A little background. At the Department of History of Medicine we were given the task of visiting the Historical Museum, presenting a ticket and describing any 5 items we liked. According to the old student tradition, everything was written at one in the morning on the eve of the test :) I decided to get down to business creatively and that's what happened ...

So,
My impressions of visiting Historical Museum

How wonderful that the Department of the History of Medicine sent us to the Historical Museum! Thanks to this, my horizons have expanded significantly.

For example, I learned that Pistons are shoes made from a single piece of leather. Such "boots" were common in Novgorod in the 12-14th century.
It is curious how they are so well preserved, as if they had just been made, although about nine hundred years have passed! Probably, they were sewn for the exposition by the museum workers. But why then did they not provide the original? Mystery. There were blanks for boots nearby. Nice patterns are carved into the pieces of leather. Apparently, Novgorodians loved to dress beautifully, although earlier the possibilities for this were somewhat limited: after all, then there was still no synthetics. Separately from the boots were wooden blocks, as if for orthopedic shoes because of the curvature and bone. Although, maybe time did it with them ...

I also liked the mammoth tusks. They have huge dimensions: each of them can seat ten people on horseback!
They suggest what wonderful animals once lived on Earth! It's a bit of a pity that they became extinct ... a little - because I would not like to meet with them live.

Birch bark letters are widely represented. The following inscription seemed especially interesting to me: "from Polchka (or Polochka) (you) married a girl at Domaslav's, and Domaslav took 12 hryvnias from me. 12 hryvnias came, and if you don’t send me, I will get up (it means with you to the court ) before the prince and the bishop; then prepare for a big loss. " I don't quite understand what the girl has to do with it, but one thing is clear: do not marry until you are sure that the father-in-law has paid all the debts.

I was glad that the museum has many open books written in the Old Church Slavonic language. Once I studied this language, and it is nice to find at least such an application for my knowledge. I skimmed over the "Life of our Venerable Father Macarius the Wonderworker", "The Third Petition" - a message from Archpriest Avvakum to Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich.
True, in the last manuscript I did not understand a word: it seems that the problem of handwriting is relevant not only for me.

One exhibit pleasantly surprised me: a collar with a cast-iron star with the inscription "For drunkenness" dating back to the second half of the 18th century. This "medal" weighing 4.1 kg was "awarded" to the workers of the Demidov factories. For those times, I think this is a very original solution, however, if you try to stop drunkenness in this way in our time, I'm afraid there just won't be enough iron ... it's sad ...

Not without curiosities. When I went here last time with a friend, our attention was attracted by the fact that almost half of the objects we were interested in had the name "plaque" with clarifications of the purpose and material from which this thing was made. All the plaques were of different sizes and shapes, and were different from each other, so every time we were surprised, bumping into this funny name again and again. In the end, my friend was so amused that we had to leave the museum.

I was about to leave, when suddenly my attention was attracted by a small ensemble of beautifully executed porcelain figurines depicting various people in symbolic poses. It turned out that this table decoration for the dessert service of Empress Catherine II, which is a gift from the Prussian king Frederick II, reflects the triumph of the domestic and foreign policy of the Russian Empress.

Thus, I did not regret this trip at all. I think that by sending students to such places of culture and recreation, the department contributes not only to the theoretical assimilation of the material, but also makes it possible (and time) to independently and visually familiarize oneself with the work of people who lived before us. And this is especially important at the present time, when the interest in culture, unfortunately, is not very high.

Oddly enough, they gave me a "5" (admitting that they hadn't laughed like that in the whole department for a long time), and a classmate, looking over "Impressions", asked: "where did you copy it?"
humorist!

Reviews

Hello, Inna! A trip to the museum is a fascinating thing! You find yourself in TE in those times, you get imbued with the spirit of THAT time ... It takes your breath away!

You completely rightly broke the tradition.)))

The fact that shoes were called pistons in the 12-14th century, me. a person with an "automobile" education, to put it mildly, was puzzled ... Well, okay, they know better ... And they also say that the best shoes are made in Italy, Finland ... Ours is better kept if ... not worn.

Medal, read somewhere, it seemed there was already half a meal. those. about 8kg. However, 4.1 is also tough. But ... Drunkenness in Russia is ineradicable. You just need to put up with it. (((

Thank you for your visit, come visit, if it will be boring!
Igor.

Igor, thank you for your review :) I ran to your page, was impressed! :)
piston ... well, in boots, we also push off from the ground and thanks to this we move ...;)
Ours is better stored if ... not worn - I've been laughing at this phrase for half an hour, since the problem of falling apart boots and shoes is present :)
with a smile, Inna

Volkova Evgeniya

An essay on the problems of preserving cultural heritage and attracting young people to this topic

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Head Mukhamedyarova N.A.

E. Volkova gr. MO-32

What are museums for?

In order to talk about the role of historical and cultural heritage in our life, that is, about the role of museums, we will answer the questions: what are so-called museums, why are they needed and what needs to be done with them so that young people start visiting them.

Museum - an institution engaged in the collection, study, storage of monuments of naturalstories, material and spiritual culture. At first, this concept denoted a collection of exhibits on art and science, then from a certain period of time, we will not go into details, since no one will remember this anyway and will not consider it necessary to remember, it includes the building where these monuments were located. Now there are many museums, such as: local history, history, literary, musical, natural science, theater and so on. With the development of computer technology, virtual museums... From this small explanation, we can ourselves build an answer to the question: what are they for.

There are few people who have never visited a museum at least once in their life, if only because a person has been involved in culture since childhood. If the parents do not do this, then in educational institutions, visiting such institutions is included in the educational program. Sometimes, after visiting a museum, children ask the following question: "What are museums for?" this question can be forgiven for children, but adults should understand why a museum is needed.

To understand why museums are needed, you need to understand what exactly they are - museums are memory. Therefore, in order to answer the question of why they are needed, one can only say to remember, appreciate and know. Museums represent history, so you need to understand that without knowing the history, it will be difficult to imagine the future, which means it is difficult to build it.

