him, and when the Bolsheviks come to his beloved Don, doing robbery and violence, he fights them with cold fury. And again, Gregory's search for truth does not find an answer. They turn into the greatest drama of a man completely lost in the cycle of events.
The deep forces of Gregory's soul repel him from both the Reds and the Whites. “They are all the same!? he says to his childhood friends leaning towards the Bolsheviks.? All of them are a yoke around the neck of the Cossacks! And when he learns about the rebellion of the Cossacks in the upper reaches of the Don against the Red Army, he takes the side of the rebels. Now he can fight for what is dear to him, for what he loved and cherished all his life: “As if there were no days of searching for the truth, searches, transitions and heavy internal struggle behind him. What was there to think about? Why did the soul rush about? in search of a way out, in resolving contradictions? Life seemed mocking, wisely simple. Now it already seemed to him that from eternity there was no such truth in it, under the wing of which anyone could warm up, and embittered to the extreme, he thought: everyone has his own truth, his own furrow. For a piece of bread, for a plot of land, for the right to life - people have always fought and will fight as long as the sun shines on them, while warm blood oozes through their veins. We must fight those who want to take life, right for it; you have to fight hard, without swinging,? like in the wall but the intensity of hatred, firmness will give the struggle!
Both a return to the dominance of officers in the event of a victory for the Whites, and the power of the Reds on the Don are unacceptable for Grigory. In the last volume of the novel, the demotion as a result of insubordination to a White Guard officer, the death of his wife, and the final defeat of the White Army bring Gregory to the last degree of despair. In the end, he joins the cavalry of Budyonny and heroically fights with the Poles, wanting to clear himself of his guilt before the Bolsheviks. But for Gregory there is no salvation in Soviet reality, where even neutrality is considered a crime. With bitter mockery, he tells the former orderly that he envies Koshevoy and the White Guard Litsvitsky: “It was clear to them from the very beginning, but everything is still unclear to me. They both have their own, straight roads, their own ends, and since the seventeenth year I have been walking along the forks, swinging like a drunk ... "
The tragedy of Grigory Melekhov is the tragedy of the Russian Cossacks as a whole. The Cossacks never broke their hats to anyone, they lived apart, isolated from the rest of the world, I feel some of my exclusivity, peculiarity and strive to preserve it. Both whites and reds for the majority of ordinary Cossacks are “non-residents” who brought discord and war to the Don land. Whichever side the Cossacks fought on, they want one thing: to return to their native farm, to their wife and children, to plow the land, to run their own household.
One night, under the threat of arrest, and therefore the inevitable execution, Grigory flees from his native farm. After long wanderings, yearning for children and Aksinya, he secretly returns. Aksinya hugs him, presses her face against his wet overcoat, sobs: “Better kill, but don’t leave!”. Having begged his sister to take the children, he and Aksinya flee at night in the hope of getting to the Kuban and starting new life. Enthusiastic joy fills the soul of this woman at the thought that she is again next to Gregory. But her happiness is short-lived: on the way they are caught by a horse outpost, and they rush into the night, pursued by bullets flying after them. When they find shelter in the ravine, Grigory buries his Aksinya: “With his palms, he diligently pressed wet, yellow clay on the grave mound and knelt near the grave for a long time, bowing his head, gently swaying. Now there was no need for him to rush. It was all over…”
Hiding for weeks in the thicket of the forest, Grigory is experiencing an increasingly strong desire “to be like ... in his native places, to show off at the kids, then he could die ...” He returns to his native farm.
Having touchingly described Grigory's meeting with his son, Sholokhov ends his novel with the words: “Well, that little thing that Grigory dreamed about during sleepless nights has come true. He stood at the gate home holding his son in his arms. It was all that remained in his life, which still made him related to the earth and to all this huge world shining under the cold sun.
