Social problems of the novel eugene onegin. What is the problem of the novel "Eugene Onegin"? The problem of identifying the protagonist in society

And happiness was so possible, so
close ... Chapter VIII, stanza XLVIII

Was happiness possible?

Lesson objectives:

Educational: formation of conscious skills and knowledge of working with text

Developing: development of speech - enrichment and complication of vocabulary.

Educational: purposeful formation of such moral qualities as responsibility and honesty in relation to the chosen position.

Lesson plan:

1. Organizational moment.

2. The stage of preparing students for the active assimilation of knowledge.

3. The stage of generalization and systematization of the studied.

4. Stage of information of students about homework.

Methods and forms of work:

1. Greetings.

2. Heuristic conversation.

3. The task of a reproductive nature. :

Preparation for the lesson:

Students:

Should know the content of the work of A. Pushkin "Eugene Onegin" (Chapter 8).

During the classes

Organizational moment.

The beginning of the lesson.

Work with text.

- What facts of the author's biography are described in the beginning of the 8th chapter? (A story about a lyceum, a link,knowledge about the Caucasus, Crimea, Moldova, but most importantly— inner world, movement of creative thought, developmentthe state of mind of the author.)

- Pushkin needed five stanzas to remember his whole life. There was youth - she left, there were friends, but they were destroyed. But the memory of them remained, loyalty to the ideas for which they gave their lives, went to the Nerchinsk mines. The muse remained, she is unchanged, she will always remain pure and

bright, she will help to live:

And now I am a muse for the first time ...

I bring you to a social event ... In the first chapter we saw a glimpse of the St. Petersburg ball, essentially from the street, through the window:

Shadows walk along solid windows ...

In chapter 8 we are at a social event. There are many attractive things in the light:

You can admire the Noisy cramped area, The flickering of dresses and speeches, The appearance of slow guests Before the young mistress, And the dark frame of men Around the ladies, like near pictures.

Onegin's appearance: he seems to be a stranger to everyone.

- Was Onegin a stranger to secular society? (No.)

- Light decided that he was smart and very nice. A whole series of questions appears. Who can ask them? Author? A regular at social events?

Where was he for three years? With this bewilderment one can compare the words of Molchalin: “How surprised we were! You ought to serve in Moscow with us! "

- Gossip about him. ("He makes an eccentric.") Who will appear? (Vhigh society is accustomed to non-humans, and "the decency of tied masks", and those who do not look like them,— countries-are not clear.)

- What advice do they give Onegin? ( Advise him"To be a kind little like everyone else.")

- Is Onegin familiar to the light? (Yes, he spent eight yearshere. But something in him was not the same as ineveryone, and now? "That conversations are too frequent //Accept we are happy for things, // That stupidity is windyand evil, // What important people looks are important // And whatmediocrity is one // We are on the shoulder and not countrieson?" "The taciturns are blissful in the world"; idealmediocrity: “Blessed is he who was young from his youth,// Blessed is he who ripened in time, // Who graduallylife cold // With the years was able to endure; //Whodid not indulge in strange dreams, // Who is the secular rabbledid not shy away, // About whom they kept repeating for a whole century: // NN pre-red man "; Pushkin's conviction: it is impossible to betrayyouth! "It is unbearable to see before oneself // Od-there is a long row of dinners, // Look at life asrite "; excerpts from Onegin's journey will be answeredto the question with what load he came to the fall of 1824 Route: Moscow - Nizhny Novgorod - Astra-Han - Caucasus— Crimea - Odessa. Onegin introduces-Xia with homeland.)

Conclusion: Onegin arrives in St. Petersburg renewed.

- Why did Onegin get, like Chatsky, from the ship to the ball? (Irreconcilable hostility to society, in Onegindeep inner life that didn't exist before.)

On the blackboard - the topic of the lesson:

"TATIANA AND EUGENE IN CHAPTER VIIIROMANA. MORAL PROBLEMS OF THE ROMAN "EVGENY ONEGIN"

- And now a new meeting of heroes takes place. Tatiana appears, and Onegin does not recognize her and does. As Pushkin describes, what was Tatyana like, what did she do without? (She was leisurely, // Not cold,not talkative, // Without an insolent gaze for everyone, // Withoutdesire for success, // Without these little antics, //Without imitative undertakings ...)

- Why Onegin, who did not love Tatiana in the tree, is now seized with such an all-consuming passion? (Changed heroes, updated Onegin nowcan appreciate the depth of Tatiana's soul.)

- What has changed in Tatiana? (She learned to "masterto be yourself ”, as Evgeny advised her whenthen.) Why is Onegin so attracted to her?

- And what about Eugene? ( What about him? What country is he inin a dream? // What stirred in the depths // Soulscool and lazy? // Annoyance? Vanity?Or again// Care of youth is love?)
What's going on with him? How has he changed?

Expressive recitation of Onegin's letters... What character do we see in the letter? What feelings do they have?

Listening to an excerpt from Tchaikovsky's opera "Eugene Onegin".
Your impression. How does the music, the stage play of the actors help to understand the characters, to convey feelings?
Teacher's word.

- The compositional scheme of the novel is simple. The main characters change roles towards the end of the book:

1. SHE loves HIM - HE does not notice HER. SHE writes a letter to HIM - she listens to HIS sermon.

2. HE loves HER - SHE does not notice HIM. HE writes letters to HER - he listens to HER confession (sermon, after all, rebuke).