At a certain period in each person's life, there is a need to consider the path traveled and understand something. The emergence of museums at the moment is associated with the same. Museums emerged at a time when humanity and society had a need to look back, as well as a need for self-awareness and self-knowledge. All modern museums have appeared over the past several centuries.

Museums are reliable custodians historical memory and the legacy of past eras. Museums are of great importance in our life. They reflected the life of those people who lived a long time ago and not only.

There are many different thematic museums and exhibitions around the world. Significant and not so significant, they offer their visitors to get acquainted with the exposition and form their opinion about a particular artist, sculptor, period of history or country. Among them there are those who claim unconditional leadership. These are the largest museums in the world, which have a huge influence on the rest and shape public opinion, and also act as trendsetters.

One of the most famous is the Louvre Museum, located in Paris, the capital of France. Its exposition is located in the royal palace, built 800 years ago - and it itself can act as one of the exhibits. All epochs and peoples are represented in it, here you can find both Assyrian bas-reliefs and modern Art Nouveau. His old rival is in London - British museum, opened in the middle of the 18th century and has the same collection. Rome, in turn, also seeks to establish itself as the cultural capital of the world. Italy, the cradle of the Renaissance, gave light to such masters as Leonardo da Vinci, Caravaggio, Michelangelo, Raphael. It is their works that are central to the Vatican Museum - Musei Vaticani. In addition, there you can find the art of the Ancient World, as well as the Middle Ages and industrial Europe. Sometimes the administration organizes open-air exhibitions in the Colosseum, and then the ticket price increases significantly. The Metropolitan Museum, unlike the previous two, is no longer in the Old, but in the New World, more precisely, in New York. It contains works of artists from Western Europe and America, as well as cultural monuments of the peoples of Africa, Asia, the Far and Near East. Its exposition includes not only painting, but also graphics, sculpture and even decorative and applied handicrafts. The museum is relatively young, therefore, its exhibits are close to admirers of modern art trends. The Spanish Prado Museum is located in Madrid and is one of the most major museums the world. The collection is so large that only a small part of it is presented to the public due to the lack of space on the walls. Besides painting, there are sculptures and jewelry in the Prado.

Do these museums compete with each other? In a way, yes. But cooperation, nevertheless, is put above all: art does not tolerate pragmatism. To contain the world cultural heritage, you need to be truly committed first of all to this particular business, and not to commerce.

There are about 2,700 state museums in Russia. They are part of the cultural space, in which objects of history, culture, nature function, called by society as valuable and subject to preservation and transmission to future generations as a cultural and historical experience. The world of museums encompasses not only those to be preserved and included in modern culture objects, but also the whole set of institutions, people, ideas performing these tasks.

There are approximately 444 museums in Moscow. And they are all good.I love painting, so I look at pictures, and it is best to do it in museum halls, where there is a special atmosphere, special silence, smell, interiors. Therefore, when I have free time, I certainly go to the Tretyakov Gallery or the Museum. Pushkin. In general, I like, for example, just to sit in the Borodino Panorama Museum, among the portraits of the Patriotic War of 1812, and when I studied War and Peace at school, I often ran there, met people of that era.I was at the Central Museum of the Great Patriotic War. I really liked this museum, I learned a lot about the war. I advise everyone to visit this museum because everyone is obliged to know the history of their country, there can be no present and future without the past! This museum has a real military dugout and a Red Army headquarters, where you can try on a real military uniform, get acquainted with weapons (MMG - pistols, machine guns, rifles, machine guns). You can take a photo with the class, group, family, etc. Receive a set of art photographs in stylized packaging to commemorate your visit to the museum. In my opinion, this is all very, very interesting and informative.
But b Most of all I like the museum in Tsaritsyno. It is located in the south of Moscow.The strange fate of Tsaritsyn is surprising and attracted by the strange fate of Tsaritsyn, a mystery associated with its construction that has not yet been solved, the very appearance of a huge estate, romantic and somewhat mysterious, similar to a museum of unbridled ventures of the 18th century, rich in inventions, fantasies and whims, repeated attempts to complete it, slow, over two hundred years, extinction. Fate and time turned out to be ruthless to Tsaritsyn. Much perished, was lost, sometimes irrevocably. But nowadays there has been an almost incredible revival of the failed residence of Catherine the Great near Moscow. And today it is the most popular place in all of Moscow. The flow of people does not dry up neither in summer, nor in winter, nor during the day, nor in the evening.

If I ever get to Paris or Madrid or Toledo or Florence, it’s not hard to guess where I’ll be on the very first day.

I would very much like to visit the State Hermitage, go to Winter Palace, visit the Cinema Museum (The Cinema Museum collects, describes, restores and stores documents and materials on the history of Russian and Soviet cinema, organizes exhibitions on the basis of its funds and collections stored in other museums and archives). The Cinema Museum regularly shows in its four cinemas the classics of Russian and foreign cinema, retrospectives and thematic cycles of films that give an idea of ​​the best achievements of the film culture of the past and present. The museum has film clubs specialized in topics, types of cinema (animation, non-fiction films, cinematographers) and countries of the world (France, Germany, Hungary, India, etc.). I would also like to visit the Sergiev Posad State Historical and Art Museum-Reserve. The Historical and Art Museum-Reserve of Sergiev Posad is one of the largest repositories of Russian art. The unique originality of the museum is given by its location - it is located within the walls of the ancient Trinity-Sergius Monastery (Lavra), founded in the first half of the 40s. XVI century son of the Rostov boyar Sergius of Radonezh.) I dream of getting to these museums and would advise everyone to go there and learn a lot of interesting things.

I was still in the Museum Fine Arts I really liked this museum, because I am fond of paintings and really love to draw, I also managed to visit the Museum of Photography, this museum was very interested in me. My hobby is photography, especially nature, and in this museum there are a lot of such beautiful and interesting photographs that this museum has become one of my favorites.