Gregory did not have long to enjoy this joy. Obviously, he came back to die. To perish from communist necessity in the person of Mikhail Koshevoy. In a novel full of cruelty, executions and murders, Sholokhov wisely lowers the curtain on this last episode. And meanwhile, a whole human life. The biography of Grigory by Sholokhov is quite voluminous. Gregory lived, in the full sense of the word, when his life idyll was not disturbed in any way.
He loved and was loved, he lived an extraordinary worldly life on his native farm and was satisfied. He always tried to do the right thing, and if not - well, every person has the right to make a mistake. Many moments of Gregory's life in the novel are a kind of "escape" from events that are beyond the power of his mind. The passion of Gregory's searches is most often replaced by a return to himself, to natural life, to his home. But at the same time, one cannot say that life quest Gregory reached a dead end, no. He had real love, and fate did not deprive him of the opportunity to be a happy father. But Gregory was forced to constantly look for a way out of the difficult situations that had arisen. Speaking of moral choice Gregory in life, it is impossible to say unequivocally whether his choice was always really the only true and correct one. But he was almost always guided by his own principles and beliefs, trying to find a better share in life, and this desire was not a simple desire to "live the best." It was sincere and affected the interests not only of himself, but also of many people close to him, in particular the woman he loved. Despite the fruitless aspirations in life, Gregory was happy, although for a very short time. But even these short minutes of much-needed happiness were enough. They did not disappear in vain, just as Grigory Melekhov did not live his life in vain. There is no particular fault of Gregory in the way his fate turned out: he did not choose the burden in which to live. But one thing can be said: Melekhov is broken, but not broken, crippled, but not disfigured by the war, like Mitka Korshunov or Fomin. He did not prevaricate, and if he went against his conscience somewhere, then he paid the price for it to the end. And Mishatka, sitting in his father's arms, is the best reward for everything from an unkind fate. M. Sholokhov, like Tolstoy, emphasizes the decisive role of the people in history.
Describing his idea for the image of the protagonist of The Quiet Flows the Don, M. Sholokhov wrote: “I wanted to talk about the charm of a person in Grigory Melekhov, but I didn’t succeed completely.” It did not succeed, as it seems to us, not because of the lack of skill (the writer perfectly understood the scale of the figure he created), but because of the fact that in him human spirit rose to the heights of perfection and descended to the depths of despair. The path of Grigory Melekhov to the ideal of true life is a tragic path of gains, mistakes and losses, which was passed by the entire Russian people in the 20th century.
Lesson topic : The path of searching Grigory Melekhov.
(based on the novel by M. Sholokhov " Quiet Don»)
Lesson type – conference (lesson of generalization and systematization of knowledge).
Technology: communicative (at the stage of lesson preparation - research).
Goals:
Educational: consider the panorama of the life of the Don people in the tragic moments of history and note how historical events affected people's lives using the example of the hero Grigory Melekhov.
Developing: develop skills independent work with the text and additional literature and the ability to express their thoughts about what they read.
Educational : to cultivate love for the motherland, native land and the historical heritage of their people.
Equipment: literary texts, portraits of the writer and the protagonist, a map of the Rostov region, the scheme "The Path of Searches of Grigory Melekhov", multimedia tools.
Lesson stages :
Organizational moment: Greeting, introduction of specialists (literary critics, historians, geographers, creative team),
Introduction:
The word of the teacher about the journey;
Verse. “A person needs little” by R. Rozhdestvensky.
Main part:
A word about the writer;
H. Tatarsky - collective locality;
About the Melekhov family;
About the main character;
Military service;
In the First World War;
Into the revolution
Civil War;
Participation in the Upper Don uprising;
At the Reds;
In Fomin's gang;
Soul emptiness, return home;
Teacher: Guys, today we are having an unusual lesson - a lesson - a journey. Do you love to travel? What happens to a person while traveling?
Answer : Meetings are interesting, unforgettable; learning something new, useful; experience of feelings of joy, surprise, admiration.