But this simple construction only emphasizes the complexity of human experiences, which outwardly fit into such a simple scheme. How much more beautiful is Onegin's feeling!

- He again turned to books, as in his youth. The circle of reading very definitely tells the reader - contemporary A.S. Pushkin: Gibbon, Rousseau, Gore der, Madame de Stael, Belle, Fontenelle - philosophers, educators, scientists. These are not two or three novels

which reflected the "century and modern man loved by Onegin before. This is a circle of reading de-kabrists, people striving for action. ",

“But this is not enough. Now all that was inaccessible to him three years ago is revealed to Onegin.

The poet, a friend of his heroes, wishes them happiness with all his heart. But happiness is impossible. There are controversies about the ending of the novel. Different points of view appear, each of which in its own way relies on the text of the novel. In addition, each generation reads Pushkin in its own way.

Eight years after the death of Pushkin, in 1845, V.G. Belinsky wrote his famous articles about Eugene Onegin. 80s. In connection with

By opening the monument in Moscow in 1880, FM Dostoevsky made a speech at a meeting of the Society of Lovers of Russian Literature, in which he expressed his interpretation of the novel's finale.

Assignment: Get to know the reflections on the ending of the novel and on the images of Tatiana and Onegin
famous Russian writers: Vissarion Grigorievich Belinsky and Fedor
Mikhailovich Dostoevsky... Group work: Write out abstracts from articles. which express the thoughts and attitudes of critics towards the ending of the novel and the images of the heroes.

The tragedy of Chapter VIII is that Tatiana did not understand One-gin and his love. Democrat, a man of the 40s, Belinsky put freedom above all human personality, he condemns Tatiana for sacrificing her love for the sake of loyalty to her husband, whom she does not love, but only respects.

F. M. Dostoevsky:“Tatiana is the ideal of woman, the ideal of man. Her behavior in chapter 8 is the embodiment of moral perfection, because what“... can a person base his happiness on the misfortune of another? Happiness is not only in the pleasures of love. And also in the highest harmony of the spirit. How can you calm the spirit if there is an unhappy, merciless, inhuman post behind? Should she flee just because it's my happiness? But what kind of happiness can there be if it is based on someone else's misfortune? ... No: a pure Russian soul decides as follows: “Let, let me alone lose my happiness, let, finally, no one and never, ever ... know my sacrifice and will not appreciate it. But I don't want to be happy by ruining another! "
Output. Belinsky and Dostoevsky judge the actions of the heroes differently. Which of them is more convincing, or rather understands the motives of Tatyana's act in relation to Onegin and her own feelings? Why does Tatiana reject Onegin?
1 Research.

To answer these questions, let's look at verbs again.
Watch Tatyana's monologue, find verbs, determine the tense. Why Tatiana,
talking to Onegin in the present, when talking about himself, uses
exclusively past tense verbs?
— Light did not spoil, did not ruin Tatiana, her soul remained the same, although during these three years she did not remain the same as it was.

- If Onegin has changed internally, then Tatyana rather externally. She matured, became more restrained, calmer, learned to protect her soul from someone else's gaze. And this external restraint, with the same internal wealth, the same spiritual beauty that she possessed in her youth, attracts Onegin to her even more.

- Previously, happiness was not possible, because Onegin did not know how to love. Happiness is possible only now with the renewed Onegin, but (too late!) Tatyana does not consider herself entitled to sacrifice her husband's happiness for her own happiness.

In March 1825, having lost hope for personal happiness, Onegin remains alone in St. Petersburg. In the main text of the novel, Onegin remains at a crossroads - and the reader, together with him, once again thinks: what is life? How should you live? Where to go? Whom to love? With whom and for what to fight?

Summing up the lesson.

Why chapter VIII causes the most controversy and interpretation? (Pushkin does not provide a psychological explanationthe basis of events, deeds, facts.)

At the end of the novel, both main actors worthy of the sympathy of the readers. If one of them could be called “negative,” then the novel would not have a truly tragic sound. Love for an unworthy creature can give rise to very sad situations, but it does not become such a source of tragedy as the mutual love of two people worthy of happiness with the complete impossibility of this happiness.

At the end of the novel, Onegin is not a romantic "demon" with a prematurely aged soul. He is full of thirst for happiness, love and desire to fight for this happiness. His impulse is deeply justified and arouses readers' sympathy. But Tatiana -. a person of a different kind: it is natural for her to give up happiness in the name of higher moral values. Her spirituality is full of true spiritual beauty, which both the author and readers admire. The fact that both heroes, each in their own way, are worthy of happiness, makes the impossibility of happiness for them deeply tragic.

But who will finally explain to us the novel by A.S. Pushkin? Who will interpret Onegin in such a way that there will be nothing to add? Hopefully no one. May this book live forever, and may each new generation find something of their own in it. Very important to him.

*A task for those who are thinking.

1. Was the happy reunion of Onegin and Tatiana possible? Composing is meditation. By heart a passage (letter from Onegin).

2. Research work: “What role can grammatical categories play in a literary text? (A.S. Pushkin
"Eugene Onegin")".

Good luck with your lesson!