But with special warmth I would like to tell you about the Museums of my hometown- the city of Podolsk.Museum of local lore- a place where the present and the past meet. When you walk through its halls, you feel how the spirit of bygone times fills you. Here you can take notes, spend hours looking at amazing exhibits, or you can simply dream, imagining yourself now as a Scythian, now as a soldier of the Northern War, or as a fighter hoisting a banner over the Reichstag. The Podolsk Museum of Local Lore was opened in 1971. It was created through the efforts of enthusiastic social activists. The museum is located in several historic buildings and has a number of unique collections. The "Archeology" section was recognized as the best among the museums of the Moscow region. Of great interest is the hall dedicated to the crafts of the Podolsk Territory. The collection of sewing machines of the "Singer" Company is unique. The stand-alone building houses the "Nature of the Podolsk Territory" exposition. In October 2011, a new exposition of the museum "230 years to the city of Podolsk" was opened in a restored building of the first quarter of the 19th century. It tells about the most important events in the history of the city and the country: the Patriotic War of 1812, the feat of the Podolsk cadets in the battle of Moscow in 1941, the industry and culture of the city. The decoration of the exposition was carried out by the creative workshop of the Honored Artist of Russia A.N. Konov "Museum of Media" and has an innovative character, based on the principle of immersing the visitor in the space of history. The scientific concept of the new exposition, called "Podolsk Meridian", provides for the display of the main events in the history of the city, starting from 1781, when Catherine II signed a decree granting the village of Podil the status of a city, up to the present day. The museum is small, but there are interesting exhibits. The documentary film, which is shown in the museum, tells mainly about the people who lived in Podolsk in the 19th and 20th centuries. and their lifestyle. Moving to the next hall, I find myself in Soviet times.The first years after the overthrow of monarchical power in Russia were quite difficult for Podolsk: there was a decrease in the rate of industrial production, unemployment increased, and factories stopped. The outbreak of the Civil War forced the Soviet government to resume military production. Since many military factories in Russia were occupied by the White Guards, it was decided to build a new cartridge factory in Podolsk. He occupied part of the Zemgor shell plant. Since 1919, the Podolsk steam locomotive repair plant (the future Ordzhonikidze Plant) started operating in Podolsk, which was deployed on the territory of the cable and copper rolling plants.

Another interesting museum that our city is proud of is the Historical and Memorial Museum-Reserve of Podillya. The basis of the Museum-Reserve is the house-museum of V.I. Lenin, whose exposition has existed since 1937. The new status of the museum (since 1991) reflects the process of its growth and expansion of the range of its scientific interests and problems to be solved. The traditional exposition gives a fairly broad idea of ​​the history, culture, life of Podolsk in the 19th-20th centuries. The territory includes a part of the historical buildings of Podolsk, as well as valuable archaeological monuments in its immediate vicinity, the protected zone covers the most intactly preserved part of Podolsk within the boundaries of the last century. The museum is located in the landscape area of ​​the Pakhra river basin in the part of the city beyond the river. The museum was opened as the Memorial House-Museum of V.I. Lenin in Podolsk, where relatives of V.I. Lenina: mother - Maria Alexandrovna, sisters Maria Ilyinichna and Anna Ilyinichna, brother Dmitry Ilyich. In the summer of 1900, V.I. Lenin. The decision to restore the former house of Kedrova was made in January 1934. The museum was created with the direct participation of the Central Museum of V.I. Lenin, relatives and friends of Vladimir Ilyich. The architectural appearance of the house and its everyday furnishings were restored in the form they were at the end of the 19th century. The basis of the exposition of the memorial house is original items. A courtyard with outbuildings and a garden adjacent to the house were also recreated. In 1991, by the decision of the Podolsk City Council, on the basis of the memorial complex, a historical and memorial museum-reserve "Podillya" was created. Further down the street, there are five more buildings that represent a Russian hut. The museum complex includes a museum of historical traditions. Today the historical and memorial museum-reserve "Podillia" is a monument of the history and culture of the city and the region.

Now I want to tell you how our group went to the history museum. The museum building is large, old and beautiful. There was a Christmas tree in the lobby of the museum, because it was the winter holidays, only the New Year had come. We climbed the stairs to the hall, which tells about the life of ancient people. On the walls there were paintings depicting scenes of the hunting of an ancient man for mammoths, bears, and buffaloes. And on the stands were demonstrated spears, arrows, tools used by people in the Stone Age. All this is very interesting, because people had to fight for their existence, hide from the cold and predators in caves, and use fire. The further we moved through the halls, the more developed human society became. Already the 16th century. During this period, people already knew the structure of the Universe and the Solar system. The architecture learned to build stone structures, beautiful temples appeared in Russia, painted by Theophanes the Greek and Andrei Rublev, they began to write chronicles in monasteries. When I first visited the museum, it was very interesting for me to see the sights and very interesting things of those times. At first we didn't really want to go to the museum. Apparently we are just used to cinemas, clubs and other entertainment centers. When our group entered the museum, stepped on the threshold, a strange feeling came over us. A keen interest gripped us. Some interesting, unusual things that we have never seen appeared right in front of our eyes. We looked at everything very quickly, could not see enough, it was very interesting. Of course, there was a person who explained everything, told the history of this item, where and how it was used, but I was not up to this, I moved away from my group with whom I went to this museum. Seeing such interesting exhibits, I walked in circles, trying to capture all this in my memory. Unfortunately, soon everyone began to gather, the excursion was coming to an end.

Not having seen enough of the exhibits, but with a joyful face that I still managed to see and capture for a long time what I had never seen, I left. For a very long time I recalled those minutes that I spent in this interesting place. My attitude to everything changed immediately, I began to visit theaters and museum exhibitions more often. In general, I began to get involved in art. I began my spiritual development, which in a person should be, first of all, now I have become a spiritually developed person. This is how I remember this first excursion with a group, thanks to which we joined the art, became closer to each other and better understand ourselves and others.