We will make virtual journey and will be carried out by experts. You guys will try yourself in a new role, in the role of historians, literary critics, geographers. We also have a creative team: Sergey Kabargin, Evgeny Chebotarev, who prepared slides and videos. We have everything for the work of beginners.
The singularity of the journey lies in the fact that it is a journey through a wonderful book and literary places. We will make it along the path of life and the fate of not only the main character, but also the entire Don Cossacks, whose descendants we are.
We have a secret question that we will have to answer at the end of the journey: what is hidden under this circle? Maybe someone already guessed? (student answers) This question will be a riddle that we will answer at the end of the lesson.
So guys, what is the most important thing about traveling?
Answer : Homecoming.
Teacher : Of course, the main thing is the way home.
Let's start work: a word - to literary critics.
The poem "A person needs little" R. Rozhdestvensky .
A person needs little:
To seek and find.
To have to start
One friend and one enemy...
A person needs little...
So that the path leads along.
So that my mother lives in the world.
How long does she need - she lived ...
A person needs little:
After thunder, silence
Blue patch of fog
One life. And one death...
Small reward.
low pedestal.
A person needs little.
If only someone was waiting at home.
Teacher : Guys, you already understood that we will make a trip with the main character of the novel "Quiet Flows the Don" Grigory Melekhov, and M.A. Sholokhov wrote this brilliant work. And we set off from the home of Mikhail Alexandrovich, a wonderful Don Cossack, famous writer and just a man in love with his land! And the more talented the writer, the more truthful his path.
Geographer: So, Kruzhilin farm. (show on the map)
Historians: M.A. was born Sholokhov in 1905 in x. Kruzhilin of the village of Veshenskaya, Donetsk district (now it is the Sholokhov district of the Rostov region). His childhood passed in St. Karginskaya: here he studied, here he began to write his first literary works. From here he volunteered for the Civil War.
Then in peacetime there was work in Moscow. In 1926 Mikhail Alexandrovich begins to work on the novel Quiet Flows the Don, often visiting his native places: x. Kruzhilin, Art. Bazkovskaya, Veshenskaya. In Bazki, he sometimes spent the night talking with Kharlampy Yermakov, the prototype of Grigory Melekhov, our guide on today's journey.
How much in common in the fate of a real Cossack, Kharlampy Ermakov, and literary hero, Grigory Melekhov. Even in origin: Ermakov's grandmother is a Turkish woman, brought from Turkey by her grandfather - a participant in the war of 1877-1878. And so the grandson - Kharlampy was swarthy in the oriental way, humpbacked, the villagers called him "gypsy". This description in the novel corresponds to our hero.
Teacher: The next stop of our journey is in a literary place.
Literary critics: The action of the novel begins in x.Tatarsky. This is a purely literary farm, but it exists in the work among real farms and villages. Let's try to locate it. According to Sholokhov, x. Tatarsky - near the Don, on the shore, "the gates from the cattle base lead north, to the Don." The Don is located to the north only in relation to the right-bank farms. So x. Tatar on the right bank. Residents of ancient farms have long been arguing about which farm is described in the novel by M.A. Sholokhov. Some say x. Tatar is x. Kalininsky, others claim that this is x. Bazkovsky. And yet x. Tatarsky is a collective settlement.
Teacher: The beginning of the book is very poetic.
Literary critics: “Melekhovsky yard is on the very edge of the farm. The gates from the cattle base lead north to the Don. A steep eight-yard descent between moss-covered chalk blocks, and here is the shore: a mother-of-pearl scattering of shells, a gray broken border of pebbles kissed by waves, and further - the stirrup of the Don boiling under the winds with blued ripples ”- these are the sing-along lines of the great novel. Melekhovsky kuren, standing on the edge of the Tatarsky farm, turned out to be at the very center of the events of world and Russian history, since the waves of life widely diverge from it and converge to it from everywhere.