Problems and heroes of the novel "Eugene Onegin"

Before talking about the problems and the main characters of the novel in the poem "Eugene Onegin", it is necessary to clearly understand the features of the genre of this work. The genre of Eugene Onegin is lyric-epic. Consequently, the novel is based on the inextricable interaction of two plots: the epic (whose main characters are Onegin and Tatiana) and the lyrical (where the main character- the narrator, from whose person the story is told). The lyrical plot is not just equal in the novel - it dominates, for all events real life and the novel life of the heroes are presented to the reader through the prism of the author's perception, the author's assessment.

The key, central problem in the novel is the problem of the goal and meaning of life, because at the turning points of history, which became for Russia the era after the Decembrist uprising, a radical reassessment of values takes place in the minds of people. And at such a time it is the artist's highest moral duty to point out to society the eternal values, to give firm moral guidelines. The best people of the Pushkin - Decembrist - generation seem to "get out of the game": they are either disappointed in the old ideals, or they do not have the opportunity to fight for them in new conditions, to put them into practice. The next generation - the one that Lermontov calls "the gloomy crowd and soon forgotten" - was initially "brought to its knees." Due to the peculiarities of the genre, the novel, which literary criticism rightly interprets as a kind of "lyrical diary" of the author, reflects the very process of re-evaluating the entire system of moral values. Time in the novel flows in such a way that we see the characters in dynamics, we trace them spiritual path... Before our very eyes, all the main characters are going through a period of formation, painfully searching for the truth, determining their place in the world, the purpose of their existence.

The central image of the novel is that of the author. For all the autobiographical character of this character, in no case can he be identified with Pushkin, if only because the world of the novel is an ideal, fictional world. Therefore, when we talk about the image of the author, we do not mean personally Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin, but the lyric hero of the novel "Eugene Onegin".

So, before us is the author's lyric diary; frank conversation with the reader, where confessional moments are interspersed with light chatter. The author is sometimes serious, sometimes frivolous, sometimes evilly ironic, sometimes just cheerful, sometimes sad and always sharp. And most importantly, he is always absolutely sincere with the reader. Lyrical digressions reflect the changes in the author's feelings, his ability both to light flirting (characteristic of "windy youth") and to deep admiration for his beloved (compare stanzas XXXII and XXXIII of the first chapter of the novel).

... we, enemies of Hymen,

In home life we see one

A series of tiresome pictures ...

The spouse is perceived as an object of ridicule:

... a stately cuckold,

Always happy with myself

With my lunch and my wife.

But let us pay attention to the opposition of these verses and the lines of “Excerpts

from Onegin's journey ":

My ideal is now a mistress

My desires are peace

Yes, a cabbage pot, but a big one.

What in his youth seemed a sign of limitation, spiritual and mental scarcity, in his mature years turns out to be the only correct one, moral way... And in no case should the author be suspected of hypocrisy: we are talking about spiritual maturation a person, about the normal change in value criteria:

Blessed is he who was young from a young age,

Blessed is he who matured in time.

The tragedy of the protagonist in many respects stems from Onegin's inability to "mature in time", from the "premature old age of the soul." What happened harmoniously in the author's life, although not painlessly, became the cause of the tragedy in the fate of his hero.

The search for the meaning of life takes place in different planes of existence. The plot of the novel is based on the love of the main characters. Therefore, the manifestation of a person's essence in the choice of a beloved, in the nature of feelings is the most important feature of the image, which determines his entire attitude to life. Love for the author and for his heroine Tatiana is a huge, intense spiritual work. For Lensky, this is a necessary romantic attribute, which is why he chooses Olga, devoid of individuality, in which everyone has merged typical features heroines of sentimental novels:

Her portrait, he is very nice,

I used to love him myself,

But he bothered me immensely.

For Onegin, love is "the science of tender passion." He learns the true feeling by the end of the novel, when the experience of suffering comes.

"Eugene Onegin" is a realistic work, and realism, unlike others artistic methods does not imply any final and only correct solution to the main problem. On the contrary, it requires an ambiguous interpretation of this problem:

This is how nature created us,

It is inclined to contradiction.

The ability to reflect the "tendency" of human nature to "contradict", the complexity and variability of the identity of the individual in the world are the hallmarks of Pushkin's realism. The duality of the image of the author himself lies in the fact that he evaluates his generation in its integrity, without ceasing to feel like a representative of a generation endowed with common advantages and disadvantages. Pushkin emphasizes this duality of self-awareness of the lyrical hero of the novel: "We all learned a little ...", "We honor everyone with zeros ...", "We all look at Napoleons", "So people, I first repent, // There is nothing to do friends..."

A person's consciousness, the system of his life values are largely formed by the moral laws adopted in society. The author himself assesses the influence of the high society ambiguously. The first chapter gives sharply satirical image light and pastime of secular youth. The tragic 6th chapter, where the young poet dies, ends lyrical digression: the author's reflections on the age limit, which he is preparing to step over: "Can I really be thirty soon?" And he calls on the "young inspiration" to save the "poet's soul" from death, not to let "... turn to stone // In the deadening ecstasy of light, // In this pool, where I am with you // Swimming, dear friends!". So, a whirlpool that deadens the soul. But here's the 8th chapter:

And now I am a muse for the first time

I bring you to a social event.

She likes the order slender

Oligarchic conversations

And the coldness of calm pride,

And this mixture of ranks and years.