After this event, I decided to find out what my co-groupmates think about museums, and I conducted a survey. Basically, the answers to my questions made me happy, because everyone understands the importance of museums in our life, that one can learn a lot of interesting and useful things in them, that we have the opportunity to see another world by visiting a museum, learn other dimensions and get out of communication with this world enriched, enlightened, matured in the spiritual and moral aspect. But there were also such answers: “I don't like museums. I am sorry to waste time on trips to museums. It absolutely doesn't matter which ones. I do not like them. I'm bored there. I'm not interested in this. I'm lazy. Moreover, I do not like to walk. On weekdays I get tired, I have no time for going to museums. I live two hours from college. Naturally, I have neither time nor desire. On weekends, I prefer to sleep, eat, listen to music, read books, but not go to museums. I’m not waiting for the weekend to go to some museum. I am not attracted to this prospect. I do not like to go out. Generally. I go to the store with grief in half, and then there is a museum. House, silence, book, coffee - it’s a pledge of MY happiness. And I don't want to change anything in the way of my life. Therefore, museums for me are an empty place. Not because there is something wrong, because many people like it. It’s just not part of my interests. Everything that interests me, I can find in my dad's library. Old records The Beatles, Rainbow, Queen, Pink Floyd, Scorpions, Whitesnake. Everything. I don’t need anything else, I always have it at hand ”- this is the most curious answer, but it is not the only one of this kind, so I quote it. What I want to say to such people - I feel sorry for you ... Because the world is beautiful, because you have to strive to learn all the time and museums are perfect for this. And even in our time of a continuous subjective view of life - do it in the end for your immortal soul, get invaluable experience for future life if there is neither the ability nor the strength to make this world even more beautiful with your life.

Then I decided to find out what needs to be done, what would my peers want to go to the museum, what should be done to make them interesting? And this is what I heard: “If I didn’t have the opportunity to learn about my favorite bands, then I would like the following: Old School Museum. The walls in it will be made of suede and must be purple. Guitars that would hang on the walls, such that have been in the hands of the great musicians in my understanding, drum kits. Projectors that will show videos of old interviews or live recordings on the walls, without sound. It must be dark in the museum. And also sofas, armchairs, white, leather would not hurt. There are carpets on the floor and very loud music.

So that the atmosphere was there. " Another answer that I will give was the following: “I would like the museums to be interactive, that you could touch everything, so that we were met by the characters of that era, so that there were theatrical performances - it would be very interesting ...”. I think that such museums also have a place in our life, and as far as I know, there are museums of this kind.

Still, museums are essential. How to imagine our life without the Museum. A.S. Pushkin, without the Tretyakov Gallery, without the Hermitage, without the fact that you can simply stand in front of Vrubel's Demon or Rublev's Trinity. How to understand Russian fairy tales without Vasnetsov's paintings, how to remove from life the Cathedral of St. Basil the Blessed, when your heart stops with indescribable delight, when you just stand next to him, how to erase from memory the first trip with mom to the Darwin Museum - this has entered ours and it will remain with us to the end.

Therefore, museums have a place in our life, because only the heritage preserved by museums forms a person, preserves traditions, shows the life of our people. Moreover, in our not simple time, when the younger generation so much needs material evidence of the path that our people have traveled, the pride of belonging to this nation and the happiness that you live here and now - in this beautiful country with such a great past, and no less wonderful future, and joy that you can be the successor of the traditions of the people.

Also, I think it's good that there is a museum in our college, which gives an idea of ​​what kind of people worked and studied in it. I think such museums are necessary because you get to know the profession, you are proud of it, you are proud of your institution and, in the end, of your homeland, because love for the homeland begins with love for your "little homeland" - for your loved ones, for your friends, for your street, for your College. And since we all come from childhood, we will carry this love all our lives, and the role of our little college museum is not the last in it, and this circumstance is very pleasing, because thanks to him, you become involved in your people, the Fatherland.

And finally, I will say the following, I advise everyone to visit museums, because theyintellectually enrich your inner world, broaden your horizons, introduce you to the beautiful, allow you to experience participation in the world and time.Probably, people visit museums, because there is something different that you will not find in Everyday life... Museums are a separate world sometimes it even seems that there is a fourth dimension in time.I love going to museums and I advise everyone to do it.

The other day, my friends and I visited the Russian Museum in the city of St. Petersburg. I am a student who came from another city and have never visited such large museums. While visiting the first halls, I saw ordinary paintings depicting people and nature, but over time I noticed that each painting has its own character. It was evident that each picture is different and carries some kind of individual harmony. A look at nature in everyday life and at life with paintings shows how deeply artists are in their worldview, they manage to see a lot in everyone. Although I am not an artist and some of my creations remained incomprehensible to me, I confess that in many paintings I found little things that at first glance are not even noticeable at first glance, I just have to spend a lot of time in my own reasoning.

We have to think about how deeply thinking people are artists. As time passed, I saw other exhibits, not only paintings, these were the tools that our ancestors used to use, decorations, painted figurines and teapots, crosses, objects carved from wood, all of this was made of wood, porcelain, metal and glass. It is surprising how many events these exhibits have survived and still live their own museum life. Just think, all this has survived to this day. Most of all I liked the keys of strange shapes, there were in the shape of a bird, butterflies, keys with all sorts of patterns, because people knew how to craft in such a different period of technology development from us. Applying in 2019? Our team will help you save your time and nerves: we will select directions and universities (according to your preferences and expert recommendations); we will issue applications (you just have to sign); we will submit applications to Russian universities (online, by e-mail, by courier); monitor the competition lists (we will automate the tracking and analysis of your positions); we will tell you when and where to submit the original (we will evaluate the chances and determine the best option). Trust the routine to professionals - in more detail.

Of course, it is worth noting that the museum is mainly dominated by a large number of paintings.

I had to go through several hours to take a closer look at at least one third of all the paintings. Many of the paintings were huge, which shocked me, I noticed such paintings already in the second half of my visit to the museum. The pictures were in great accuracy, conveyed the fullness of their meaning. But when I saw the Picture of Karl Bryullov "The Last Day of Pompeii", I could not pass without stopping, its large scale, in my opinion, is just right for describing that terrible event. I saw how accurately the faces of the inhabitants of the city in distress were displayed, this fear and horror were creatively displayed by the brushes. They also told me that the artist himself is in the picture, this is a self-portrait of the author of the picture. On the day when I visited the "Russian Museum", the concepts of the life of people in that one century before my birth were revealed to me. Such places introduce us to the history and culture of our ancestors, allow us to see with our own eyes a part of that life and feel it.