Literary critics : Among the waves of the raging sea of folk life, the writer chose the Melekhov family. It is not better than others, but it is from the very depths, the true heir of what has been accumulated over the centuries, it contains human spiritual riches. That is why it is good in the circle of the Melekhov family: it is simple, reliable, confident and interesting with them, although you have to work from morning to night, and there are many surprises, and there are scalding explosions. And at the same time, what a comforting sense of security, a feeling of home!
Literary critics: Here the childhood and youth of the protagonist of the novel passed. Here he grew up, matured, learned to grow bread, mow hay, became a good Cossack. Here he met his first love - married Aksinya. In this farm he started his family, by the will of his father, Pantelei Prokofievich, married the kind and decent Natalya Korshunova. Already before the wedding, Grigory realized that his fate was Aksinya, and he realized that Natalya was unloved. Therefore, having lived a little with his wife, he leaves with Aksinya to the Yagodnoye estate, which is not far from x. Tatarsky. Here they are hired as workers to the rich landowner Listnitsky.
Teacher: And help, please, historians-geographers.
geographers : The Yagodnoye estate is also fictitious literary title, but historians tell us that this fictitious name means x. Yasenovka.
Geographers: We travel further: the brightest and favorite place of the Cossacks -stanitsa Veshenskaya .
Historians: Art. Veshenskaya is rightfully considered one of the oldest and most beautiful Cossack villages, the banks of which are washed by the clear waters of the father - the Don. It was moved from the place of the Chigonatskaya village devastated under Peter 1 and renamed Veshenskaya. Here, before the service, Grigory Melekhov took the oath of allegiance to the Tsar and the Fatherland.
And before that, the old Cossack gives instructions (commandments of the Cossack):« If you want to be alive, to get out of a mortal battle whole, you need to observe human truth. Do not take someone else's in the war - once. God forbid touching women, and even know such a prayer.
In these testaments of antiquity there are also humane words about the attitude towards a woman, and that the army should not engage in robbery and violence.
Literary critics : It was a matter of honor for the whole family to see off a soldier in the army with dignity, so Pantelei Prokofievich, having swallowed the insult, comes to Yagodnoye to Grigory and brings to the right: two overcoats, a saddle, trousers, and Grigory is very worried: “Christmas is coming, but he had nothing ready".
Historians-geographers : On the eve of the First World War, Gregory was drafted into the imperial army. “From the Chertkovo station (this old station is named after the Army ataman Mikhail Ivanovich Chertkov and is located on the border of the Rostov region and Ukraine), the Cossacks of urgent service were transported by a train loaded with Cossacks, horses and fodder to Voronezh, and then Western Ukraine, where it began military service. And soon the protagonist was found here and the outbreak of the First World War.
(reading an episode of the novel)
Literary critics : In a small Western Ukrainian town - Leshnev, Grigory was destined to participate in the first battle and kill a man, an Austrian soldier for the first time: horror eyes. The Austrian was bending his knees slowly, a gurgling wheezing buzzing in his throat. Frowning, Grigory waved his saber. A blow with a long pull split the skull in two. The Austrian fell, sticking out his arms, as if he had slipped; the half of the cranium thumped against the stone of the pavement. The horse jumped, snoring, carried Gregory to the middle of the street.
This was the first combat attack in which Melekhov took part, the first battle and the first person he killed - an unnamed Austrian soldier.
Literary critics: For the first time, Gregory felt with all his heart the wild, terrible absurdity of the massacre, the need to kill people who did not bring him the slightest harm, the same as he, yesterday's farmers or workers. It was not easy for him to forget that August day ... Grigory Melekhov ... he hardly grinded his inner pain, often on campaigns and on vacation, in his sleep and in his slumber he seemed to see an Austrian, the one he had cut down at the grate.
It was the "hard science of war", after which the hero matures and becomes a brave warrior, defender of the Fatherland.
Literary critics : The war continues. In one of the battles, the wounded Gregory saves the life of an officer-commander, for which he was presented with an award - the St. George Cross.