Very correctly explains this contradiction Yu.M. Lotman: “The image of light received double illumination: on the one hand, the world is soulless and mechanistic, it remained an object of condemnation, on the other, as a sphere in which Russian culture develops, life is inspired by the play of intellectual and spiritual forces, poetry, pride, like the world of Karamzin and the Decembrists, Zhukovsky and the author of Eugene Onegin himself, he retains unconditional value. Society is not homogeneous. It depends on the person himself whether he accepts the moral laws of the faint-hearted majority or best representatives light "(Lotman YM Roman AS Pushkin" Eugene Onegin ": Commentary. SPb., 1995).

The “faint-hearted majority”, “friends” surrounding a person in a “deadening” “pool of light” appear in the novel for a reason. Like a caricature of true love became "the science of tender passion", so a caricature of true friendship - secular friendship. "Friends have nothing to do" - this is the author's verdict to the friendship between Onegin and Lensky. Friendship without a deep spiritual community is just a temporary empty union. And this caricature of secular friendships enrages the author: "... save us from friends, God!" Compare the caustic lines about the libel of the "friends" in the fourth chapter of the novel with the heartfelt verses about the nanny (stanza XXXV):

But I am the fruit of my dreams

And harmonious undertakings

I only read to the old nanny,

To the friend of my youth ...

A full-fledged life is impossible without disinterested dedication in friendship - that is why these secular "friendships" are so terrible for the author. For in true friendship betrayal is the most terrible sin, which cannot be justified by anything, but in a secular parody of friendship, betrayal is in the order of things, normal. For the author, the inability to make friends is a terrible sign of the moral degradation of modern society.

But there is no friendship between us.

Destroying all prejudices,

We honor everyone with zeros

And in units - yourself.

We all look at Napoleons,

Millions of two-legged creatures

For us, the tool is one;

We feel wild and funny.

Let's pay attention to these verses, they are one of the most important, central in Russian literature XIX century. Pushkin's formula will form the basis of "Crime and Punishment", "War and Peace". The Napoleonic theme was first recognized and formulated by Pushkin as a problem of the goal of human life. Napoleon appears here not as a romantic image, but as a symbol of a psychological attitude, according to which a person, for the sake of his desires, is ready to suppress and destroy any obstacle: after all, the people around are only "two-legged creatures"!

The author himself sees the meaning of life in fulfilling his destiny. The entire novel is full of deep reflections on art, the image of the author in this sense is unambiguous: he is, first of all, a poet, his life is unthinkable outside creativity, outside of intense spiritual work.

In this, Eugene is directly opposite to him. And not at all because he does not plow and sow before our eyes. He has no need for work, in the search for his destiny. And the education of Onegin, and his attempts to immerse himself in reading, and his efforts to write ("yawning, took up the pen") the author perceives ironically: "He was sick of stubborn work." This is one of the most important moments in understanding the novel. Although the action of the novel ends before the uprising on Senate Square, in Eugene, traits of a man of the Nikolaev era are often guessed. A heavy cross for this generation will be the inability to find their vocation, to unravel their destiny. This motive is central in Lermontov's work, and Turgenev also comprehends this problem in the image of Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov.

Especially important in Eugene Onegin is the problem of duty and happiness. In fact, Tatyana Larina is not a love heroine, she is a heroine of conscience. Appearing on the pages of the novel as a seventeen-year-old provincial girl dreaming of happiness with her lover, she grows before our eyes into a surprisingly integral heroine, for whom the concepts of honor and duty are above all. Olga, the bride of Lensky, soon forgot the deceased young man: "the young ulan captured her." For Tatiana, Lensky's death is a disaster. She curses herself for continuing to love Onegin: "She must hate in him // the murderer of her brother." A heightened sense of duty is the dominant feature of Tatiana's image. Happiness with Onegin is impossible for her: there is no happiness built on dishonor, on the misfortune of another person. Tatiana's choice is a deeply moral choice, the meaning of life for her is in accordance with the highest moral criteria. F.M. Dostoevsky in the essay "Pushkin": "... Tatiana is a solid type, standing firmly on its own ground. She is deeper than Onegin and, of course, smarter than him. She already has a noble instinct with her own presentiment where and in what the truth is, which was expressed in the finale Perhaps Pushkin would have done even better if he had named his poem after Tatyana, and not Onegin, for she is undoubtedly the main heroine of the poem. the poet intended the poet to express the idea of the poem in the famous scene of Tatyana's last meeting with Onegin. fiction- except perhaps the image of Lisa in " Noble nest»Turgenev. But the manner of looking down did something that Onegin did not even recognize Tatiana at all when he met her for the first time, in the wilderness, in a modest

the image of a pure, innocent girl who was so timid before him from the first time. He was unable to distinguish between completeness and perfection in the poor girl, and indeed, perhaps, he took her for a "moral embryo." This is she, the embryo, this is after her letter to Onegin! If there is any moral embryo in the poem, it is, of course, himself, Onegin, and this is indisputable. And he could not at all recognize her: does he know the human soul? This is an abstract person, this is a restless dreamer for his whole life. He did not recognize her later, in St. Petersburg, in the form of a noble lady, when, in his own words, in a letter to Tatyana, "he comprehended all her perfections with his soul." But these are only words: she passed by him in his life, not recognized and not appreciated by him; that's the tragedy of their romance<…>.