Useful material

Excursion to the museum

I often visit all sorts of museums, I really like this feeling of meeting the past, you feel like the hero of an old novel and a part of another era. The museums store artifacts, paintings, manuscripts, things and objects that appeared long before us, all of this in our time has great cultural and historical value.

There are different types of museums. For example, a historical museum that stores information about significant events in history. The Ethnographic Museum tells about the rituals and traditions of different peoples.

It contains unique cultural monuments: national costumes, household items, beliefs and folklore, etc. The local history museum can acquaint with the past of the native land. Wandering through the halls of the museum, we get to know the past. A very important figure in any museum is a guide, with the help of his story you can compare exhibits and stories, then the picture becomes more complete.

You can ask the guide questions, he will always have a timely and detailed question.

One day before Victory Day, my class and I decided to go to our city

Museum Museum of Military Glory, there was an open week. We were met by an employee of the museum, she greeted us and introduced herself, asked us a few questions about the knowledge of the history of the Great Patriotic War, we answered them with enthusiasm. She told us that in the museum we will see the heroes of our city and hear their story.

When we entered the hall, we seemed to plunge into the past. The room resembled a military headquarters and an archive at the same time, the guide said that they used the surviving letters, photographs, orders, officer's planes, etc. Everything was in dark colors around, gray, dark blue, khaki and brown colors prevailed. There were many portraits, medals, slogans on the walls.

The guide's story impressed us to the core, she told about a resident of our city, who lost everything during the war, but still did not give up, fighting to the bitter end. After visiting the museum, we walked in silence for a long time, each of us thought about the important feat of the Soviet people, in everyone's eyes there was sorrow and gratitude for the peaceful sky donated by a valuable thousand lives. Now none of us will doubt whether it is worth going to the Victory Parade.

I think it is necessary to visit museums more often and learn about history, because a people who do not know their past has no future either.