Historians:
Here, in the war, for the first time he heard about the injustice of the existing system. The idea of overthrowing the tsarist government sounded more and more often. And although the Don Cossack Region lived autonomously, and the Cossacks were free people, Grigory had his first doubts. He also recalled a conversation with the machine gunner Garanzha, who spoke about unknown “truths hitherto, exposing the true causes of the war, caustically ridiculing autocratic power.”
Literary critic - geographer : After the second wound, Grigory is sent for treatment to the village of Kamenskaya. Now it is the modern city of Kamensk-Shakhtinsky. After the hospital - a short vacation home in x. Tatar. Here he is greeted with love and respect not only by relatives and friends, but also by Cossack villagers. And thoughts about new government Bolsheviks, about a new life are scattered in the head of Gregory. He returns to the front again. At the end of 1916, Grigory Melekhov was promoted to cornet for military distinctions and appointed a platoon officer.
Historians: But here comes the tragic, for our hero and for the entire Don Cossacks, 1917. The October Revolution (formerly referred to as the Great October Socialist Revolution) took place.
Geographer: The city of Novocherkassk was the center of the Don Cossack Region, and in 1918 it became the center of attraction for all those who fled from the Bolshevik revolution. Here, on the Don, where Aleksey Maksimovich Kaledin was commander-in-chief, the surviving White Guard generals and officers come. They decide that it is necessary to protect the freedom-loving and independent Don from the new power of the Bolsheviks. And the Cossacks were divided in two. The civil fratricidal war began. With her flame, she engulfed the entire Region of the Don Cossacks. Especially fierce battles were near Kamensk, in the area of the village. Deep, Chertkovo, Millerovo, near Rostov, Novocherkassk and, of course, on the Upper Don. (show on the map)
Historians : Returning from the war as a "cavalier of the cross", Grigory after the revolution takes the side of the Reds, participates in the overthrow of the Regional Government of General A.M. Kaledin. And only the innocent blood of the captured Chernetsov officers killed by Podtelkov forced Gregory to move away from the active struggle for Soviet power on the Don. In the spring of 1919, the Upper Don uprising broke out, Grigory reluctantly takes part in it, but gradually this struggle turns for him into a fierce struggle for the Motherland, for the Don. Ruthlessly, Grigory cracks down on the Red Army soldiers, avenges his murdered brother. The hero experiences a terrible shock after one of the attacks, where he hacked four sailors. In hysterics, he shouts: “Brothers, there is no forgiveness for me! Whom did he cut! Gregory cannot justify himself for his blind hatred of the Reds.
Literary critics: Why is the hero going through such a shock? Maybe because “whether you work with your own people or with strangers, it is equally difficult if the work is not in your conscience.” A fratricidal war - this is "work not in conscience." Gregory thought a lot about the injustice he was facing at that time, about the senselessness and hopelessness of this armed struggle into which he was drawn.And what was mature, what was gradually accumulating in consciousness, in his soul, broke through into a decision: to voluntarily surrender to the Red Army and join its ranks.He became a fighter of the 14th division, which was part of the cavalry army under the command of Budyonny. They raided Ukraine, fought in the Crimea, liberated Simferopol and Sevastopol.
Literary critics : The last part of the novel is the autumn of the twentieth year. Grigory, a demobilized red commander, came to x. Tatar. Here Grigory Melekhov was destined to drink to the bottom the bitter cup of suffering (of the entire large Melekhov family, only Dunyashka, sister, and children, Polyushka and Mishatka, as Grigory affectionately calls them), the bitter cup of tragic delusions and mistakes remained.He fled from his native farm, joined Fomin's gang, scoured the Don lands with her, fleeing from the Red Cavalry. Here, on the Don, the hero realizes: he has fought, he is tired, death is not terrible, he is not afraid of anyone, but there is only one thought: home. He understands that the most valuable thing is home, family, love. Grigory left the remnants of the defeated gang, secretly made his way into x. Tatar, to run with Aksinya, even to the ends of the world.
Teacher: Let us mentally follow the two fugitives.