By the way, who said that secular, court life perniciously touched her soul and that it was the dignity of a secular lady and new secular concepts that were partly the reason for her refusal to Onegin? No, it wasn't like that. No, this is the same Tanya, the same old village Tanya! She is not spoiled, on the contrary, she is depressed by this magnificent Petersburg life, broken and suffering, she hates her dignity as a socialite, and whoever judges her differently does not at all understand what Pushkin wanted to say. And so she firmly says to Onegin:

But I'm given to another

And I will be faithful to him forever.

She said this precisely as a Russian woman, this is her apotheosis. She expresses the truth of the poem. Oh, I will not say a word about her religious beliefs, about her view of the sacrament of marriage - no, I will not touch on this. But what: is it because she refused to follow him, despite the fact that she herself told him: “I love you”, is it because she, “like a Russian woman” (and not some southern or French) , unable to take a bold step, unable to break their bonds, unable to sacrifice the charm of honor, wealth, secular significance, the conditions of virtue? No, the Russian woman dared. A Russian woman will boldly follow what she believes in, and she has proved it. But she "was given to another and will be faithful to him for ages"<…>... Yes, she is loyal to this general, her husband, an honest man, who loves her, who respects her and who is proud of her. Let her "begged her mother," but she, and no one else, agreed, she, after all, she herself swore to him to be his honest wife. She may have married him out of despair, but now he is her husband, and her betrayal will cover him with shame, shame and kill him. And how can a person base his happiness on the unhappiness of another? Happiness is not only in the pleasures of love, but also in the highest harmony of the spirit. How to calm the spirit if there is a dishonest, ruthless, inhuman act behind? Should she flee just because it's my happiness? But what kind of happiness can there be if it is based on someone else's misfortune? Let me imagine that you yourself are erecting the building of human destiny with the aim of making people happy in the final, and finally giving them peace and tranquility. And now imagine, too, that for this it is necessary and inevitably necessary to torture only one human being, moreover - even if not so worthy, even at a different glance, funny creature, not some Shakespeare, but just an honest old man, a young husband his wife, in whose love he blindly believes, although he does not know her heart at all, respects her, is proud of her, happy and at peace with her. And only he must be disgraced, dishonored and tortured, and with the tears of this dishonored old man to erect your building! Would you agree to be the architect of such a building on this condition? Here's the question. And can you admit, even for a moment, the idea that the people for whom you built this building would agree to accept such happiness from you, if it is based on suffering?<…>... Tell me, could Tatyana have decided otherwise, with her high soul, with her heart, which suffered so much? No<…>... Tatiana sends Onegin away<…>... It has no soil, it is a blade of grass carried by the wind. She is not at all like that: in her, both in despair and in the suffering consciousness that her life has perished, there is still something solid and unshakable on which her soul rests. These are her childhood memories, memories of her homeland, rural wilderness, in which her humble, pure life began - this is "the cross and the shadow of the branches over the grave of her poor nanny." Oh, these memories and former images are now most precious to her, these images are the only ones left to her, but it is they who save her soul from final despair. And this is a lot, no, there is already a lot, because there is a whole foundation, here is something unshakable and indestructible. There is contact with the homeland, with the native people, with its shrine<…>."

The climax of the plot is the sixth chapter, the duel between Onegin and Lensky. The value of life is tested by death. Onegin commits a tragic mistake. At this moment, the opposition of his understanding of honor and duty to the meaning that Tatyana puts into these words is especially vivid. For Onegin, the concept of "secular honor" turns out to be more significant than a moral duty - and he pays a terrible price for the admitted shift of moral criteria: he has the blood of his murdered friend forever on him.

The author compares two possible ways of Lensky: sublime (“for the good of the world, or even glory was born”) and down-to-earth (“ordinary destiny”). And for him it is not important which fate is more real - it is important that there will be none, Lensky is killed. For a light that does not know the true meaning of life, human life itself has no value. For the author, it is the greatest, ontological value. Therefore, the author's sympathies and antipathies are so clearly visible in the novel "Eugene Onegin".

The attitude of the author to the heroes of the novel is always definite and unambiguous. Let us note once again the unwillingness of Pushkin to be identified with Eugene Onegin: "I am always glad to notice the difference // Between Onegin and me." Let us recall the ambiguity of the author's assessment of Eugene: as the novel is written, his attitude towards the hero changes: the years go by, the author himself changes, and Onegin also changes. The hero at the beginning and end of the novel is two different people: in the finale, Onegin is “a tragic face”. For the author main tragedy Onegin lies in the gap between his true human capabilities and the role he plays: this is one of the central problems of the Onegin generation. Sincerely loving his hero, Pushkin cannot but condemn him for his fear of violating secular conventions.

Tatiana is Pushkin's favorite heroine, the image closest to the author. The poet will call her "sweet ideal." The spiritual closeness of the author and Tatiana is based on the similarity of the basic life principles: disinterested attitude to the world, closeness to nature, national consciousness.

The author's attitude to Lensky is amorous and ironic. Lensky's romantic outlook is largely artificial (recall the scene of Lensky at the grave of Dmitry Larin). Lensky's tragedy for the author is that for the right to play a role romantic hero Vladimir sacrifices his life: the sacrifice is absurd and senseless. The tragedy of a failed personality is also a sign of the times.