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8. Recently my classmates and I visited our Historical Museum. At first I drew attention to the mammoth tusks, I could not even imagine how huge they can be. No less impressive are the fangs of the saber-toothed tiger. I also examined with interest the various tools of labor of ancient people. Entering the next room, I saw many different icons and old ones [...] ...
9. I, like many of my peers, really love to travel. I love new places, new sensations, new impressions and new acquaintances. But, probably, each person has places where he wants to return again and again. For me, Crimea has become such a place. And not only because Crimea is the sea, the sun, a wealth of colors, sounds, colors, smiles and good [...] ...
10. If you have a little free time and are ready to spend a certain amount, then you can enjoy wonderful excursions anywhere in your country or abroad. I would like to tell you about my last trip to the charming City of Odessa. A few weeks ago, our literature teacher suggested that we go on an Excursion to this wonderful city. I AM […]...
11. Maybe someone will find my story boring, and someone will cause an ironic smile, but it is caused by my sincere respect and love for museums. It practically doesn't matter to me in which of the museums to enjoy the exhibits that connect us with the life of past generations. I believe that each of the museums that can be found in our city, in our country, in its own way [...] ...
12. Aviation museums specialize in military and civil aviation or the history of aviation from a specific period, such as the first aviation. The wax museums display collections of historical figures and contemporary people in poses. Historical museums exhibit photographs, drawings, diaries, letters, costumes, fabrics, sound recordings, films, books, newspapers and other things that help to display historical events […]...
13. MUSEUMS OF THE KIEV-PECHERSK LAVRA During the winter holidays I visited Kiev, where on the territory of the Kiev-Pechersk Lavra I visited all the museums and exhibitions. In the beginning we were in the Museum of Historical Treasures. The most important exhibition of the museum is the treasures of the Scythians. For example, the famous pectoral from Tolstoy Grave. This is not just a chest piece, but a ritual royal headdress. It was worn only on spring day [...] ...
14. Samara is a very beautiful and old city. It is famous not only for its inhabitants, but also for its sights, one of which is the Museum of Cosmonautics. Near the entrance to the museum is the only one in Europe vertically erected monument in the form of a rocket. This spectacle is breathtaking, since the height of the monument reaches 70 meters, and its weight is more than twenty tons. First of all, getting into the museum, [...] ...
15. SIGNIFICANT EXCURSION IN MOSCOW Many excursion routes are known in Moscow, today they intend to lead us only one. The topic of our excursion is “Ancient monasteries in the White-stone capital”. Moscow monasteries have long been known as the abode of Russian Orthodox culture. Here is the Zaikonospassky monastery, it was founded in the year 1600 by Tsar Boris Godunov, and then rebuilt under Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich. [...] ...
16. Days when Moscow museums work for free Where, and on what days, you can approach the beautiful completely free of charge 1.Tretyakovskaya gallery Opens for free the first and second Sunday of every month Adrs: Lavrushinsky lane, 10 2.State Historical Museum Open for free visits on the last Sunday of every months Address: Red Square, 1 3. People's Museum of the History of the Moscow Metro Free admission for all [...] ...
17. In 1989, in Kiev on Andreevsky Spusk, at number 13, the famous House of Turbins, the literary and memorial museum of Mikhail Afanasyevich Bulgakov was opened. The collection of the museum is dedicated, first of all, to “Kiev Bulgakov”. Today it comprises about 3 thousand exhibits. Museum expositions reveal not only the life and work of M. A. Bulgakov, but also represent, in general, the life of Kiev [...] ...
18. HOUSE-MUSEUM OF KG PAUSTOVSKY Our class went on an excursion to the house-museum of Paustovsky during the spring break. You are enchanted when you visit the small town of Tarusu. Many pages of the life and work of Konstantin Paustovsky are associated with Tarusa. The house in which he lived was neatly cut down, one-story, with blue walls. It stands not far from the city center, in a dead end of a short [...] ...
19. “My impression of the Dostoevsky Museum in Moscow” The Dostoevsky Museum-Apartment in Moscow on Dostoevsky Street is a unique phenomenon. Where else can you feel the presence of the writer so clearly as in the place where he spent his childhood and adolescence? This museum was opened back in 1928 and brought together thousands of things related to Dostoevsky. The Dostoevskys' apartment [...] ...
20. Museums of books, prints, postcards are well known in the world, but the Museum of the Reader, it seems, has not existed so far. And now, in the very center of Moscow, on Bolshaya Dmitrovka, he has appeared! The idea of ​​its creation arose gradually, during the daily work of the staff of the Russian State Library of Arts to study the readership of the RSBI and the specifics of services in this library, [...] itself ...
21. Today is an unusual day - together with the class we are going to the museum. Some of my classmates have visited such a place not for the first time and are already telling others about how interesting it is there, but for me this is an absolutely unique discovery. As I exit the bus, I pay attention to the beautifully stuccoed facade. There are columns in front, and a large door can be seen [...] ...
22. Option 1 Who is not familiar with the special silence of the museum, interesting story a guide, filled with love for paintings, books, museum exhibits, he will never be able to fully experience all the beauty and richness of this wonderful world... If you live in a small town or in a village, then I would like to advise you, by all means find time and opportunities to [...] ...
23. The F.M.Dostoevsky Museum-Apartment is located in the left wing of the former Mariinsky Hospital, located next to Suvorov Square and the Theater Russian Army... Nowadays it is the center of Moscow, and two hundred years ago it is a remote outskirts of the city, which belonged to the tract on the "Poor House" with a cemetery for the outcasts of society - beggars, vagabonds, criminals. In 1803-1806, under the care of the Dowager Empress Maria Feodorovna [...] ...
24. Once I went with my parents to the Askania reserve. The trip promised to be interesting. We arrived there and booked an excursion in a specially equipped car. We were told about the reserve, about the endangered species of animals and plants in this reserve. It turned out that in Askania there is a kind of roses, which is not found anywhere else in the world! Also in Askania there is an endangered species of ground squirrels, [...] ...
25. In 1892, Anton Pavlovich Chekhov buys an estate in the village of Melikhovo, Moscow province, according to an advertisement in a newspaper. In these places he lived until 1899, having created more than forty literary works, including it was here that he wrote the play "The Seagull". The Melikhov period of A.P. Chekhov's life is the time of his active medical [...] ...
26. The first metropolitan museum of Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev appeared in Russia. In Moscow. The Turgenev Museum has not yet opened in St. Petersburg. More than half a century of movement towards the Moscow museum, which gave rise to an uncountable number of letters, petitions to the communist and then post-communist authorities, publications in the press, ended with the April (2009) resolution of the Moscow Government. According to him, the memorial House (there are memorial plaques on the facade) on Ostozhenka, [...] ...
27. Today we have an exciting excursion to a wonderful city: we will go to Rome. Rome - the capital of Italy - is located in the central part of the Apennine Peninsula on the banks of the Tiber River, 27 kilometers from the Tyrrhenian Sea coast. One of the oldest cities in the world, Rome, according to legend, was founded in 753 BC. Its name, according to one version, [...] ...
28. The Pushkin Museum, a department of the Yalta Museum of History and Literature, is located in the “Richelieu House”. The building is notable for the fact that this is the first building in the European style on the southern coast of Crimea ... Dry lines of the guide, but how much fascinating and even mysterious is hidden behind them! After the annexation of Crimea to Russia in 1783, the lands in the Gurzuf region passed to [...] ...
29. Hi Timur, today we have a choice: we can go to the historical museum or visit the medieval castle. Timur, I don’t want to go to the museum today, I would rather see the medieval castle. You know, there are quite a few museums around the world and they are mostly the same. A museum is a place where historical exhibits are exhibited. [...] ...
30. How to explain the popular love of Russian people for Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin? We will not look for an explanation, but just say: in Russia there is no such person who does not know who Pushkin is. The immense world of his work is available to everyone. However, in order to comprehend the depth of his ideas, one can sit over his books all his life, but this work can never be finished. V […]...
31. Composition "Old things" or "Museum of forgotten old things" A real museum of old things - this is the house of my great-grandmother. More precisely, one of his rooms. Great-grandmother Lydia calls her “the hall”. There is antique furniture here. It is made of dark wood with a reddish tint. This is an unusual round table, a wardrobe with drawers, heavy sturdy chairs and a mirror - dressing table. Table covered [...] ...
32. On May 30, our class has visited the Literary Museum .. Unimportant to those who, for me, have Ukrainian literature, and the excursion was no worse than the emotional one. The museum is built on two surfaces, the architecture bewitches, near the literary house there is a great garden, which is harmoniously overlooked on the background of a beautiful house .... In the museum, they gave old books to the old people, create such [...] ...
33. Fifteen kilometers from Yaroslavl, along the old Moscow highway, there is an old Russian estate with regular and landscape parks, residential and utility buildings. This is Karabikha. Once you get here, you seem to be transported a century and a half ago ... This is the only manor complex in the Yaroslavl region, the second half of XVIII- the beginning of the XX century, which has retained its original architectural appearance. Karabikha is one of the [...] ...
34. Over the weekend, Mom invited me to visit Art Museum... She said that an interesting exhibition about Japan had opened there. The exhibition was displayed in a spacious and light hall. On the walls were hung large colorful photographs with views of modern Japan: nature, temples, cities, people in traditional clothes. The Japanese are very fond of nature and treat it with care, therefore in many photographs [...] ...
35. Composition "Hermitage: excursion" Finally, last summer I got to the Hermitage, for the first time in my Life! Before that, I had heard a lot about this art gallery in St. Petersburg. Three million works of art are kept in the Hermitage, because Catherine II began to collect its collection. Of course, I did not see all of them, but I was still amazed: how many masterpieces were collected [...] ...
36. The high bank of the Orlik River, in memory of the writers-fellow countrymen Turgenev and Leskov, is called “ Noble nest”And“ Berezhkom of the non-lethal Golovan ”. Not far from here, in house nine on Oktyabrskaya Street (in the old days - Tretya Dvoryanskaya), on July 2, 1974, the only literary and memorial museum of Nikolai Semenovich Leskov was opened in the country, and in the whole world. Locate [...] ...
37. (Republic of Belarus) Ancient Polotsk (known since 861) is located in the Vitebsk region, on the Western Dvina River. It is considered the cradle of the Belarusian statehood, the capital of the first state formation on the territory of modern Belarus. The city is small but full of attractions. This is, first of all, St. Sophia Cathedral, erected by Byzantine architects in the second half of the 11th century. Although in 1710, by order of Peter I [...] ...
38. “How many times have they told the world” that a computer from a dangerous toy for little ones and a means of thoughtless homework for middle and high school students should be turned into a real friend and helper for the child. And we decided to try to find at least one solution to this problem. The union of computer technology and literature seems unstable only at first glance. A […]...
39. From ancient times to ours until now, bread is considered the main product on the table. It was not for nothing that for many peoples it was a symbol of life. Songs, hymns and legends were composed in his honor. The original bread was round, so it was compared to the sun. A respectful attitude towards bread is observed today. Nature has endowed bread with wheat [...] ...
40. The State Historical, Literary and Natural Museum-Reserve of A. A. Blok is located in the north-west of the Moscow Region among the picturesque hills of the Klinsko-Dmitrov Upland. The center of the reserve, which occupies an area of ​​307 hectares, is the Shakhmatovo estate, which in 1874 was bought by Blok's maternal grandfather, botanist A.N. Beketov. I bought it on the advice of my friend D. I. Mendeleev, who since 1865 owned the Boblovo estate, [...] ...