Literary critics: At a halt, Aksinya asks Grigory:
Where are we going from here?
To Morozovskaya, - answers Grigory. - We will reach Platov, and from there we will go on foot.
geographers : Morozovskaya is our railway station, and x. Platov still exists, retaining its old name.
Literary critics: On the very first night, Grigory and Aksinya reached Sukhoi Log: about eight versts from Tatarsky. We spent the day in the forest and, when night fell, we were on our way again.
Two hours later the paths descended from the hillock to Chir.(The geographer shows the Chir River).
Here the last tragedy broke out: the night travelers came across the outpost of the food detachment, tried to hide, but a stray bullet found Aksinya in the darkness. He buried her in the bright morning light. Grigory said goodbye to her, firmly believing that they would not part for long ... With his palms, he diligently pressed the damp yellow clay on the grave mound and knelt near the grave for a long time, bowing his head, gently swaying. There was no need for him to rush now. Its end.
Teacher: The beginning and end of the book echo .
Literary critics:
“Melekhovsky yard is on the very edge of the farm. The gates from the cattle base lead north to the Don. A steep eight-yard descent between moss-covered chalk boulders, and here is the shore: a mother-of-pearl scattering of shells, a gray broken border of pebbles kissed by waves, and further on - the stirrup of the Don boiling under the winds with blued ripples.
On this very descent to the Don, ten years later (and it seems to us - after a whole life) Grigory meets his son Mishatka. “Well, that little thing that Gregory dreamed about during sleepless nights came true. He stood at the gate of his native house and held his son in his arms ...
It was all that remained in his life, which still made him related to the earth and to all this huge world shining under the cold sun.
A person needs little.
If only someone was waiting at home.
Teacher : Guys, in addition to the geographical map, there is also a diagram in front of you. Reading the novel, we compiled it in previous lessons. And now let's look at it carefully and try to name it, determine the topic of our scheme and the topic of our lesson..
- The way of searching Grigory Melekhov. (children answer).
In conclusion, I would like to say that all the feelings, all the experiences that we experienced when we got acquainted with the novel are reflected in the poem by N. Skrebov:
On the road from Bazkov to Vyosheki
I heard a crane cry.
And he said that he was taking me to the ferry
On the state farm gazik the old man:
Crane shares sadness
Feels a restless flight:
Do you hear, as if at the death of Natalya
The children are calling goodbye ... -
We don't say a word anymore
And are there any more words needed?
If you suddenly remember again
This pain that has been alive since childhood,
This unforgiving grief
This life is a crumpled end ...
And you are silent, as Gregory was silent,
Remembering the sorrow of offended hearts.
And rises - page after page -
The epic of that old war.
And the village seems quiet
From the opposite side.
And the cries of the cranes cease.
And crosses our ferry
Quiet Don, not quiet for a long time
In a figurative and direct sense.
Conclusion. We talked a lot about the hero, his path, doubts and suffering. What is he? Grigory Melekhov - Cossack, man.
Guys, what does this question mean?
Before you are printed the character traits of our hero, and, consequently, the writer himself - M.A. Sholokhov. Choose those that are characteristic of Grigory Melekhov.
Kind Cossack, desperate courage, truthfulness, delusion, cruelty, respect for elders, love for home, children, diligence.
And now we turn the circle over, and what do we see? -I
Simple as that. What will I be anywayI ?
Student responses...
D.z. Write a mini-essay "Grigory Melekhov - a good Cossack."
In conclusion, I want to thank all the experts who prepared our lesson. All excellent marks. And special thanks to the geographers who so accurately marked the historical places on the map. Look, guys, and how rich our region is in literary places. So this is only according to the novel by M.A. Sholokhov.
The journey is over. Have a good journey (journey) through life with the commandments of real Cossacks.
4. Conclusion:
impression of the novel read;
Return to topic;
What character traits did main character?