A special conversation is the author's attitude to secondary and episodic characters. He largely reveals in them not individual, but typical features. This creates the author's attitude to society as a whole. The secular society in the novel is heterogeneous. This is also the "secular rabble", which made the pursuit of fashion the main principle of life - in beliefs, in behavior, in reading, etc. And at the same time, the circle of people admitted to the St. Petersburg salon of Tatiana is a true intelligentsia. The provincial society appears in the novel as a caricature of the high society. One appearance at Tatyana's birthday of the Skotinins (they are also the heroes of Fonvizin's comedy "The Minor") shows that nothing has changed in the fifty years that separate the province of Pushkin from the province described by Fonvizin. But at the same time, it is in the Russian province that Tatiana may appear.

Summing up, it should be said that the fate of the heroes of the novel primarily depends on the truth (or falsity) of the values that they have taken as the main ones. life principles.

Bibliography

Monakhova O. P., Malkhazova M. V. Russian literature of the XIX century. Part 1. - M.-1994.

Lotman Yu.M. Pushkin's novel "Eugene Onegin": Commentary. SPb. - 1995

What are the moral and philosophical problems of the novel "Eugene Onegin"? and got the best answer

Answer from Lisa [active]
Analyzing the novel by A. Pushkin "Eugene Onegin", V. G. Belinsky wrote: "Onegin is the most soulful work of Pushkin, the most beloved child of his fantasy, and one can point to too few creations in which the poet's personality would be reflected with such fullness. , bright and clear, as reflected in "Onegin" the personality of Pushkin. "
The novel in verse "Eugene Onegin" raises many philosophical and moral problems. One of them is the problem of happiness and duty.
This problem is most vividly highlighted in final explanation Eugene Onegin with Tatiana Larina.
Their farewell meeting takes place in Moscow, in the house of Tatyana's husband. Onegin meets Larina in Moscow, but now she is no longer a "district young lady" in whom "everything is outside, everything is at liberty", but an "indifferent princess", "the legislator of the hall." And it is with this person that Onegin falls in love, hoping that he will be able to return her old Tatiana. Eugene writes her a letter with a declaration of love, but does not receive an answer. He gradually withers and finally decides to find out everything once and for all. It is at this moment that the final explanation takes place.
This scene is the culmination of the novel. The denouement takes place in it. If earlier Onegin spoke from a height with Tatyana, as with a little girl, now they have changed roles.
For the first time, Onegin thinks that his worldview is wrong, that it will not give him peace and what he ultimately wants. “I thought: freedom and peace are a substitute for happiness,” Onegin admits to Tatiana, beginning to realize that true happiness lies in the desire to find a kindred spirit.
He realizes that all his foundations have been shaken. The author gives us hope for the moral revival of Onegin.
"Eugene Onegin" - philosophical novel, a novel about the meaning of life. In it, Pushkin raised the problems of being, reflected on what good and evil are. And if Onegin's life is meaningless, he sows evil, death, indifference around him, then Tatiana is an integral, harmonious person, and she sees the meaning of her life in love, fulfilling her duty to her husband. Having come to terms with the harsh laws of life that deprived a person of happiness, Tatyana was forced to fight for her dignity, showing in this struggle her intransigence and her inherent moral strength, this was precisely what Tatyana's moral values were. Tatiana is a heroine of conscience.
Tatiana appears in the novel as a symbol of loyalty, kindness, love. It has long been known that happiness for women lies in love, in caring for others.

Answer from 2 answers[guru]

Hey! Here is a selection of topics with answers to your question: What are the moral and philosophical problems of the novel "Eugene Onegin"?

Answer from Elena Zhmareva[guru]
It is difficult to say whether Pushkin suffered from such naive didactism as Belinsky attributes to him. Sexless Tatiana and demonic Onegin are quite in the spirit of the poster "fierce Vissarion"! "A habit has been given to us from above, it is a substitute for happiness", "Blessed is he who was young from a young age, blessed, who matured in time" - these aphorisms illustrate the change in the value system over the course of a person's life. The hobby that could fill the life of 16 or 18-year-old Tatyana no longer seems so fatal to a married woman who SLEEP with a man and has an idea of the intimate side of love. On the one hand, there are fleeting meetings with Onegin and vague dreams, on the other, a position in society and a loving husband. So this is another question, which prevailed - DUTY or a simple COMMON SENSE, not burdened with lightweight ravings about the "old cemetery" and "the noise of branches over the nanny."

Problems and heroes of the novel "Eugene Onegin"

Before talking about the problems and the main characters of the novel in the poem "Eugene Onegin", it is necessary to clearly understand the peculiarities of the genre of this work. The genre of "Eugene Onegin" is lyric-epic. Consequently, the novel is based on the inextricable interaction of two plots: the epic (the main characters of which are Onegin and Tatiana) and the lyrical (where the main character is the narrator, on whose behalf the story is told). The lyrical plot is not just equal in the novel - it dominates, because all the events of real life and the novel's life of the heroes are presented to the reader through the prism of the author's perception, the author's assessment.