The main advantage of the State Historical Museum, in my opinion, is the delightful architectural design of the halls. The main disadvantage, I would say, is the small amount of space available for expositions, which, obviously, does not allow showing many moments.
The museum copes with its main task in an excellent way: it makes it possible to plunge into the immediate environment of the epochs of the world of the past, "touch" them from the inside.
The scent of the past, the pleasant shine of the slightly clouded glass of shop windows, inviting velvet cushions on which the exhibits are reclining - this is the atmosphere of the Historical Museum. Imbued with the spirit of all sorts of eras and centuries, it invites us to a world where history is not only the rustle of pages of scientific journals, guesses and conclusions, but also bright monuments, hard-found and carefully guarded, designed to serve as a reminder of the exploits and mistakes of our ancestors ...

The work contains 1 file

Shchukin Yana, gr. 1052.

Essay "About visiting the State Historical Museum"

In historical science, interest in the problems of everyday life has always been vital. And this is no coincidence. From the details and trifles of everyday life, a stable typological certainty is formed, a kind of "face" of society as such. The value of studies of everyday life lies in the fact that it acts “ reverse side»Social life, opens an overview of the true essence of the realities of the past.

Each historical epoch creates its own configuration of interaction between society and the natural landscape. The history of ethnic groups formed a unique cultural space that embodied the basic ideas of the era about the world order. This was reflected in urban planning, architecture, interior design, etc. Values, norms and rules of morality left an imprint on the appearance of human settlements, their homes, way of life.

That is why it seems extremely important for the historian to thoroughly study the monuments of everyday life of the period in question, while the more practically directed the process of study itself, the more useful it will be for scientists to understand the key features of the object and its significance in general.

Thus, a visit to the State Historical Museum as part of the process of practical study of history is an important initial stage for the formation of critical thinking.

Halls 8, 9, 10 and 11, representing the early stages of the Old Russian state, were designated for inspection. Hall number 8 is devoted to the topic "Formation of the Old Russian state in the 9th and early 13th centuries." Like the vast majority of the museum's halls, it is decorated in the style of a particular historical period. This is a rectangular hall, covered with a box-type space with striking formwork. The rows of windows are reminiscent of the three-part silk-like windows characteristic of the architecture of pre-Mongol Rus. The hall was reconstructed in the late 1930s under the leadership of A. Burov and L. Zhezhin. The exposition of the hall begins with the presentation of household items and everyday life of the Balts, Volga Finns, ornaments of the Mordovians, Mary, Murom. Showcases are filled with samples from the Ivakhnikovsky hoard and the settlement of Surputy. The legacy of the Khazar Kaganate of the VIII-X centuries. represented by decorations from the Saltovsky burial ground, weapons, a silver ladle from the Kotsky town.

The next part is devoted to Christianity in Russia. Here we can observe various Greek manuscripts, such as the book of Job of the first half of the 10th century. or the Apricot Gospel of the mid-10th century, dummies of The Tale of Bygone Years, as well as various attributes of church services and decorations (serpentines, pieces of smalt).

A separate part of the hall represents paganism in Russia and Byzantium, where various kinds of pagan symbols and cult objects from Korsun are presented.

Adjacent showcases illuminate the decorations of the Eastern Slavs. Dregovichi, Vyatichi, Radimichi and northerners are well represented. However, most of all I was impressed by the attributes of the Krivichi, their skillfully made knives and brooches surpass the creativity of neighboring tribes in terms of performance.

The next part of the hall's exposition is dedicated to the Russian village of the 9th-13th centuries. Here we can consider tools for domestic crafts, household items for animal husbandry, agriculture, fishing, hunting and crafts. In addition, some aspects of the economic life of the Russian countryside are commented on by the exhibited birch bark letters informing, for example, the purchase of a cow for 8 hryvnia.

Moving through the hall, we find a fragment dedicated to the internal politics of the Old Russian state, which is mainly filled with reconstructions of coins, graphic miniatures and dummies of books, such as Izbornik.

The final part of the hall presents to our attention the relationship between Russia and the Pechenegs, where elements of military equipment (buckles, stirrups, bit), fragments of sintered weapons and chain mail from the Black Grave mound, as well as attributes of the Old Russian squad, including those representing objects of import (Iranian lamp, Byzantine circle). All these objects were found in the Rurik settlement, Gnezdovo, Kiev, Timerevo and Mikhailovsky.

Summing up the examination of hall No. 8, one should note its broad retrospective of events, a clearly marked geopolitical situation and high-quality information support of the exhibits.