Used educational resources:
M.A. Sholokhov. Quiet Don
V. Akimov. "On the winds of time", 1981
Truth and lies about M.A. Sholokhov, Rostov-on-Don: Rostizdat LLC, 2004
Sholokhov in modern world, ed. Leningrad University, 1977
Internet resources: slides, video - Yandex site.
"Quiet Don" is a work that shows the life of the Don Cossacks in one of the most difficult historical periods in Russia. The realities of the first third of the twentieth century, which turned the whole habitual way of life upside down, like caterpillars drove through the fate of the common people. Through life path Grigory Melekhov in the novel "The Quiet Flows the Don" Sholokhov reveals the main idea of the work, which is to depict the clash of the individual and those who are not dependent on him. historical events, his wounded fate.
The struggle between duty and feelings
At the beginning of the work, the protagonist is shown as a hardworking guy with a hot temper, which he inherited from his ancestors. Cossack and even Turkish blood flowed in him. Oriental roots endowed Grishka with a bright appearance that could turn the head of more than one Don beauty, and the Cossack stubbornness, in places bordering on stubbornness, ensured the stamina and steadfastness of his character.
On the one hand, he shows respect and love for his parents, on the other hand, he does not listen to their opinion. The first conflict between Gregory and his parents happens because of his love affair with a married neighbor Aksinya. To end the sinful connection between Aksinya and Grigory, his parents decide to marry him. But their choice in the role of the sweet and meek Natalya Korshunova did not solve the problem, but only exacerbated it. Despite the official marriage, love for his wife did not appear, and for Aksinya, who, tormented by jealousy, was increasingly looking for a meeting with him, only flared up.
The blackmail of his father with his house and property forced the hot and impulsive Gregory to leave the farm, his wife, relatives in his hearts and leave with Aksinya. Because of his act, the proud and adamant Cossack, whose family from time immemorial cultivated their own land and grew their own bread, had to become a mercenary, which made Grigory ashamed and disgusted. But he now had to answer both for Aksinya, who had left her husband because of him, and for the child she was carrying.
War and betrayal of Aksinya
A new misfortune was not long in coming: the war began, and Gregory, who swore allegiance to the sovereign, was forced to leave both the old and the new family and recover at the front. In his absence, Aksinya remained in the master's house. The death of her daughter and news from the front about the death of Grigory crippled the woman's strength, and she was forced to succumb to the onslaught of the centurion Listnitsky.
Coming from the front and learning about Aksinya's betrayal, Grigory returns to his family again. For some period, his wife, relatives and soon appeared twins delight him. But the troubled time on the Don, associated with the Revolution, did not allow them to enjoy family happiness.
Ideological and personal doubts
In the novel "Quiet Flows the Don", the path of Grigory Melekhov is full of quests, doubts and contradictions both in political terms and in love. He constantly rushed about, not knowing where the truth was: “Everyone has his own truth, his own furrow. People have always fought for a piece of bread, for a plot of land, for the right to life. We must fight those who want to take life, the right to it ... ". He decided to lead the Cossack division and repair the pillars of the advancing Reds. However, the longer the Civil War continued, the more Gregory doubted the correctness of his choice, the more clearly he understood that the Cossacks were waging war with windmills. The interests of the Cossacks and his native land no one was interested.
The same model of behavior is typical in the personal life of the protagonist of the work. Over time, he forgives Aksinya, realizing that he cannot live without her love and takes him to the front. After he sends her home, where she is forced to once again return to her husband. Arriving on a visit, he looks at Natalya with different eyes, appreciating her devotion and loyalty. He was drawn to his wife, and this intimacy culminated in the conception of a third child.
But again the passion for Aksinya took over him. His last betrayal led to the death of his wife. Gregory drowns his remorse and the impossibility of resisting feelings in the war, becoming cruel and merciless: “I got so smeared on someone else’s blood that I didn’t have any stings left for anyone. Childhood - and I almost do not regret this one, but I don’t even think about myself. The war took everything out of me. I became terrible myself. Look into my soul, and there is blackness, as in an empty well ... ".