The key, central problem in the novel is the problem of the goal and meaning of life, because at the turning points of history, which became for Russia the era after the Decembrist uprising, a radical reassessment of values takes place in the minds of people. And at such a time it is the artist's highest moral duty to point out to society the eternal values, to give firm moral guidelines. The best people of the Pushkin - Decembrist - generation seem to be "out of the game": they are either disappointed in the old ideals, or they do not have the opportunity in the new conditions to fight for them, to put them into practice. The next generation - the one that Lermontov calls "the gloomy crowd and soon forgotten" - was initially "brought to its knees." Due to the peculiarities of the genre, the novel, which literary criticism rightly interprets as a kind of "lyric diary" of the author, reflects the very process of re-evaluating the entire system of moral values. Time in the novel flows in such a way that we see the characters in dynamics, we trace their spiritual path. Before our very eyes, all the main characters are going through a period of formation, painfully searching for the truth, determining their place in the world, the purpose of their existence.

We, enemies of Hymen,

In home life we see one

A series of tiresome pictures ...

The spouse is perceived as an object of ridicule:

Cuckold majestic

Always happy with myself

With my lunch and my wife.

But let us pay attention to the opposition of these verses and lines of "Excerpts

from Onegin's journey ":

My ideal is now a mistress

My desires are peace

Yes, a cabbage pot, but a big one.

What in his youth seemed a sign of limitation, spiritual and mental scarcity, in his mature years turns out to be the only correct, moral way. And in no case should the author be suspected of hypocrisy: we are talking about the spiritual maturation of a person, about a normal change in value criteria:

Blessed is he who was young from a young age,

Blessed is he who matured in time.

The search for the meaning of life takes place in different planes of existence. The plot of the novel is based on the love of the main characters. Therefore, the manifestation of a person's essence in the choice of a beloved, in the nature of feelings is the most important feature of the image, which determines his entire attitude to life. Love for the author and for his heroine Tatiana is a huge, intense spiritual work. For Lensky, this is a necessary romantic attribute, which is why he chooses Olga, devoid of individuality, in which all the typical features of the heroines of sentimental novels have merged:

Her portrait, he is very nice,

I used to love him myself,

But he bothered me immensely.

For Onegin, love is "the science of tender passion." He learns the true feeling by the end of the novel, when the experience of suffering comes.

"Eugene Onegin" is a realistic work, and realism, unlike other artistic methods, does not imply any final and only correct solution to the main problem. On the contrary, it requires an ambiguous interpretation of this problem:

This is how nature created us,

It is inclined to contradiction.

The ability to reflect the "tendency" of human nature to "contradict", the complexity and variability of the identity of the individual in the world are the hallmarks of Pushkin's realism. The duality of the image of the author himself lies in the fact that he evaluates his generation in its integrity, without ceasing to feel like a representative of a generation endowed with common advantages and disadvantages. Pushkin emphasizes this duality of self-awareness of the lyric hero of the novel: "We all learned a little ...", "We honor everyone with zeros ...", "We all look at Napoleons", "So people, I first repent, // There is nothing to do friends..."

A person's consciousness, the system of his life values are largely formed by the moral laws adopted in society. The author himself assesses the influence of the high society ambiguously. The first chapter gives a sharply satirical depiction of the light and pastime of secular youth. The tragic 6th chapter, where the young poet dies, ends with a lyrical digression: the author's reflections on the age boundary that he is preparing to step over: "Can I really be thirty soon?" And he calls on the "young inspiration" to save the "poet's soul" from death, not to let "... turn to stone // In the deadening ecstasy of light, // In this pool, where I am with you // Swimming, dear friends!" So, a whirlpool that deadens the soul. But here's the 8th chapter:

And now I am a muse for the first time

I bring you to a social event.

She likes the order slender

Oligarchic conversations

And the coldness of calm pride,

And this mixture of ranks and years.

Very correctly explains this contradiction Yu.M. Lotman: "The image of light received double illumination: on the one hand, the world is soulless and mechanistic, it remained an object of condemnation, on the other, as a sphere in which Russian culture develops, life is inspired by the play of intellectual and spiritual forces, poetry, pride, like the world of Karamzin and the Decembrists, Zhukovsky and the author of "Eugene Onegin" himself, he retains unconditional value. Society is heterogeneous. It depends on the person himself whether he accepts the moral laws of the faint-hearted majority or the best representatives of the world "(Lotman Y. M. Roman AS Pushkin" Eugene Onegin ": Commentary. SPb., 1995).

The "faint-hearted majority", "friends" surrounding a person in a "deadening" "pool of light" do not appear in the novel by chance. Just as "the science of tender passion" became a caricature of true love, so a caricature of true friendship - secular friendship. "Friends have nothing to do" - this is the author's verdict to the friendship between Onegin and Lensky. Friendship without a deep spiritual community is just a temporary empty union. And this caricature of secular friendships enrages the author: "... save us from friends, God!" Compare the caustic lines about the "friends" slander in the fourth chapter of the novel with the heartfelt verses about the nanny (stanza XXXV):

But I am the fruit of my dreams

And harmonious undertakings

I only read to the old nanny,

To the friend of my youth ...

A full-fledged life is impossible without disinterested dedication in friendship - that is why these secular "friendships" are so terrible for the author. For in true friendship, betrayal is the most terrible sin, which cannot be justified by anything, while in a secular parody of friendship, betrayal is in the order of things, normal. For the author, the inability to make friends is a terrible sign of the moral degradation of modern society.

But there is no friendship between us.

Destroying all prejudices,

We honor everyone with zeros

And in units - yourself.

We all look at Napoleons,

Millions of two-legged creatures

For us, the tool is one;

We feel wild and funny.