The next in line was hall number 9 called "Old Russian city of the XI-first half of the XIII centuries". The authors of the project for this hall were Popov and Nikitin, paintings on wall painting belong to Safonov's artel. In the center of the hall we see the composition "Ascension", the painting "Battle of the Suzdal people with the Novgorodians". A distinctive feature of this hall is the lonets that take part in the decoration. The archangel Salephim is represented in the central lonet, on the left is the drawing of the Savior on Nereditsa.

The exposition of the hall begins with the presentation of the “mother of Russian cities” Kiev, namely its cult objects (encolpions, chandeliers, bowls, icons) and jewelry (beads, neck torcs). Novgorod is adjacent to Kiev, the main advantage of which, of course, are birch bark letters, including the first one found during excavations on July 26, 1951, which reports on the income of a farmer. In addition, hanging seals are presented - attributes of institutions of state power, jewelry, tools for processing leather, weaving and processing bones, the most notable of which seemed to me to be swivels.

The special atmosphere of the hall is created by a high-quality copy of the Siggun Gate, created in 1880. Next to it there is a showcase displaying trade in ancient Russian cities. It displays steelyards, hooks, wallets, as well as imported goods. Ancient Rus- amber, fabrics, candlesticks. All expositions in the hall are interspersed with bright miniatures depicting everyday scenes from the life of ancient Russian townspeople.

A small part of the hall demonstrates games - chess, checkers, rattle eggs. The musical world of Ancient Russia is vividly represented by masks of buffoons, a varian, a gusli, a whistle and a bow.

Separate showcases are dedicated to such fortress cities as Lyubech, Serensk, Vshizh. The heritage of Smolensk is presented with jewelry and tools for processing ferrous metal.

The impression from this room remains unclear, since I expected to see a wider range of areas of life in an ancient Russian city than the one presented.

Hall No. 10 is dedicated to the internal and foreign policy of the Old Russian state during the period of feudal fragmentation in the middle of the 12th - first half of the 13th centuries. Also called "Vladimirsky Hall", it is a round room, the mosaic floor project of which was developed by A.P. Popov in 1885, and the final work was carried out according to the plans of Nikitin in 1887 and Demin and 1888. An arcature belt and floral ornaments stretch along the perimeter of the hall. The ceiling is decorated with casts of King David on the throne and the ascension of Alexander the Great. The hall was restored in 2000-2001. The ring exposition of the hall begins with the first edition of The Lay of Igor's Campaign, accompanied by armaments and miniatures from the Radziwill Chronicle. This is followed by the seals of posadniks and princes, hanging princely seals, tags-locks from the leather sacks of tribute collectors.

The Novgorod feudal republic is represented by cult objects from the Bolvansky nose sanctuary on the Vaychag island. Separate parts of the exhibition are dedicated to the legacy of Andrei Bogolyubsky and the Vladimir-Suzdal principality.

In addition, there is a special showcase in the hall showing the struggle between the Russians and the Polovtsians, in which items of equipment of riders from the Polovtsian burials are exhibited.

A bright spot of the hall is a Polovtsian statue - the so-called "stone woman". They were erected in memory of the fallen heroes and used as cult objects.

Summing up hall 10, I would like to note its excellent architecture, conceptually competent execution of the main idea of ​​the hall, as well as well-chosen exhibits.

The last of the four halls announced at the beginning was hall 11, dedicated to the culture of Ancient Rus in the 9th and first half of the 13th centuries. It is a square hall covered with a cross vault. In 1891 it was painted by N.N. Safonov with floral ornaments. Arched doorways are decorated with perspective portals. The decoration of the hall contains about 450 reliefs, most of which are devoted to the theme of the glorification of the Vladimir-Suzdal princely house. The hall designs were drawn up in 1885-1889. A.P. Popov and P.S. Boitsov. The main feature of the decorative part of the hall is the Crucifixion relief, better known as the Svyatoslav Cross.

The exposition of this room begins with the treasures found near the Yeletsky monastery in Chernigov (first half of the 11th century), the Mikhailovsky golden-domed monastery in Kiev, Vladimir on the Klyazma and in the Holy Lake tract in Chernigov, as well as silver treasures from the Old Ryazan settlement. Beside them, an excellent copy of the South Gate of the Nativity Cathedral in Suzdal 1223-1233 rises imperially.

In addition, hall 9 displays many written monuments and their dummies located in the central ring, including the "Legend of Boris and Gleb" (mid-11th-first half of the 12th centuries), "Arkhangelsk Gospel" (first quarter of the 13th century, prayer of Daniel the Zatochnik (end of XII - XIII centuries).

On the right side of the hall, in adjacent showcases, there are samples of small sculptures of Byzantium and Ancient Rus (crosses, icons). The composition ends with architectural details of the external decoration of the Archangel Cathedral and objects of church decoration from Vshizh (arches, frescoes, candlesticks)

In general, the objects exhibited in this room create a pleasant impression, since they are formed thematically competently, and considerable attention is paid to written monuments. However, such aspects of the cultural life of Russia as painting and sculpture are practically not consecrated.

Of course, the museum is not limited to the aforementioned halls, and therefore it would be unreasonable to leave it barely having tasted it. The rest of the rooms made no less impression on me, however, they are no longer included in the range of subjects for discussion.

The main advantage of the State Historical Museum, in my opinion, is the delightful architectural design of the halls. The main disadvantage, I would say, is the small amount of space available for expositions, which, obviously, does not allow showing many moments.

The museum copes with its main task in an excellent way: it makes it possible to plunge into the immediate environment of the epochs of the world of the past, "touch" them from the inside.

The scent of the past, the pleasant shine of the slightly clouded glass of shop windows, inviting velvet cushions on which the exhibits are reclining - this is the atmosphere of the Historical Museum. Imbued with the spirit of all sorts of eras and centuries, it invites us to a world where history is not only the rustle of pages of scientific journals, guesses and conclusions, but also bright monuments, hard-found and carefully guarded, designed to serve as a reminder of the exploits and mistakes of our ancestors ...