Alien among their own
The loss of loved ones and the retreat sobered Gregory, he understands: you need to be able to save what he has left. He takes Aksinya with him on his retreat, but due to typhus, he is forced to leave her.
He again begins to search for the truth and finds himself in the Red Army, taking command of a cavalry squadron. However, even participation in hostilities on the side of the Soviets will not wash away Grigory's past, stained by the white movement. He is threatened with execution, about which his sister Dunya warned him. Taking Aksinya, he makes an attempt to escape, during which the woman he loves is killed. Having fought for his land and on the side of the Cossacks and the Reds, he remained a stranger among his own.
The path of Grigory Melekhov's search in the novel is the fate of a simple man who loved his land, but lost everything that he had and appreciated, protecting it for the life of the next generation, which in the finale is personified by his son Mishatka.
Artwork test
At the beginning of the story, young Grigory - a real Cossack, a brilliant horseman, hunter, fisherman and hardworking rural worker - is quite happy and carefree. He is a rebel by nature, does not tolerate violence against himself. And now he is almost forcibly married. Grigory and Natalya live outwardly peacefully, but this is only outwardly. He is weighed down by his unloved wife, she feels it and suffers silently. But it couldn't go on like this for long. The rebellion that had been brewing in Grigory's soul from the day of the wedding broke out.
Sholokhov endows Grigory with a sensitive soul. It is revealed in the history of his relationship with two women Aksinya and Natalya. His love for Aksinya, full of dramatic moments, shocks with its strength and depth.
By the time the First World War began, we see a different Gregory. This is no longer the carefree young man. “Both the one and the other,” Aksinya thinks the night before Grigory leaves for the army. Already another person, oppressed by painful thoughts, rides in a soldier's carriage. The traditional Cossack commitment to military duty helps him out in the first trials on the bloody battlefields in 1914. He is distinguished from brothers in arms by his sensitivity to all manifestations of cruelty, to any violence against the weak and defenseless ... The war forced Grigory to take a fresh look at life: in the hospital where he is after being wounded, under the influence of revolutionary propaganda, he has doubts about loyalty to the tsar, fatherland and military duty. In the civil war, Melekhov is at first on the side of the Reds, but their murder of unarmed prisoners repels him, and when the Bolsheviks come to his beloved Don, committing robberies and violence, he fights them with cold fury. And again, Gregory's search for truth does not find an answer. They turn into the greatest drama of a man completely lost in the cycle of events. “They are all the same,” he says to his childhood friends leaning towards the Bolsheviks, “They are all a yoke on the face of the Cossacks!”
But among the white officers, Grigory feels like a stranger. In the end, he joins the cavalry of Budyonny and heroically fights with the Poles, wanting to cleanse himself of his war before the Bolsheviks. But for Gregory there is no salvation in Soviet reality, where even neutrality is considered a crime. With bitter mockery, he tells the former orderly that he envies Koshevoy and the White Guard Listnitsky: “It was clear to them from the very beginning, but everything is still unclear to me. They both have their own, straight roads, their own ends, and since 1917 I have been walking along the forks, swinging like a drunk ... "
Under the threat of arrest, and, consequently, the inevitable execution, Grigory, together with Aksinya, flees from his native farm in the hope of making his way to the Kuban and starting a new life. But their happiness is short-lived. On the way, they are caught by a horse outpost, and they rush into the night, pursued by bullets flying after them. Grigory buries his Aksinya. “Now there was no need for him to rush. It was all over…”
Speaking about the moral choice of Gregory in life, it is impossible to say unequivocally whether his choice was always really the only true and correct one. But he was almost always guided by his own principles and beliefs, trying to find a better path in life, and this desire of his was not a simple desire to "live the best." It affected the interests not only of himself, but also of many people close to him. Despite the fruitless aspirations in life, Gregory was happy, although not for a very long time. But these short moments of happiness were enough. They did not disappear in vain, just as Grigory Melekhov did not live his life in vain.