Let's pay attention to these verses, they are one of the most important, central in Russian literature of the XIX century. Pushkin's formula will form the basis of "Crime and Punishment", "War and Peace". The Napoleonic theme was first recognized and formulated by Pushkin as a problem of the goal of human life. Napoleon appears here not as a romantic image, but as a symbol of a psychological mood, according to which a person, for the sake of his desires, is ready to suppress and destroy any obstacle: after all, the people around are only "two-legged creatures"!

In this, Eugene is directly opposite to him. And not at all because he does not plow and sow before our eyes. He has no need for work, in the search for his destiny. And Onegin's education, and his attempts to immerse himself in reading, and his wuxi

Among the main problems of the novel in verse "Eugene Onegin" by A.S. Pushkin are the following:
- search for the meaning of life;
- the purpose of a person's life in society;
- heroes of that time;
- an assessment of the entire system of moral values of that period.
A.S. Pushkin's novel is largely autobiographical for the author, because he, like the protagonist of the novel Eugene Onegin, became disillusioned with the old ideals and moral principles of that era. But to look for ways to change, to do something himself for changes in his life, the hero is not able to, he is overcome by the eternal Russian blues, which in the novel is characterized by fashionable English word"spleen".
In his lines, A.S. Pushkin very confidentially tells the reader about his feelings and vision of the world. For him, family, ties of kinship. the sacred hearth is of undeniable value, and this idea is conveyed in words the main character Tatiana Larina:
“But I am given to another,
And I will be faithful to him forever! "
We can trace the entire path of maturation and formation of the personality of Eugene and Tatiana, changes in their worldview.
The novel also touches on the value of human life for society, a description of the characters of that time, and the influence cutting edge ideas on the ideology of society.

When I was in school, we all studied the novel by Alexander Pushkin "Eugene Onegin". The ending of this novel is very sad, and it does not meet all the "expectations" of the readers.
Throughout the novel, we all expect that Tatiana, a genius of pure beauty, and a female ideal, will reciprocate to Eugene, and they will live happily ever after for many, many, years. But it turns out that everything is not at all like this:
- I love you, why dissemble?
But, I am given to another, I will be faithful to him forever.
Tatyana, rejects all the advances of Eugene, and this becomes complete surprise, and the main problem of the whole novel.
Perhaps Pushkin did not tell us everything, and in the life of the main characters everything could have turned out differently, but, in a similar situation, many people find themselves in our time.
In Tatyana's life, the opportunity arose to change one man for another, and before her, there was a difficult choice, between the present and the future. Onegin did not have an "impeccable reputation."
According to the novel, he was selfish, proud, unreliable, and he “regularly changed women,” and Tatyana perfectly understood the essence of things, she had no shortage of male attention, and many men from her “circle” would like to marry her ...
Tatiana, according to the novel, is a very reasonable woman, she respected her husband, who truly loved her, and wanted her to be happy only with him. Could Eugene Onegin make her happy? And why, only three years later, did he realize how much he loved her?
Rejecting the courtship of Eugene, Tatyana acted like a reasonable woman, and did not change her existing family life, for a "light affair".
In this case, the mind has triumphed over the senses.
We cannot condemn Tatyana, because how many people, so many opinions, and the problem of this novel is in choosing the right life path!

It seems to me that in his novel Pushkin contrasts, compares and looks for similarities and differences among two different "worlds" - the world of beautiful magnificent balls, the capital's nobility and the world of ordinary people of noble blood, living more secluded and modest. The representative of the first world is the protagonist of the novel himself, Eugene Onegin, and the brightest representative of the second is Tatiana. Eugene is presented as a brilliant young man, educated, but mired in high life. But he was already bored with this life, and the author himself, as we see from the novel, is not delighted with it. It is full of senseless and merciless intrigues, flattery, betrayal, debauchery. Only from the outside does he seem attractive, beautiful and unusual. Those who find themselves inside it quickly lose their human dignity and strive for false values. And so Eugene, tired of this high society, goes to the village and meets there a completely different world, people of a different type. Tatiana is pure, she is educated and smart, the ideals of her ancestors are close to her - the family comes first, the desire for harmony and perfection. But Yevgeny did not immediately feel a warm feeling for such ideals, and then, when he had already realized his mistake, it was too late. So the main problem lies behind the relationship of these two main characters, as the main representatives of the two strata of society.

Eugene Onegin is one of my favorite novels. Studying it at school, I re-read it 5 times, probably. Then romance was just for me interesting book, no more. Probably, at that age, no one thought deeply about the problems raised by Pushkin.
Now, I think, I already look at the heroes of the novel from a slightly different angle. The plot is based on the love of the main characters. Together with them, we live the stages of their spiritual development, the search for truth, they determine their place in this life. For each of the heroes, love is something personal. For Larina it is a huge spiritual work, for Lensky it is just a light romantic attribute, for Olga it is the absence of sentimentality and individuality, for Onegin it is the science of tender passion. Next to the problem of love is the problem of friendship. Right now I understand that friendship without deep emotional attachment is impossible and temporary.
Especially important in the novel is the problem of duty and happiness, since Tatiana Larina is a girl of conscience and honor and conscience for her as important as love. In the course of the novel, she is transformed into an integral personality with her own moral principles and foundations, life values.
Also, a huge problem described in the novel is the interconnection of various segments of the population.